System-Level Design Techniques for Energy-Efficient Embedded Systems addresses the development and validation of co-synthesis techniques that allow an effective design of embedded systems with low energy dissipation. The book provides an overview of a system-level co-design flow, illustrating through examples how system performance is influenced at various steps of the flow including allocation, mapping, and scheduling. The book places special emphasis upon system-level co-synthesis techniques for architectures that contain voltage scalable processors, which can dynamically trade off between computational performance and power consumption. Throughout the book, the introduced co-synthesis techniques, which target both single-mode systems and emerging multi-mode applications, are applied to numerous benchmarks and real-life examples including a realistic smart phone.

For courses in 8051 Microcontrollers and Embedded Systems The 8051 Microprocessor: A Systems Approach emphasizes the programming and interfacing of the 8051. Using a systematic, step-by-step approach, the text covers various aspects of 8051, including C and Assembly language programming and interfacing. Throughout each chapter, examples, sample programs, and sectional reviews clarify the concepts and offer students an opportunity to learn by doing.

This book puts the spotlight on how a real-time kernel works using Micrium's C/OS-III as a reference. The book consists of two complete parts. The first describes real-time kernels in generic terms. Part II provide examples for the reader, using the Inineon XMC4500. Together with the IAR Systems Embedded Workbench for ARM development tools, the evaluation board provides everything necessary to enable the reader to be up and running quickly, as well as a fun and educational experience, resulting in a high-level of proficiency in a short time. This book is written for serious embedded systems programmers, consultants, hobbyists, and students interested in understanding the inner workings of a real-time kernel. C/OS-III is not just a great learning platform, but also a full commercial-grade software package, ready to be part of a wide range of products. C/OS-III is a highly portable, ROMable, scalable, preemptive real-time, multitasking kernel designed specifically to address the demanding requirements of today's embedded systems. C/OS-III is the successor to the highly popular C/OS-II real-time kernel but can use most of C/OS-II's ports with minor modifications. Some of the features of C/OS-III are: Preemptive multitasking with round-robin scheduling of tasks at the same priority Unlimited number of tasks and other kernel objects Rich set of services: semaphores, mutual exclusion semaphores with full priority inheritance, event flags, message queues, timers, fixed-size memory block management, and more. Built-in performance measurements

Processor Design provides insight into a number of different flavors of processor architectures and their design, software tool generation, implementation, and verification. After a brief introduction to processor architectures and how processor designers have sometimes failed to deliver what was expected, the authors introduce a generic flow for embedded on-chip processor design and start to explore the vast design space of on-chip processing. The types of processor cores covered include general purpose RISC cores, traditional DSP, a VLIW approach to signal processing, processor cores that can be customized for specific applications, reconfigurable processors, protocol processors, Java engines, and stream processors. Co-processor and multi-core design approaches that deliver application-specific performance over and above that which is available from single-core designs are also described.

This is a milestone in machine-assisted microprocessor verification. Gordon [20] and Hunt [32] led the way with their verifications of sim ple designs, Cohn [12, 13] followed this with the verification of parts of the VIPER microprocessor. This work illustrates how much these, and other, pioneers achieved in developing tractable models, scalable tools, and a robust methodology. A condensed review of previous re search, emphasising the behavioural model underlying this style of verification is followed by a careful, and remarkably readable, ac count of the SECD architecture, its formalisation, and a report on the organisation and execution of the automated correctness proof in HOL. This monograph reports on Graham's MSc project, demonstrat ing that - in the right hands - the tools and methodology for formal verification can (and therefore should?) now be applied by someone with little previous expertise in formal methods, to verify a non-trivial microprocessor in a limited timescale. This is not to belittle Graham's achievement; the production of this proof, work ing as Graham did from the previous literature, goes well beyond a typical MSc project. The achievement is that, with this exposition to hand, an engineer tackling the verification of similar microprocessor designs will have a clear view of the milestones that must be passed on the way, and of the methods to be applied to achieve them.

For introductory-level Microprocessor courses in the departments of Electronic Engineering Technology, Computer Science, or Electrical Engineering. The INTEL Microprocessors: 8086/8088, 80186/80188, 80286, 80386, 80486, Pentium, Pentium Pro Processor, Pentium II, Pentium III, Pentium 4, and Core2 with 64-bit Extensions, 8e provides a comprehensive view of programming and interfacing of the Intel family of Microprocessors from the 8088 through the latest Pentium 4 and Core2 microprocessors. The text is written for students who need to learn about the programming and interfacing of Intel microprocessors, which have gained wide and at times exclusive application in many areas of electronics, communications, and control systems, particularly in desktop computer systems. A major new feature of this eighth edition is an explanation of how to interface C/C++ using Visual C++ Express (a free download from Microsoft) with assembly language for both the older DOS and the Windows environments. Many applications include Visual C++ as a basis for learning assembly language using the inline assembler. Updated sections that detail new events in the fields of microprocessors and microprocessor interfacing have been added. Organized in an orderly and manageable format, this text offers more than 200 programming examples using the Microsoft Macro Assembler program and provides a thorough description of each of the Intel family members, memory systems, and various I/O systems.

