Recent work has demonstrated that incidents, accidents and disasters tend to result from complex socio-technical failures, rather than just 'human error' on the one hand, or simple technical failures on the other. For the reduction of accidents, therefore, it is necessary to deal with systems factors, in which both technical and human-factors elements play an equal and complementary role. However, many of the existing techniques in ergonomics and risk management concentrate on plant/technical issues and downplay human factors and "subjectivity". The present text describes a body of theory and data which addresses this issue squarely, drawing on systems theory and applied psychology, and which stresses the importance of human agency within systems. The central roles of social consensus and reliability, and the nature of verbal reports and 'functional discourse' are explained in some detail.

This book therefore presents a new, 'Qualitative Systems Approach' to safety management, offering both greater safety and economic savings. It presents a series of methodological 'tools' whose reliability and validity have been shown through extensive work in the rail and nuclear industries and which allow organisational and systems failures to be analysed much more effectively in terms of quantity, precision and usefulness.

This is a textbook for undergraduate and graduate students in occupational psychology, human factors, ergonomics and HCI, and the sociology of disasters and risk. It is also useful for safety managers and professionals in many safety critical firms and organisations, reliability engineers, risk managers, and human factors specialists.

Situations and systems are easier to change than the human condition - particularly when people are well-trained and well-motivated, as they usually are in maintenance organisations. This is a down-to-earth practitioner's guide to managing maintenance error, written in Dr. Reason's highly readable style. It deals with human risks generally and the special human performance problems arising in maintenance, as well as providing an engineer's guide for their understanding and the solution. After reviewing the types of error and violation and the conditions that provoke them, the author sets out the broader picture, illustrated by examples of three system failures. Central to the book is a comprehensive review of error management, followed by chapters on:- managing person, the task and the team; - the workplace and the organization; - creating a safe culture; It is then rounded off and brought together, in such a way as to be readily applicable for those who can make it work, to achieve a greater and more consistent level of safety in maintenance activities. The readership will include maintenance engineering staff and safety officers and all those in responsible roles in critical and systems-reliant environments, including transportation, nuclear and conventional power, extractive and other chemical processing and manufacturing industries and medicine.

This book demonstrates some of the ways in which communication and developing technologies can improve global food and water safety by providing a historical background on outbreaks and public resistance, as well as generating interest in youth and potential professionals in the field * History of muckraking in the food industry * Case study on groundwater regulation * Interviews with members of the beef industry and livestock market owners

This timely new study of worker representation presents powerful analysis of such issues as:

· trends in trade union membership;
· factors behind the decline of union membership;
· young workers and trade unionism;
· the law and union recognition;
· European influences on worker representation;
· non-union representation;
· trade unionism in the context of new forms of representation;
· enhancing the appeal of unions.

Representing Workers is one of the most broad-ranging studies of representation and is essential reading for anyone studying or working in employment relations.

This timely new study of worker representation presents powerful analysis of such issues as:

· trends in trade union membership;
· factors behind the decline of union membership;
· young workers and trade unionism;
· the law and union recognition;
· European influences on worker representation;
· non-union representation;
· trade unionism in the context of new forms of representation;
· enhancing the appeal of unions.

Representing Workers is one of the most broad-ranging studies of representation and is essential reading for anyone studying or working in employment relations.

The Handbook of Conflict Management cuts across theoretical perspectives, strategic models, and situational contexts as the first all-encompassing conflict management reference. A young field in both research and practice, this foundational text sets precedents for furthering academic study and real-world progress in managing diverse instances of conflict. It draws on more than 600 references to probe sources of conflict and to prescribe means of reducing tension in organizational, institutional, and community settings. Introducing core themes and issues into the dialogue, the handbook provides techniques to promote peaceful negotiation, cooperation, and consensus.

