This incisive book is an indispensable guide to the New York Convention's uniform regime on recognition and enforcement of foreign arbitral awards. Framing the Convention as a uniform law instrument, the book analyses case law from major arbitration jurisdictions to explain its scope of application, the duty to recognize arbitral agreements and awards as well as their limitations, and the procedure and formal requirements for enforcing arbitral awards. Combining insight from arbitration practice with perspectives from private international law, the book underlines the importance of the Convention's foundation in a treaty of international law, arguing that this entails a requirement to interpret the key concepts it sets forth based on international law rules of interpretation. However, it also demonstrates where municipal laws are relevant and discusses the private international law principles through which these instances can be identified. Addressing one of the core treaties of international arbitration, this will be crucial reading for legal practitioners and judges working in the field. It will also prove valuable to scholars and students of commercial and private international law, particularly those focused on cross-border disputes and arbitration.

Transnational corporations (TNCs) have moved to the forefront of regulatory governance both within states and in the international arena. The Research Handbook on Transnational Corporations provides expert background commentary and up-to-date insights into regulatory frameworks impacting on TNCs at global, industry and national levels. Written by global experts in their field, this unique collection of essays provides in-depth understanding of how the forces of globalisation affect the world's largest corporations, and how those corporations, in turn, shape globalisation. Comprehensive yet highly accessible, this is the first major work on the reciprocal impact of TNCs on regulatory processes. The Research Handbook provides guidance on how best to understand the rapidly evolving relationship between TNCs and the processes of treaty making, the formation of global industry standards and the processes of national law making and policy formation (with a focus on resource taxation). Global, industry and national-level case studies are used to explain the basic principles used to support state, private, and international regulatory programs. Delivering both theoretical and practical insights into the regulation of TNCs, this timely and authoritative Research Handbook will be of particular interest to policy makers, industry practitioners and lawyers. Students and academics will also find it to be an invaluable resource. Contributors include: R. Anderson, M. Bowman, L. Cata Backer, A. Chou, A. De Jonge, G. Gilligan, D. Gleeson, M.A. Gonzalez-Perez, V. Harper Ho, J.A. Kirshner, D. Kraal, L. Leonard, R. Lopert, M.E. Monasterio, P. Neuwelt, J. O'Brien, A. Ruhmkorf, R. Tomasic, M. Woersdoerfer

The interaction between climate change and trade has grown in prominence in recent years. This Research Handbook contains authoritative original contributions from leading experts working at the interface between climate change and trade rules. Regional as well as international perspectives are taken into account to inform the complex questions that arise and redirect research efforts towards newly emerging issues. The Research Handbook on Climate Change and Trade Law discusses some of the most important challenges regarding conflicting interests at the intersection of trade, climate change and investment. The insightful chapters map from both regional and global perspectives the state of affairs in such diverse areas as: carbon credits and taxes, sustainable standard-setting, and trade in 'green' goods and services. This timely book redefines the interrelationship of trade and climate change for future scholarship and offers specific suggestions for much-needed research in topics such as energy, carbon taxes and credits, food, standardization, and investment. This Research Handbook will be essential reading for researchers and advanced students in international trade and investment law. It will also be an invaluable resource for practitioners and policymakers in this dynamic and highly significant area of law. Contributors include: M. Alder, P. Arnaiz, S. Bigdeli, J. Chaisse, T. Cottier, P. Delimatsis, A. Dimopoulos, F. Fleurke, A. Gourgourinis, A.H. Lim, J. McMahon, S. Melnyk, J. Munro, K. Nadakavukaren Schefer, R. Partain, T. Payosova, V. Pogoretskyy, D. Ramos, E. Reid, M. Rimmer, L. Tamiotti, J.P. Trachtman, A. vanDuzer, E. Vranes, M. Wu, M. Young, R. Zhang

