L'opera descrive in maniera semplice e chiara l'occhio, il suo sviluppo, i suoi difetti e le sue malattie. Presenta l'igiene oculare, la protezione dalle radiazioni tossiche e spiega come usare le lenti a contatto e gli occhiali da sole. Il volume offre anche un panorama degli interventi laser e chirurgici di maggior diffusione, che consentira al paziente che si deve fare operare di capire meglio l'atto operatorio e il decorso postoperatorio.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

Get a quick, expert overview of the fast-changing field of perinatal genetics with this concise, practical resource. Drs. Mary Norton, Jeffrey A. Kuller, and Lorraine Dugoff fully cover the clinically relevant topics that are key to providers who care for pregnant women and couples contemplating pregnancy. It's an ideal resource for Ob/Gyn physicians, maternal-fetal medicine specialists, and clinical geneticists, as well as midwives, nurse practitioners, and other obstetric providers. Provides a comprehensive review of basic principles of medical genetics and genetic counseling, molecular genetics, cytogenetics, prenatal screening options, chromosomal microarray analysis, whole exome sequencing, prenatal ultrasound, diagnostic testing, and more. Contains a chapter on fetal treatment of genetic disorders. Consolidates today's available information and experience in this important area into one convenient resource.

Dieser Buchtitel ist Teil des Digitalisierungsprojekts Springer Book Archives mit Publikationen, die seit den Anfangen des Verlags von 1842 erschienen sind. Der Verlag stellt mit diesem Archiv Quellen fur die historische wie auch die disziplingeschichtliche Forschung zur Verfugung, die jeweils im historischen Kontext betrachtet werden mussen. Dieser Titel erschien in der Zeit vor 1945 und wird daher in seiner zeittypischen politisch-ideologischen Ausrichtung vom Verlag nicht beworben.

South Asia Region (SAR) has decreased maternal mortality ratio (MMR) by 65 percent between 1990 and 2013, which was the greatest progress among all world regions. Such achievement implores the question, What made SAR stand out against what is predicted by standard socioeconomic outcomes? Improving Maternal and Reproductive Health in South Asia: Drivers and Enablers identifies the interventions and factors that contributed to reducing MMR and improving maternal and reproductive health (MRH) outcomes in SAR. In this study, the analytical framework assumes that improving MRH outcomes is influenced by a multitude of forces from within and outside the health system and considers factors at the household and community levels, as well as interventions in other sectors and factors in the enabling environment. The analysis is based on a structured literature review of the interventions in SAR countries, relevant international experience, and review of the best available evidence from systematic reviews. The focus of the analysis is mainly on assessing the effectiveness of interventions. The findings from this study indicate that the most effective interventions that prevent maternal mortality are those that address the intra-partum stage - the point where most maternal deaths occur - and include improving skilled birth attendance coverage, increasing institutional delivery rates, and scaling up access to emergency obstetric care. There is also adequate evidence that investing in family planning to increase contraceptive use also played a key role during the inter-partum phase by preventing unwanted pregnancies and thus averting the risk of maternal mortality in SAR countries. Outside the programmatic interventions, the levels of household income, women's education, and completion of secondary education of girls were also strongly correlated with improved MRH outcomes. Also, there is strong evidence that health financing schemes - both demand and supply side - and conditional cash transfer programs were effective in increasing the uptake of MRH services. The study points out to many other interventions with different degrees of effectiveness. The study also identified four major reasons for why SAR achieved this progress in MMR reduction. The best practices and evidence of what works synthesized in this study provide an important way forward for low- and middle-income countries toward achieving the health-related Sustainable Development Goals

There is general consensus regarding threshold levels that describe the gray zone on the limits of viability, and gestational age alone should not be used solely in making a decision. This issue will bring light to the latest thoughts and clinical recommendations for delivery during the periviable period. Top thought leaders and clinicians have submitted articles in the following areas: Consequences of Birth at Periviable Gestions on Organ Systems; Medical and Surgical Interventions Before Birth; NICU Care: Nutrition/NEC; Pulmonary Care and Circulatory Support; NICU Stay and Microbiome; and Ethical Considerations and Counseling, to name a few. Readers will come away with the most current content written on this topic and details that can be incorporated into clinical care.