Managing Tourist Health is a seminal study which combines a range of state of the art reviews of the issues facing tourism managers and professionals in the fast growing area of tourist health and safety. An international range of contributors, each a specialist in their chosen field, have written papers for this book to explain many of the complex issues affecting tourists, the tourism industry and governments in ensuring tourism is viewed as a safe and enjoyable experience for all.
The contributors have a wealth of interdisciplinary experience ranging from medicine, law, tourism research, safety science, ergonomics, management, consultancy among other cognate areas of study. Future research directions are examined in many of the chapters together with current state of the art knowledge in relation to key studies.
The editors have worked in this area of research since the late 1980s and have accumulated a wide range of academic, professional and consultancy experience for governments and the private sector. The book extends this understanding through a multi-disciplinary perspective combining some of the leading researchers who have published in this area since the emergence of tourist health as a legitimate area of study in the 1970s.

This book is directly aligned to the NEBOSH Certificate in Environmental Management, which is a qualification aimed primarily at those in business who influence the environmental performance of their organisation by the decisions that they make as managers or the actions that they take as operators. This book aims to provide an introduction to the main areas of concern and how the challenges can be addressed. This new edition takes account of recent changes in international guidance and legislation and the recent update of the International Standard in Environmental Management ISO 14001. The contents are important for businesses that wish to stay within the law and avoid adverse publicity. It explains how the concept of sustainability can be achieved in practice and what benefits - especially financial - that can accrue. Recent developments in the definitions of sustainability and the growing interest in the circular economy are introduced. It pays to be ahead of the game because decisions made now need to reflect an awareness of the coming pressures and there are opportunities available that can bring other benefits. This book is intended for candidates for the NEBOSH qualification, but it will also be useful to anyone who wishes to understand the problems and how they can be tackled within their own organisations, be they industry, public service, voluntary bodies, or even as individuals.

Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) is a complex area which interacts widely with a broader spectrum of business interests and concerns. To date OHS has been confined to the periphery of Human Resource Management (HRM), where its role, influence and importance have been overlooked. This text sets out to reposition OHS in HRM and business agendas.
This book unravels the complex range of factors affecting OHS policy, practice and outcomes. These factors are then placed into context within the international airline, call centre and nuclear power industries. The author presents a wide range of primary and secondary research in order to offer an accessible framework for OHS in contemporary occupational settings.
This book will be essential reading for students, practitioners and professional academic audiences who seek a broader understanding of the relationship and interaction between HRM principles, policies and practices and OHS.

In this absorbing narrative, Barry E.C. Boothman traces the history of Abitibi Power & Paper Limited alongside the rise and fall of the newsprint industry and the advent of Canadian corporate capitalism. In the first half of the twentieth century, Abitibi was Canada's biggest manufacturer - an apparent success story after the Wall Street crash of 1929 and a company deemed "too big to fail" - but the company eventually ended up at the centre of the longest and most controversial bankruptcy in Canadian history. Moving from the frontier areas of northern Ontario to the heart of the continental economy, Corporate Cataclysm shows how competitive strategies, industrial organization, corporate finance, and law combined with the empire-building dreams of entrepreneurs and the concerns of politicians to generate an economic disaster. It then chronicles the disputes and intense strife that plagued Abitibi's fourteen-year receivership.

This collection examines the evolution of the philosophy and practice of human resource management (HRM) and industrial relations (IR) over the twentieth century. By combining history, contemporary practice, and future trends, these well-known experts present both scholarly and practitioner perspectives. Drawing on in-depth interviews and surveys with HRM executives at leading corporations, the contributors explore key trends and issues facing global companies in such areas as equal opportunity, compensation practices, and expatriation programs. The book also takes an in-depth look at one particular player in the story - Industrial Relations Counselors, Inc., the first non-profit research and consulting organization dedicated to improved HRM/IR practices - which was founded by John D. Rockefeller in 1926, and has played a central role in the development of key labor legislation including the Social Security Act.

This comprehensive survey of continuity and change in trade unions looks at five primarily English-speaking countries: the USA, Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the UK. The authors consider the recent re-examination by trade union movements of the basis of union organization and activity in the face of a harsher economic and political climate. One of the impetuses for this re-examination has been the recent history of unions in the USA. American models of renewal have inspired Australia, New Zealand and the UK, while Canada has undergone a cautious examination of the US model with an attempt to develop a distinctive approach. This book aims to provide a thorough grounding for informed discussion and debate about the position and place of trade unions in modern economies.