Gerry Nagtzaam contends that in recent decades neoliberal institutionalist scholarship on global environmental regimes has burgeoned, as has constructivist scholarship on the key role played by norms in international politics. In this innovative volume, the author sets these interest- and norm-based approaches against each other in order to test their ability to illustrate why and how different environmental norms take hold in some regimes and not others. The book explores why some global environmental treaties seek to preserve and protect some parts of nature from human utilization, some seek to conserve certain parts of nature for human development, whilst others allow the reckless exploitation of nature without accounting for the consequences. It tracks the fate of these three underlying environmental norms - preservation, conservation and exploitation - using case studies on whaling, mining in Antarctica and tropical timber. The book illustrates how international political battles to shape environmental regimes inevitably result in clashes between these competing environmental norms. This unique study will prove a fascinating read for both academics and practitioners in the fields of international environmental politics and international environmental law.

The central aim of this insightful book is to illuminate how many concepts in international environmental law such as the precautionary principle and sustainable development are taken for granted. These problematic issues are very much still evolving and subject to heated debate between scholars as well as between states. The author explores these controversies viewing them as a positive development within a field that is in a constant state of flux. Areas discussed include the convergence of human rights with environmental issues and the quest for the human right to a clean environment. The book also clearly demonstrates that international environmental law cannot be analysed in isolation since it greatly influences the development of general international law. Taking full account of the most recent decisions of international courts and tribunals as well as the most up-to-date scholarly analysis, Contemporary Issues in International Environmental Law is a timely and important resource for legal scholars, under- and post-graduates and practitioners alike.