A generation has passed since a physician first noticed that women who drank heavily while pregnant gave birth to underweight infants with disturbing tell-tale characteristics. Women whose own mothers enjoyed martinis while pregnant now lost sleep over a bowl of rum raisin ice cream. In "Message in a Bottle," Janet Golden charts the course of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) through the courts, media, medical establishment, and public imagination.

Long considered harmless during pregnancy (doctors even administered it intravenously during labor), alcohol, when consumed by pregnant women, increasingly appeared to be a potent teratogen and a pressing public health concern. Some clinicians recommended that women simply moderate alcohol consumption; others, however, claimed that there was no demonstrably safe level for a developing fetus, and called for complete abstinence. Even as the diagnosis gained acceptance and labels appeared on alcoholic beverages warning pregnant women of the danger, FAS began to be de-medicalized in some settings. More and more, FAS emerged in court cases as a viable defense for people charged with serious, even capital, crimes and their claims were rejected.

Golden argues that the reaction to FAS was shaped by the struggle over women's relatively new abortion rights and the escalating media frenzy over "crack" babies. It was increasingly used as evidence of the moral decay found within marginalized communities--from inner-city neighborhoods to Indian reservations. With each reframing, FAS became a currency traded by politicians and political commentators, lawyers, public health professionals, and advocates for underrepresented minorities, each pursuingseparate aims.

Preterm birth interrupts the normal developmental progression of most organs, particularly when birth occurs at the lowest level of viability. An immediate task is to successfully transition to a post-natal life without a placental circulation. To do this demands careful management of the cardiorespiratory systems. To best help the fragile preterm infant at this demanding time, care-givers must remember two most pressing goals. These are first to maintain adequacy of gas exchange and delivery, while simultaneously minimizing any secondary injury to the fragile preterm lung. However, after these immediate priorities in the delivery room, the longer term effects of an immature lung development and its associated problems come to the forefront. These problems include the inflammation of perinatal infection, oxygen, and invasive mechanical ventilation. Both the immaturity itself, and secondary lung injury and its inflammation - collectively will often lead to the condition termed bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Although many of these infants may eventually be discharged to home without a need for oxygen supplementation or pulmonary medications, the long-term impact of interrupted lung development and secondary lung injury remain serious concerns. It is now well recognized that mechanical ventilation is pivotal to developing secondary lung injury and BPD. Consequently, a great deal of time and effort has been put into the development and application of non-invasive ventilator (NIV) approaches to supporting respiratory function in neonates. Since the landmark publication by Gregory and colleagues in 1967, nasal continuous positive airway pressure (nCPAP) has been the most commonly applied approach to NIV. This approach has been supported by the recent generation of randomized controlled trials. However, cumulatively these trials have shown only a small reduction in rates of BPD. Outside of the trial data, despite the wider application of nCPAP, rates of BPD remain relatively unchanged over recent years. This has led to investigations of other NIV approaches including nasal ventilation and high flow nasal cannula therapy. Not only have available modes increased, but so have the interfaces through which these modes may be applied. In the issue of Clinic in Perinatology, readers will find an up-to-date review of non-invasive approaches to supporting preterm respiratory function. This draws on the expertise of leading investigators in the field. This issue reviews the physiologic mechanisms by which the various approaches to NIV may support respiratory function; the evidence base supporting different NIV approaches; and adjunctive aspects of NIV therapy including their use during neonatal transport and the application of other supportive therapies such as inhaled NO.

This handbook addresses universal developmental and cultural factors contributing to child and adolescent mental health and well-being across the globe. It examines sociocultural contexts of development and identifies children's and adolescents' perspectives as critical to understanding and promoting their psychological well-being. It details the Promoting Psychological Well-Being Globally project's methodology for data collection and analysis, provides cross-cultural analyses of its findings, and offers a practical model for clinicians and other professionals seeking to apply this knowledge to real-life settings. Featured topics include: Sexual health, gender roles, and psychological well-being in India. Psychological well-being as a new educational boundary in Italy. Mapping psychological well-being in Romania. Youth perspectives on contributing factors to psychological well-being in Sri Lanka. Culturally specific res ilience and vulnerability in Tanzania.Longing for a balanced life - the voices of Chinese-American/immigrant youth in the United States. The International Handbook of Psychological Well-Being in Children and Adolescents: Bridging the Gaps Between Theory, Research, and Practice is an invaluable resources for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in child and school psychology, social work, public health, positive psychology, educational policy and politics, and maternal and child health.