This book examines the commercialisation of domestic and care work through private agencies that organise transnational care arrangements by brokering migrant workers. The book focuses on the emergence of private for-profit home care agencies following the 2011 extension of the Free Movement of Workers to Eastern European Countries agreement in Switzerland. The agencies recruit migrant women from these countries and place them in private households for elderly care. This book explores how circular labour migration for these care workers is facilitated. In the form of a mobile ethnography, it traces their journey from Eastern European countries to Switzerland - from when care workers find employment and are recruited by agencies to when they arrive at their designated households. From the agencies' analytical standpoint, the book examines the recruitment and placement practices of the home care agencies and their role in facilitating migration. Brokering Labour Migration offers an understanding of new migration patterns and highlights fundamental changes in migration control with the extension of free movement of workers in Switzerland to lower-wage countries in Eastern Europe. It will be an invaluable resource for academics and scholars of geography, anthropology, sociology, and gender and migration.

The latest version of a bestseller, Hazardous Laboratory Chemicals Disposal Guide, Third Edition includes individual entries for over 300 compounds. The extensive list of references has been updated and includes entries for 15 pesticides commonly used in greenhouses. Emphasis is placed on disposal methods that turn hazardous waste material into non-toxic products. These methods fall into several categories, including acid/base neutralization, oxidation or reduction, and precipitation of toxic ions as insoluble solids. The text also provides data on hazardous reactions of chemicals, assisting laboratory managers in developing a plan of action for emergencies such as the spill of any of the chemicals listed.

Social identity research is very much on the ascendancy - particularly in the field of organizational psychology. Reflecting this fact, this volume contains chapters from researchers at the cutting edge of these developments and presents findings from a range of key international research programs. Its seventeen chapters are organized into six sections dealing in turn with the nature of identity, motivation and performance, communication and decision-making, leadership and authority, change and change management, and perceiving and responding to inequity. The chapters address a broad range of topical issues including diversity, discrimination, goal-setting, groupthink, mergers, negotiation, and culture. Not only do they present a compelling framework for theoretical advance in each of these areas, but they also discuss wide-ranging issues of practical intervention and application. The result is a text that will be essential reading for students and researchers in social and organizational psychology, as well as many others who are interested in social identity and group behaviour at work.

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Harry Van Arsdale (1905-1986) was a towering figure in the New York labor scene. After being initiated into the Local 3 International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers in 1925 and becoming its business manager in 1933, Van Arsdale turned the then corrupt and disorganized union into a force to be reckoned with. He became president of the New York City Central Labor Council in 1957, which put him in a position to become a greater influence for labor relations locally and nationally. As business manager and president of these organizations, Van Arsdale advocated and won shorter work days, in order to give more men a chance to work - especially important in the 1930s. He instituted paid vacation, paid holidays, annuity plans, and educational opportunities for union workers - novelties at that time - as well as scholarships for workers' children. His sincere commitment to improving the lives of American workers and their families made him a truly beloved figure. This fascinating memoir traces Van Arsdale's sixty-plus years as a union member and powerful labor figure, and provides colorful details of his many remarkable accomplishments.

Modern technological systems entail risks and uncertainties of hitherto unknown dimensions. This book discusses the construction of risk and safety within a variety of empirical contexts where technologies and their risk are debated and handled by individuals, groups or organizations. With contributions from leading scholars from Europe and the USA, it presents original theoretical discussions, linked to detailed empirical case studies.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203216776

After many years of indifferent decline, trade union membership is now being revitalised. Strategies known as union organizing are being used to recruit and re-energize unions around the globe. This book considers exactly how trade unions are working to do this and provides a much needed evaluation of these rebuilding strategies.
By comparing historical and contemporary case-studies to assess the impact of various organizing campaigns, Union Organizing assess the progress of unions across Europe and America. It raises key debates about the organizing culture and considers the impact of recent union recognition laws on employers and the government's Fairness at Work policy.