'In international and domestic law water has a widely multifaceted relevance. This book addresses the multifarious water issues from the perspective of a wide range of bodies of law, especially those on foreign investment, international trade and human rights. Its various contributions consistently follow a multi-layered methodological approach encompassing legal, policy, economic, financial, international and comparative domestic analysis. That makes this book a precious tool for international and domestic water policy makers, managers, practitioners and arbitrators.' - Attila M. Tanzi, Bologna University Alma Mater Studiorum, Italy 'Charting the Water Regulatory Future is a multifaceted review of contemporary issues concerning development and conservation of water resources. Divided in three parts, this book contains excellent articles that grapple with salient legal, economic and ethical problems that the world will face in the not-too-distant future.' - Thomas J. Schoenbaum, George Washington University Law School, US Water is an essential resource for mankind, yet many countries around the world are currently facing mounting freshwater management challenges, with climate change and new regional imbalances threatening to aggravate this situation further. This timely book offers a unique interdisciplinary inquiry into the issues and challenges water regulation will face in the coming years. The book brings together economists, political scientists, geographers and legal scholars to offer a number of proposals for the future of water regulation. The contributions in this book are grouped around specific themes. In the Part I, the contributions address the challenges which water poses to public international law. In the Part II, the authors explore the most pressing ethical, legal, and social issues. Finally, the discussion in Part III covers the economic drivers shaping the future of water. This discerning book cov'This book, examining the issues, challenges and directions in water regulation, is very timely. . . (It) contributes to this gigantic endeavour by identifying some of the most pressing legal and economic issues and challenges, and pointing toward some possible future directions. It is written in a technically accurate yet accessible language and will surely prove useful to scholars, policymakers, and practitioners alike.' - Fernando Dias Simoes, European Yearbook of International Economic Law 2018 'In international and domestic law water has a widely multifaceted relevance. This book addresses the multifarious water issues from the perspective of a wide range of bodies of law, especially those on foreign investment, international trade and human rights. Its various contributions consistently follow a multi-layered methodological approach encompassing legal, policy, economic, financial, international and comparative domestic analysis. That makes this book a precious tool for international and domestic water policy makers, managers, practitioners and arbitrators.' - Attila M. Tanzi, Bologna University Alma Mater Studiorum, Italy 'Charting the Water Regulatory Future is a multifaceted review of contemporary issues concerning development and conservation of water resources. Divided in three parts, this book contains excellent articles that grapple with salient legal, economic and ethical problems that the world will face in the not-too-distant future.' - Thomas J. Schoenbaum, George Washington University Law School, US 'This excellent book addresses urgent global water issues: scarcity of clean water as population grows and the climate changes, balancing incentives for investment in infrastructure with human rights to basic needs, jurisdiction and management of international watersheds, and the role of trade and international trade agreements. Individual chapters are sophisticated but accessible and documented rigorously but unobtrusively. The authors are reputed scholars from diverse disciplines, representing a wide range of countries in terms of geography and economic status.' - Alan Randall, The Ohio State University, US and University of Sydney, Australia 'There is no greater challenge in the 21st century than meeting the demand for water amid global climate change. Rapid urbanization, a growing global population projected to hit nine billion in the coming decades, combined with rising demands for water intensive agri-foods, is creating enormous stresses on global water resources. This volume brings together an outstanding collection of global experts to examine the regulatory challenges of water management, addressing topics as diverse as regulating trade in water, global institutions and water conservation, cross border investment in water utilities, as well as ethical, social and legal issues associated with equity and access to water. The volume represents an original and immensely valuable collection of papers for anyone concerned with the future of this most essential resource.' - Darryl Jarvis, Hong Kong Institute of Education 'Pollution, population growth, climate change and regional imbalances make water management a central challenge for governments. New problems about water have arisen, which include inefficient sanitation services, the depletion of groundwater, unstable water supply networks and the use of water carriers. This excellent edited collection brings us a fresh and broad understanding on the future of water regulation from trade, investment, sustainable development, human rights and economics perspectives. This book is highly recommended for anyone interested in international rule-making and regulatory development for public goods in the era of globalization.' - Tsai-yu Lin, National Taiwan University 'Overall, this edited volume has certainly succeeded in analysing a highly technical topic from a wide variety of disciplines and in an array of jurisdictions. Its interdisciplinary nature, together with its consistency and clarity, makes it a welcome and timely addition to the literature. It constitutes a useful reference for both academics and practitioners who seek guidance in the intricate and vitally important realm of water regulation.' - Chinese Journal of Environmental Law ers all of the primary actors in the actors of the water world, including governments, companies, international organizations, and citizens. With an original introduction by the editor and bringing a diverse collection of perspectives into a single collection, the book will be an essential resource for scholars and practitioners in legal and policy fields such as trade and investment, human rights and the environment as well as in international relations. Contributors include: M. Ahmad, T. Ancev, S. Azad, A.P. Barcellos, R. Bates, D. Chakraborty, C. Emeziem, S. Hamamoto, F. Hernandez-Sancho, M. Hirano, J. Lassa, P. Mahadevan, T. McDonnell, S. Mukherjee, S.A. Shah, V.J.M. Tassin, C. Titi, P. Turrini

The Encyclopedia is the definitive reference work on international economic law. This comprehensive resource helps redefine the field by presenting international economic law in its broadest, real-world context. Organized thematically rather than alphabetically, the subject is split into four principal sections: the foundations and architecture of international economic law, its principles, its main regulatory areas, and the future challenges that it faces. Comprising over 250 entries written by leading scholars and practitioners, traditional international economic law subject matter is supplemented by coverage of newly developing areas. Thus, the concepts and rules of trade, investment, finance and international tax law are found alongside entries discussing the relationship of international economic law with environmental protection, social standards, development, and human rights. The concise entries present an accessible and condensed overview of each topic within its legal context. Contributors offer insight into how institutions interact with each other and other legal systems, in addition to providing individual overviews of their history, structure, principles and procedures. Selected references follow each entry, suggesting directions for further detailed exploration of the topic. This Encyclopedia is an invaluable resource for both practitioners and academics. It acts as a handy reference to all areas of international economic law, and provides the ideal starting point for any research journey. Key features: valuable reference tool for scholars, students and practitioners organised thematically, covering newly developing areas of international economic law concise, structured entries from the top experts in the field selected references for further study.