This handbook addresses universal developmental and cultural factors contributing to child and adolescent mental health and well-being across the globe. It examines sociocultural contexts of development and identifies children's and adolescents' perspectives as critical to understanding and promoting their psychological well-being. It details the Promoting Psychological Well-Being Globally project's methodology for data collection and analysis, provides cross-cultural analyses of its findings, and offers a practical model for clinicians and other professionals seeking to apply this knowledge to real-life settings. Featured topics include: Sexual health, gender roles, and psychological well-being in India. Psychological well-being as a new educational boundary in Italy. Mapping psychological well-being in Romania. Youth perspectives on contributing factors to psychological well-being in Sri Lanka. Culturally specific res ilience and vulnerability in Tanzania.Longing for a balanced life - the voices of Chinese-American/immigrant youth in the United States. The International Handbook of Psychological Well-Being in Children and Adolescents: Bridging the Gaps Between Theory, Research, and Practice is an invaluable resources for researchers, clinicians, scientist-practitioners, and graduate students in child and school psychology, social work, public health, positive psychology, educational policy and politics, and maternal and child health.

This issue of Clinics in Laboratory Medicine, edited by Drs. Anthony Odibo and David A. Krantz, covers issues surrounding Prenatal Screening and Diagnosis. Topics examined in this issue include, but are not limited to: Strategies for Implementing cfDNA Testing; Genetic Counselling for Patients Considering Screening and Diagnosis of Chromosomal Abnormalities; Microdeletions/Duplications; Sex Chromosome Abnormalities; First-, Second- and Third-Trimester Screening for Preeclampsia and Intrauterine Growth Restriction; Biophysicial/Biochemical Screening for the Risk of Preterm Labor; Preimplantation Genetic Testing; Toxoplasmosis, Parvovirus and Cytomegalovirus in Pregnancy; and Sleep Apnea and Adverse pregnancy Outcomes.

The placenta plays an essential role in childbirth. It becomes disposable after the baby is born which makes it the only organ in the human body that serves a vital function and then becomes obsolete. It is an extremely complex piece of biological equipment which allows the mother's and the baby's blood to come into very close contact, without mixing, to supply nutrients and oxygen to the baby, and move waste products like carbon dioxide back from baby to mother. Thus, the placenta acts as the lung, kidney and digestive system for the baby. The placenta also plays an important role in hormone production. Human chorionic gonadotropin is produced by the placenta and can be found in the baby's blood as early as 10 days into pregnancy. The placenta is also responsible for the production of other hormones including oestrogen and progesterone and protects the baby from possible infection or from damage by substances found in the environment or used by the mother, such as alcohol, drugs, pollutants and endocrine disrupters. This book presents the reader with a comprehensive, well written and informative collection of chapters written by experts from around the world. It will be a valuable asset for anyone interested in reproduction and pregnancy and wanting to access excellent reviews as well as the most current discussion of the biology and medicine of the placenta.

Neural Tube Defects (NTDs) are congenital malformations of the central nervous system caused by partial or complete failure of the neural tube to close, within 28 days of conception. They represent the second most frequent cause of congenital abnormality. In this book, the authors discuss the prevalence, pathogenesis and prevention of neural tube defects. Topics include preconception folic acid as a primary prevention tool for NTD and its risk assessment; understanding and preventing folic acid-resistant neural tube defects; knowledge of the cellular mechanisms responsible for normal neural tube formation in comprehending and preventing NTDs; developmental delay in interneuron, motor neuron, sensory tract, and synapse formation in chick spina-bifida; and an examination of whether neural tube defects lead to structural alterations in the urinary and genital organs in human foetuses.