Contains a disk of all the example problems included in the book Embedded systems are altering the landscape of electronics manufacturing worldwide, giving many consumer products sophisticated capabilities undreamt of even a few years ago. The explosive proliferation of built-in computers and the variety of design methods developed in both industry and academia necessitates the sort of pragmatic guidance offered in Embedded Systems Design with 8051 Microcontrollers. This enormously practical reference/text explains the developments in microcontroller technology and provides lucid instructions on its many and varied applications-focusing on the popular 8-bit microcontroller, the 8051, and the 83C552. Outlines a systematic methodology for design of small-scale, control-dominated embedded systems Including end-of-chapter problems that reinforce essential concepts and end-of-chapter references with URLs, Embedded Systems Design with 8051 Microcontrollers reviews basic concepts, from logic gates to Internet appliances considers 8051 and 83C552 microcontrollers as parallel running processors and embedded peripherals introduces a coherent taxonomy and symbols for microcontroller flags provides a succession of assembly language examples such as electromechanical and digital clocks examines digital interfacing at two hierarchical levels: interface to typical system components and interaction with the outside world covers applications of analog interfacing, from elementary forms to advanced designs for speech machines discusses serial interfaces suitable for distributed embedded systems demonstrates the transition from classical design approaches to the hardware-software codesign with case studies of a simplified EPROM programmer and an EPROM emulator and more Profusely illustrated with over 250 drawings and diagrams, this state-of-the-art resource is a must-read reference for electrical, electronics, computer, industrial, and

For the near future, the recent predictions and roadmaps of silicon semiconductor technology all agree that the number of transistors on a chip will keep growing exponentially according to Moore's Law, pushing technology towards the system-on-a-chip (SOC) era. However, we are increasingly experiencing a productivity gap where the chip complexity that can be handled by current design teams falls short of the possibilities offered by technological advances. Together with growing time-to-market pressures, this drives the need for innovative measures to increase design productivity by orders of magnitude. It is commonly agreed that the solutions for achieving such a leap in design productivity lie in a shift of the focus of the design process to higher levels of abstraction on the one hand and in the massive reuse of predesigned, complex system components (intellectual property, IP) on the other hand. In order to be successful, both concepts eventually require the adoption of new languages and methodologies for system design, backed-up by the availability of a corresponding set of system-level design automation tools. This book presents the SpecC system-level design language (SLDL) and the corresponding SpecC design methodology. The SpecC language is intended for specification and design of SOCs or embedded systems including software and hardware, whether using fixed platforms, integrating systems from different IPs, or synthesizing the system blocks from programming or hardware description languages. SpecC Specification Language and Methodology describes the SpecC methodology that leads designers from an executable specification to an RTL implementation through a well-defined sequence of steps. Each model is described and guidelines are given for generating these models from executable specifications. Finally, the SpecC methodology is demonstrated on an industrial-size example. The design community is now entering the system level of abstraction era and SpecC is the enabling element to achieve a paradigm shift in design culture needed for system/product design and manufacturing. SpecC Specification Language and Methodology will be of interest to researchers, designers, and managers dealing with system-level design, design flows and methodologies as well as students learning system specification, modeling and design.

This book features a systematic description of microelectronic device design ranging from the basics to current topics, such as low-power/ultralow-voltage designs including subthreshold current reduction, memory subsystem designs for modern DRAMs and various on-chip supply-voltage conversion techniques. It also covers process and device issues as well as design issues relating to systems, circuits, devices and processes, such as signal-to-noise and redundancy.

Learn the essentials of Networking and Embedded TCP/IP stacks. Part I of this comprehensive book provides a thorough explanation of Micri m's C/TCP-IP stack including its implementation and usage. Part II describes practical, working applications for embedded medical devices built on C/OS-III, C/TCP-IP and Freescale's TWR-K53N512 medical board (ARM Cortex -M4) using IAR developments tools. Each of the included examples feature hands-on working projects, which allow you to get your application running quickly, and can serve as a reference design to develop an embedded system connected to the Internet of Things. This book is the perfect complement to C/OS-III: The Real-Time Kernel for the ARM Cortex -M4 by Jean Labrosse (ISBN 978-0-9823375-2-3), as it uses the same medical application examples but connects them via TCP/IP. This book is written for serious embedded systems programmers, consultants, hobbyists, and students interested in understanding the inner workings of a TCP/IP stack. C/TCP-IP is more than just a great learning platform. It is a full commercial-grade software package, ready to serve as the foundation for a wide range of products. Some of the key topics covered in this book are: Ethernet technology and device drivers IP connectivity Client and Server architecture Socket programming UDP and TCP performance tuning

This book is a collection of some of the invited talks presented at the international meeting held at the Max Planck Institut fuer Physik Komplexer Systeme, Dresden, Germany during August 6-30, 2001, on the rapidly developing field of nanoscale science in science and bio-electronics Semiconductor physics has experienced unprecedented developments over the second half of the twentieth century. The exponential growth in microelectronic processing power and the size of dynamic memorie has been achieved by significant downscaling of the minimum feature size. Smaller feature sizes result in increased functional density, faster speed, and lower costs. In this process one is reaching the limits where quantum effects and fluctuations are beginning to play an important role.
"This book reflects the achievements of the present times and future directions of research on nanoscopic dimensions."