This incisive book provides a comprehensive overview of the WTO dispute settlement practice from 1995 up until the present day, illustrating the need for it to be resurrected from its current state of crisis. By inquiring into the current set-up of WTO adjudication system, the book explores to what extent its original intent has been followed in practice. Its empirical analysis of decades of data regarding the number, duration, and subject matter of dispute adjudications, as well as the frequency of implemented or non-implemented settlements, illuminates the effectiveness of the system and highlights the issues that have led to the WTO's present predicament. Petros C. Mavroidis employs these findings to build a case for the urgent reform of the WTO dispute settlement system by virtue of its accomplishments. He then concludes with a proposal for a reinvigorated "Dispute Settlement Understanding 2.0". The WTO Dispute Settlement System will prove an essential read for students and scholars of WTO law, as well as lawyers, political scientists and policy-oriented economists interested in the WTO dispute settlement system. Its accessible evaluation of the rationale and practice of key provisions of the adjudication regime will also be of benefit to practicing attorneys.

The law on the use of force in relation to the maintenance of international peace remains one of the most important areas of international law and international relations to date. Rather than simply provide another factual account of the law in this area, this detailed and analytical book seeks to explore its normative aspects. Rooted in public international law, the book provides insight into the historical evolution and sociological environment of this particular branch of law. The competences and practice of the UN and of regional organizations in maintaining peace are examined before the focus is shifted to the inter-State level, the main non-use of force rule and its claimed or recognized exceptions. Robert Kolb analyses each of these rules separately, before concluding with insightful reflections on the current state-of-play and considerations for future developments. Inquiring, yet practical, this book will appeal to students and scholars studying both international law and international relations, particularly with regard to peace and conflict. It will also be of interest to government officials working in the field.

Providing up-to-date discussions of both evolving and novel debates in human rights law and humanitarian law, this timely new edition of the Research Handbook on Human Rights and Humanitarian Law complements, rather than replaces, its predecessor with fresh perspectives from leading scholars on the controversial and crucial topics within these fields. Examining the application of international law to armed conflict situations, contributors present contemporary reflections on a variety of issues that have evolved and emerged in recent years. Chapters integrate a multitude of converging and diverging perspectives on international law in armed conflict, giving voice to stakeholders from academic, humanitarian, judicial, and military backgrounds. Grounded in the results from extensive cutting-edge research on various topics pertaining to the interplay between human rights law and humanitarian law, this Research Handbook illuminates the role of international law in topics such as counterterrorism, tribunals, detention and detainee transfer, sexual and gender-based violence, and torture. Breaking down major and recent international and domestic jurisprudence in an accessible format, this Research Handbook will prove invaluable to students and scholars of human rights and international humanitarian law. With practical examples, it will also act as a useful reference guide to practitioners and humanitarian workers in the field.

The Research Handbook on Emissions Trading examines the origins, implementation challenges and international dimensions of emissions trading. It pursues an interdisciplinary approach drawing upon law, economics and, at times, political science, to present relevant research strands in a clear and multifaceted way. Its comprehensive mix of theoretical analysis and experiences from existing trading systems offers insights that can be applied around the world. The expert contributors bring together views from different disciplinary and geographic perspectives. This multifaceted examination of economic and legal origins, implementation problems and the emerging international aspect of emissions trading identifies key bodies of research for both upcoming and seasoned academics in the field and highlights future research opportunities. Its broad and accessible approach touches on climate law, environmental law and environmental governance. This Research Handbook will appeal strongly to academics and postgraduate students, as well as providing valuable insights for regulators, government officials and practitioners who are involved in emissions trading. Contributors include: H. Chen, D.H. Cole, C. de Perthuis, A.F. Gubina, F. Gulli, B. Hinterman, K. Holzer, C. Kettner, E. Kosolapova, A. Nentjes, K. Nield, M. Peeters, R. Pereira, K.S. Rogge, R. Trotignon, A. Tuerk, J. van Zeben