Provide competent and sensitive maternal and newborn nursing care with Clinical Companion for Maternity & Newborn Nursing, 2nd Edition! Ideal for quick reference in the clinical setting, this book offers the information you need on topics such as pregnancy, childbirth, postpartum care, and care of the newborn, including potential complications for each. Expert authors Dr. Shannon E. Perry, Kitty Cashion, Dr. Deitra Leonard Lowdermilk, and Kathryn R. Alden stress the importance of safe nursing practice as outlined in the Quality and Safety Education for Nurses (QSEN) initiative. Teaching for Self-Management boxes offer a guide to communicating follow-up care to patients and their families. Signs of Potential Complications boxes help you recognize the signs and symptoms of complications and provide immediate interventions. Procedure boxes offer easy-to-use, step-by-step instructions for maternity skills and procedures. Emergency boxes may be used for quick reference in critical situations. Nursing Alerts highlight critical information that must be considered when providing care. Medication Guides in an appendix provide a key reference for common drugs and their interactions. Updated content provides the most current practice guidelines, including expanded information on obesity, the late preterm infant, and fetal heart rate pattern identification. Safety Alerts highlight developing competencies related to safe nursing practice in conjunction with the QSEN initiative on quality and safety in nursing care.

This practical book provides comprehensive and up to date information of the detection and management of hypertension in pregnant women. Written especially for those at the fromt end of obstetric management - general practitioners, midwives, and junior hospital doctors - it deals with the essentials in a user friendly format. Chapters include:
Definitions and classifications
Epidemiology
Investigation of pregnancy induced hypertensive disorders
Treatment of hypertension in pregnancy
Prevention of the development of pre-eclampsia
Intensive care of the pre-eclamptic and eclamptic patient
Follow up
Rare causes

All those managing pregnant women need to be alert to the development of hypertension and the concomitant risk of full blown pre-eclampsia. This authoritative handbook is an invaluable aid to both prevention and management of all eventualities.

The fourth edition of this popular resource features step-by-step skill instruction and practice-focused exercises covering maternal and fetal evaluation and immediate newborn care. Developed by a distinguished editorial board, the Perinatal Continuing Education Program (PCEP) is a comprehensive, self-paced education program in 4 volumes. This book features 8 units covering information and skills for obstetric evaluation and neonatal resuscitation (consistent with AAP guidelines) as well as units to provide the necessary information for initial stabilization of a newborn. The neonatal resuscitation unit has been updated to reflect the new NRP (R), 8th Edition, guidelines. TOPICS INCLUDE Is the Mother Sick? Is the Fetus Sick? Fetal Age, Growth, and Maturity Fetal Well-being Is the Baby Sick? Recognizing and Preventing Problems in the Newborns Pulse Oximetry Resuscitating the Newborn Gestational Age- and Size-Associated Risk Factors Thermal Environment Hypoglycemia Blood Glucose Screenings And more...

An A-Z practical guide on the pharmacology and toxicology of pregnancy and nursing

"Medication Safety in Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: The Evidence-Based, A-to-Z Clinician's Pocket Guide" gives you comprehensive, authoritative coverage on the effects of prescription and over-the-counter drugs as well as herbals, chemicals, and radiologicals, on the mother, fetus, and nursing child. Organized A-Z for ease of use, this hands-on resource also includes evidence-based recommendations from the renowned Motherisk Program at the Hospital for Sick Children in Toronto.

The stimulus of this study was the question as to whether current program strategies can reduce maternal mortality quicker than in the historically successful countries for Malaysia and Sari Lanka. Through cases studies, research and analysis of extent data of safe motherhood programs in seven countries, the answer is yes: lessons learned concern six factors associated with recent success in reducing maternal mortality. This book provides a thorough analysis of factors reducing maternal mortality through three retrospective case studies in China, Honduras and Zimbabwe; and four research studies in Bolivia, Egypt, Indonesia, and Jamaica. Reduction of maternal mortality has now become an explicit focus of many programs. Where such is targeted, and strategies adapted to address the local barriers to move women into appropriate care for birth has resulted, this has impacted on the reported maternal mortality.