This book makes a major contribution to the debate within the UK and abroad on the reality of workplace unionism in an era of change. Drawing on examples of union renewal, the authors present an historical overview, and compare the UK experience with contrasting international examples. It presents both qualitative and quantitative research to provide new and comprehensive evidence on trade union strategies.

eBook available with sample pages: 0203167392

This book takes a critical approach to examining British and Italian occupational health and safety enforcement policies and questions the legal and political principles that underpin them. The book undertakes a comparative critical analysis of these two jurisdictions' health and safety regulatory enforcement practices by focusing on the causes and consequences of the under-criminalisation of these crimes. It explores the fundamentals of these two jurisdictions' criminal justice systems and political practices, policies and traditions and exposes how these translate into pragmatic social inequality and injustice for victims of occupational health and safety crimes and, more generally, citizens. Findings are drawn from qualitative interviews conducted with front line occupational health and safety enforcement officers. This book offers an account of the challenges encountered when attempting to scrutinise public institutions responsible for policing crimes of the powerful. The comparison of the political and criminal justice system practices, polices and traditions of the British and Italian legal systems offer a valuable critical contribution to the anglophone literature on the subject and, more generally, on regulatory enforcement policies and practices.

As the world economy is liberalized, and national economies become more intertwined, the national decision making of states is also increasingly interdependent, and it has become vital for non-governmental organizations to create an international agenda. This title is an important study of what makes such organizations successful on an international level. The focus is on trade unions, as a key international group of NGOs. It asks whether a global system can be designed to stimulate countries to observe a set of minimum or core standards. It explores three important questions: how have unions attempted to influence the debate on the inclusion of minumum labour standards in the WTO agreement?; what accounts for their success or lack of success?; and what conclusions, with respect to the effective behaviour of trade unions in the construction of international policy, can be drawn from these experiences? In exploring these questions the text looks at social clause debates within a number of international bodies: the ILO, OECD and the EU, and within two countries: the USA and India.

Emphasizing important techniques and themes, with due consideration of germane theoretical perspectives and relevant biographical materials, this study offers the most comprehensive, sophisticated examination of Raymond Carver's fiction and poetry to date. Key arguments include:
* a de-emphasis of indeterminacy in Carver's fiction
* a detailed unfolding of his brilliant technique, especially his use of unreliable narration, symbolism, and omission
* a rejection of the notion of Carver as catatonic realist, a reductive view ignoring the poignancy of his fiction
* a consideration of Carver's authorial control of his characters
Most importantly, this study provides the first readily available, detailed, thoughtful analysis of Carver's poetry, arguing for an inclusion of Carver into the canon of postmodern American poets.
Written in straightforward, clear prose, the in-depth readings will help undergraduates immeasurably, while connections of Carver's work to that of other modern and contemporary writers, to carver scholarship, and theories of minimalism, postmodernism, and realism, will interest and assist more advanced readers.

This volume contains a concise history of the board in the USA from its inception in 1935, including an overview of current case law and a bibliographic essay of selected secondary literature.
The book details:
*how to find law review literature on specific cases and aspects of the law
*printed and electronic sources for rulings of the board and courts
*how to find relevant government documents containing information published by and about the board, and sources of manuscript information (unpublished case files, papers of key individuals, etc.).

HAZOP: Guide to Best Practice, 3rd Edition describes and illustrates the HAZOP study method, highlighting a variety of proven uses and approaches. This updated edition brings additional experience with which to assist the reader in delivering optimum safety and efficiency of performance of the HAZOP team. HAZOP is the most widely-used technique in the process industries for the identification of hazards and the planning of safety measures. This book explains how to implement HAZOP techniques in new facilities and apply it to existing facilities. The content covers many of the possible applications of HAZOP and takes you through all the stages of a study. This simple, easily digestible book is a favorite in the chemical and process industries.

Trade union movements in many countries face uncertain futures. After three decades of extensive economic restructuring at both national and international levels, often accompanied by major legislative reforms, the way forward for unions is unclear. Throughout the 1980s and into the 1990s, in most developed economies, union membership declined massively and union leaders and their members lost their former prominence and their place in the polity. Will trade unions be able to re-establish their past salience in the bargaining arena and in the polity? Or, given the uncertainties of internationalized economies and states, will the first decade of this new century see further declines in union strength and power? This book examines these and related questions by exploring the background, current roles and prospects of trade unions in six English-speaking countries.