This fully updated second edition of European Competition Law: A Case Commentary explains EU competition law by presenting the relevant legal provisions together with carefully selected case extracts pertaining to those provisions. The selection is based on the interpretative value of the extracts and is limited to the essentials in order to clearly demonstrate how competition rules have been interpreted by the European Commission and the courts. The extracts originate primarily from the decisions of the European Commission and judgments of the Court of Justice of the European Union and the European Court of Human Rights. Key features include:? Updated extracts from newly arisen cases and documents on EU competition law? Article-by-article overview of EU competition law jurisprudence ? Unique structure enabling users to quickly locate decisions and judgments on all relevant procedural and substantive aspects of EU competition law? Concise and judiciously selected extracts from the judgments in the most important and most instructive cases? A nuanced view of competition law rules provided through the use of extracts rather than author analysis, giving practitioners a more contextual insight? Greater number of case extracts than other books, giving a more complete picture of the way rules translate into European jurisprudence. This unique book is designed for everyday use by practitioners and academics who wish to better understand how competition rules are interpreted in practice, and as a starting point for legal analysis. The book also serves as a handy resource on the exact wording of the essential elements of the most important cases. It will appeal not only to practitioners and academics, but also to all competition authorities in Europe. Contributors: J. Derenne, G. van Heezik, M. Johnsson, K. Metzlaff, E. Oude Elferink, A. Pliego Selie, H. Speyart, P.Stauber

Congratulations on an outstanding book on the WTO TBT Agreement! International regulations and standards reflect societies' fundamental choices. Regulating and monitoring them is complex, and the renowned co-authors of this book have well understood the multi-faceted matters at stake. In this book, world experts have seized a unique opportunity provided by the wealth of recent TBT jurisprudence to analyse the different dimensions of the TBT Agreement, a WTO agreement little discussed up to now. WTO experts as well as anyone interested in the reach of WTO law into the balance between national sovereignty and the need for international co-operation must read this book.' - Gabrielle Marceau, WTO, Legal Affairs Division, UNIGE and Graduate Institute, Geneva, SwitzerlandA relatively new frontier for legal and policy analysis, technical barriers to trade (TBT's) have become more common as traditional border barriers have been reduced. This comprehensive Handbook comprises original essays by eminent trade scholars exploring the implications of the WTO's TBT Agreement. The TBT Agreement imposes disciplines on the manner in which WTO member countries adopt and maintain technical measures, recognizing the importance of such measures to advance legitimate domestic policy goals such as health, safety and environmental objectives, but also the potential for technical measures to constitute barriers to trade. The contributors to this volume provide an in-depth examination of the text of the Agreement and how the WTO's dispute settlement system, the TBT Committee, WTO members, and other international organizations have engaged with and been affected by it. The book's comprehensive and accessible approach makes it a first point of reference for all trade law practitioners, policymakers and regulators. For scholars and students, the Handbook will prove essential reading for a deeper understanding of trade law. Contributors: A.E. Appleton, A. Arcuri, M. Cardwell, H. Churchman, M.M. Du, T. Epps, C. Gascoigne, L. Gruszczynski, B. Hazucha, R. Howse, A. Kudryavtsev, P.C. Mavroidis, G. Mayeda, A. Mitchell, D. Prevost, F. Smith, J.P. Trachtman, M.J. Trebilcock, T. Voon, M. Wagner, E.N. Wijkstroem

The centrality of natural resources to global economic growth has placed the debate over their ownership and control at the forefront of legal, territorial and political disputes. Combining both legal and policy expertise with academic and practitioner perspectives this book considers the dimensions of natural resource governance at a time when disputes over their use grow more acute. Focusing on the law, regulation and governance of natural resources, this timely work examines in detail the conflicts and contradictions arising at the intersection between international economic law, sustainable development and other areas of international law, most notably human rights law and environmental law. Exploring the views of different stakeholder groups in the natural resources sectors, key chapters consider whether their differing interests and concerns are adequately addressed under national and international law. This book will appeal to scholars of law, political science and development studies. It will also benefit policy practitioners and advocacy specialists in development NGOs, research institutes and international organisations. Contributors include: S. Adelman, J.P. Bohoslavsky, C. Buggenhoudt, L. Cotula, D. Davitti, J. Faundez, J. Justo, L. Martin, J. McEldowney, S. McEldowney, C. Ochoa, D. Ong, M. Picq, F. Smith, C. Tan, J. Van Alstine, E. Wilson