This comprehensive book thoroughly addresses common clinical challenges in newborns, providing an evidence-based, step-by-step approach for their diagnosis and management. Common Problems in the Newborn Nursery is designed to be an easy-to-use, practical guide, covering a full range of clinical dilemmas: bacterial and viral infections, jaundice, hypoglycemia, hypotonia, nursery arrhythmia, developmental dysplasia of the hips, newborn feeding, cardiac problems, late preterm infants, dermatology, anemia, birth injuries, ocular issues, as well as hearing assessments in the newborn. Written by experts in their fields, each chapter begins with a clinical case presentation, followed by a discussion of potential treatment and management decisions and various differential diagnosis. Correct responses will then be explained and supported by evidence-based literature, teaching readers how to discern the normal from the abnormal, the emergent from the non-emergent, and how to make decisions concerning diagnosis encountered on a daily basis. While this guide is directed towards health care providers such as pediatricians, primary care physicians, and nurse practitioners who treat newborns in the general nursery, this book will also serve as a useful resource for anyone interested in working with this vulnerable patient population, from nursing and medical students, to nurses, and residents in pediatrics or family practice.

This handy pocket atlas is a complete and convenient guide to the normal sonographic appearances of the embryo and fetus and its uterine environment. The book equips practitioners with the thorough knowledge of normal fetal anatomy that is essential for the timely recognition of abnormalities.The images in this atlas were produced with state-of-the-art high-resolution ultrasound imaging systems and depict a spectrum of normal anatomy encountered during pregnancy. The book begins with the fetal environment (including the cervix, uterus, placenta, and umbilical cord), progresses through successive embryonic stages, and then examines fetal organ systems. The appendix provides a set of basic biometry tables for convenient daily use.

In consultation with Consulting Editor, Dr. Lucky Jain, Drs. Jonathan M. Davis and Errol R. Norwitz have put together a state-of the-art issue of the Clinics in Perinatology devoted to Perinatal Pharmacology. Clinical review articles are specifically devoted to the following: Drugs for the prevention and treatment of preterm labor; Drugs for the prevention and treatment of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy; Drugs to promote neuroprotection; Medications that cause fetal anomalies and possible prevention strategies; Safety and efficacy of psychotropic medications during pregnancy; Treatment of viral infections during pregnancy (HIV, herpes, CMV, hepatitis C); Drugs to control diabetes during pregnancy; Cardiotonic drugs; Drugs to treat coagulation disorders in the newborn; Drugs for the prevention and treatment of bronchopulmonary dysplasia; Drugs for the prevention and treatment of neonatal brain injury; Drugs for the prevention and treatment of sepsis in the newborn; Analgesia, opioids and other drug use during pregnancy and Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome; Medications and breast feeding; Principles of pharmacokinetics in the pregnant woman and fetus; and Challenges in designing clinical trials to test new drugs in the pregnant woman and fetus. Readers will come away with the latest information on therapeutics as they seek to utilize evidence-based recommendations to improve patient outcomes.

It sounds simple: Women who drink while pregnant may give birth to children with defects, so women should not drink during pregnancy. Yet in the 20 years since it was first described in the medical literature, fetal alcohol syndrome (FAS) has proved to be a stubborn problem, with consequences as serious as those of the more widely publicized "crack babies." This volume discusses FAS and other possibly alcohol-related effects from two broad perspectives: diagnosis and surveillance, and prevention and treatment. In addition, it includes several real-life vignettes of FAS children. The committee examines fundamental concepts for setting diagnostic criteria in general, reviews and updates the diagnostic criteria for FAS and related conditions, and explores current research findings and problems associated with FAS epidemiology and surveillance. In addition, the book describes an integrated multidisciplinary approach to research on the prevention and treatment of FAS. The committee: Discusses levels of preventive intervention. Reviews available data about women and alcohol abuse and treatment among pregnant women. Explores the psychological and behavioral consequences of FAS at different ages. Examines the current state of knowledge about medical and therapeutic interventions, education efforts, and family support programs. This volume will be of special interest to physicians, nurses, mental health practitioners, school and public health officials, policymakers, researchers, educators, and anyone else involved in serving families and children, especially in high risk populations. Table of Contents Front Matter Executive Summary 1 Introduction 2 Issues in Research on Fetal Drug Effects 3 Vignettes 4 Diagnosis and Clinical Evaluation of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 5 Epidemiology and Surveillance of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 6 Epidemiology of Women's Drinking 7 Prevention of Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 8 The Affected Individual: Clinical Presentation, Intervention, and Treatment 9 Integration and Coordination: A Concluding Comment and Recommendation Appendix: Biographies Index