Through original and incisive contributions from leading scholars, this book applies economics and other rational choice methods to understanding public international law, providing a birds-eye view on some of its most fundamental elements from the perspective of economics. The chapters cover a range of topics, beginning with the building blocks of the nation state, and continuing with the sources and the enforcement of international law and its various applications and extensions. The application of economic analysis to public international law is still in its formative stages, and Economic Analysis of International Law provides a useful overview, as well as setting directions for new research. This volume provides a path through recent literature while identifying new areas and issues for research, making it an invaluable resource for scholars of public international law. Contributors include: A. Bell, T. Broude, B.L. Coggins, T. Ginsburg, A. Guzman, I. Kala, E. Kontorovich, J.D. Morrow, F. Parisi, D. Pi, E. Spolaore, P.B. Stephan, A. van Aaken

Whaling Diplomacy is the only book that addresses all of the substantive issues relating to the conservation of whales through the International Whaling Commission (IWC). It covers the law, policy, science and philosophy at the heart of each element of the debate, discussing how it has developed, the current problems that beset it and what is necessary for the future. Together, all of the issues involved in whaling form a single crucible through which the future of conservation in international environmental law is being debated. The intensity of this debate, despite being at the forefront of international environmental problems for over three decades has not dissipated, as ultimately, the clash of values, science and law within whaling diplomacy is one of the key front lines for international conservation in the 21st century. Studying the contemporary developments in international environmental law and policy, this book therefore is not just about whales, but also how related debates are being reflected in other forums. Students of law, politics, environmental economics and philosophy will find this book of great value for it's cutting-edge relevance over the three disciplines. Policymakers will also find it of interest for the insight into one of the most controversial conservation debates of our time.

Drawing on the expertise and experience of contributors from a wide range of academic, professional and judicial backgrounds, the Research Handbook on the International Penal System critically analyses the laws, policies and practices that govern detention, punishment and the enforcement of sentences in the international criminal justice context. Comprehensive and innovative, it examines the operation of the international penal system, covering pertinent issues such as non-custodial sanctions, monitoring of conditions of detention, the protection of prisoners under international law and the transfer of prisoners. These aspects are presented in a logical order, linking up with the chronological sequence of the international criminal justice process. Far-reaching, this Handbook also explores broader normative questions related to contemporary human rights law, transitional and restorative justice and victim redress, before exploring contemporary and alternative mechanisms for punishing and overseeing punishment, and possible avenues for development. This up-to-date assessment will provide valuable insights for researchers and students of international criminal law and justice, comparative penal law, penology, prisoners' rights and transitional and restorative justice. Its recommendations for development will also interest international and national officials working in criminal law and justice. Contributors: D. Abels, K. Ambos, O. Bekou, S. D Ascoli, T.A. Doherty, M.A. Drumbl, S.A. Fisher, B. Hola, A. Jones, N. Kiefer, C. McCarthy, L. McGregor, R. Mulgrew, J.C. Nemitz, M.M. Penrose, G. Sluiter, S. Snacken, A. Trotter, H. van der Wilt, J. van Wijk, D. van Zyl Smit, R. Young

This book provides a clear and concise explanation of the central principles of international humanitarian law (or the law of armed conflict) while situating them in a broader philosophical, ethical and legal context. The authors consider a range of wider issues relevant to international humanitarian law, including its ethical foundations, relationship to other bodies of international law and contemporary modes of enforcement. This helps to develop a richer context for understanding the law of war and a sound basis for examining the changing nature of contemporary armed conflict. The book also discusses important recent decisions by international courts and tribunals, tracks the historical development of humanitarian principles in warfare and considers the legal position of states, individuals and non-state groups. Principles of International Humanitarian Law is an important resource for students of international humanitarian law and International law academics, as well as international humanitarian law practitioners. Contents: Preface 1. The Concept of Armed Conflict 2. Sources of International Humanitarian Law 3. Means and Methods of Warfare 4. Protection of Civilians 5. Protection of Combatants Hors de Combat 6. Humanitarianism and Human Rights 7. Liability of States and Non-State Groups 8. Liability of Individuals Index

What is international criminal justice? The authors of this book set out a framework for understanding international criminal justice in all its facets. Considering both definition and content, the authors argue for its treatment as a holistic field of study, rather than a by-product of international criminal law. Adopting a multidisciplinary approach, this book draws on a range of legal and extra-legal disciplines. Whilst addressing crucial legal questions throughout, it also considers the role and impact of politics, history, psychology, terrorism, transitioning society, and even the idea of hope in how we understand international criminal justice. Challenging many of the prevalent paradigms of thinking in this area, Gideon Boas and Pascale Chifflet explore whether it is possible to reconcile some of the enduring intellectual conflict, such as whether and how retributive and restorative approaches to justice can co-exist. Written by leading academics who themselves are also practitioners in the field, this unique work performs a significant role in defining and explaining international criminal justice, and as such will be important reading for scholars and practitioners, as well as providing an entry point for students in a classroom environment.

Mega-regionalism in the Asia Pacific has led to the formation of several emerging trade blocs, including the Trans-Pacific Partnership. This book, in addition to the examination of trade policies in the region, offers a comprehensive analysis of ongoing developments such as the impact of new members on the incumbent TPP-12 and its spillover to third parties, as well an objective study of the crucial issues of liberalization of agriculture, pharmaceuticals, and intellectual property rights. Split into three diverse sections, this book is a joint venture of many outstanding scholars in various disciplines, all with expertise in the Asia Pacific's regional affairs. These contributions provide readers with a rigorous assessment of membership enlargement and sectorial liberalization of the TPP as well as the pathways toward region-wide free trade areas. Editor Peter C.Y. Chow includes both an analysis of the trade policies of China and the US and a discussion of the impact of new members on trade complementarity, global value chains, and the US's trade balance. Detailed studies on the effect of Taiwan's membership on the US economy and industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, and service are also explored. This edited volume will attract readers interested in international trade, economic integration, and globalization. Academics and practitioners in geopolitics, geo-economics, and international relations in the Asia Pacific will also be of interest. Contributors include: C. Barfield, T.-J. Cheng, L.-i. Chen Chiu, P.C.Y. Chow, D. Ciuriak, B.-X. Hsu, W.-C. Lee, C.-Y. Liu, A. Somwaru, H. Thompson, F. Tuan, J. Xiao

Environmental taxes differ from each other according to the functions they serve and the manner in which they are implemented. This study highlights the appropriateness of different kinds of environmental taxes against a rigorous framework of theory and case study evidence. The purpose of this book is to analyse the way in which environmental taxes are categorized and which factors affect the effectiveness and efficiency of the different kinds of environmental taxes in practice. This pragmatic approach is emphasized along with the multiplicity of regulatory problems such as: At what level should the environmental tax rate be set? What is the proper time schedule for introducing an environmental tax? What are the most appropriate taxable characteristics and how should they be determined? What activities should be exempt from environmental taxation? How can tax relief be implemented? These are only some of the regulatory problems explored in this study, which also encompasses an examination of the theory of regulation. The author argues that economists have often paid too little attention to the administrative and legal issues concerning the implementation of legislation, such as environmental tax laws, which are of course vital to the success of any potential policy. Lawyers too have in turn neglected the theory of regulation, which would assist in analysing problems in a future-oriented way. Environmental Taxes will therefore be of great interest to a wide audience of environmental economists, law and economics scholars as well as policymakers.