Focusing on resource awareness in field-programmable gate array (FPGA) design, Applications of Field-Programmable Gate Arrays in Scientific Research covers the principle of FPGAs and their functionality. It explores a host of applications, ranging from small one-chip laboratory systems to large-scale applications in "big science." The book first describes various FPGA resources, including logic elements, RAM, multipliers, microprocessors, and content-addressable memory. It then presents principles and methods for controlling resources, such as process sequencing, location constraints, and intellectual property cores. The remainder of the book illustrates examples of applications in high-energy physics, space, and radiobiology. Throughout the text, the authors remind designers to pay attention to resources at the planning, design, and implementation stages of an FPGA application, in order to reduce the use of limited silicon resources and thereby reduce system cost. Supplying practical know-how on an array of FPGA application examples, this book provides an accessible overview of the use of FPGAs in data acquisition, signal processing, and transmission. It shows how FPGAs are employed in laboratory applications and how they are flexible, low-cost alternatives to commercial data acquisition systems. Web Resource A supporting website at http: //scipp.ucsc.edu/hartmut/FPGA offers more details on FPGA programming and usage. The site contains design elements of the case studies from the book, including VHDL code, detailed schematics of selected projects, photographs, and screen shots.

This second edition of Real-Time Embedded Multithreading contains the fundamentals of developing real-time operating systems and multithreading with all the new functionality of ThreadX Version 5. ThreadX has been deployed in approximately 500 million devices worldwide. General concepts and terminology are detailed along with problem solving of common pitfalls and problems. The features and services of ThreadX are reviewed. The references to a specific processor have been removed to allow for the book to be technology agnostic and applicable to all types of microprocessors that the reader may be working with. Two e-book supplements will be available with registration of your book at www.newnespress.com, the first on ARM processors and the second, ColdFire processors.

'This is an excellent reference book for graduates or undergraduates studying semiconductor technology, or for working professionals who need a reference for detailed theory and working knowledge of processes in the field of power semiconductor devices.'IEEE Electrical Insulation MagazineThis descriptive textbook provides a clear look at the theories and process technologies necessary for understanding the modern power semiconductor devices, i.e. from the fundamentals of p-n junction electrostatics, unipolar MOSFET and superjunction structures, bipolar IGBT, to the most recent wide bandgap SiC and GaN devices. It also covers their associated semiconductor process technologies. Real examples based on actual fabricated devices, with the process steps described in clear detail are especially useful. This book is suitable for university courses on power semiconductor or power electronic devices. Device designers and researchers will also find this book a good reference in their work, especially for those focusing on the advanced device development and design aspects.

This lucid, accessible reference/text concentrates on the fundamentals of protective relaying and provides lasting information written in precise, intelligible language. Supplies an encyclopedic bibliography listing many recent professional papers useful to the relay engineer Stressing simplicity and root technology rather than more recent refinements, Pilot Protective Relaying describes the relative qualities of modern transmission line systems covers communications channels explores three-terminal applications details program design for microprocessor relays analyzes single-pole relaying explains how to protect lines equipped with series capacitors includes information on substation automation considers the nature of Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) summarizes substation information management spotlights digital fault recording discusses the influence of mutual, ccvt transients, channel problems, power system swings, evolving faults, and ct saturation on transmission line relaying systems and more Preserving the wisdom of generations of practicing engineers and containing the basic principles of protective relaying and substation control, Pilot Protective Relaying is a key reference for protective relaying, electrical and electronics, power, high-voltage, electrical-power, transmission and distribution, and industrial engineers; and power system researchers and technicians; and the text of choice for students and professionals enrolled in upper-level undergraduate and graduate courses, continuing-education programs, and professional seminars in these disciplines.

Over the past 20 years, software architectures have significantly contributed to the development of complex and distributed systems. Nowadays, it is recognized that one of the critical problems in the design and development of any complex software system is its architecture, i.e. the organization of its architectural elements. Software Architecture presents the software architecture paradigms based on objects, components, services and models, as well as the various architectural techniques and methods, the analysis of architectural qualities, models of representation of architectural templates and styles, their formalization, validation and testing and finally the engineering approach in which these consistent and autonomous elements can be tackled.

This book is a collection of projects based around various microcontrollers from the PIC family. The reader is carefully guided through the book, from very simple to more complex projects in order to gradually build their knowledge about PIC microcontrollers and digital electronics in general. On completion of this book, the reader should be able to design and build their own projects and solve other practical problems in digital electronics.

Many books in this area are theory based and can tend toward being overly explanatory in their approach to the subject. Courses are moving towards being more practically oriented and this book provides the ideal companion to students completing projects with PIC microcontrollers.

A hands-on guide to writing a Message Passing Interface, this book takes the reader on a tour across major MPI implementations, best optimization techniques, application relevant usage hints, and a historical retrospective of the MPI world, all based on a quarter of a century spent inside MPI. Readers will learn to write MPI implementations from scratch, and to design and optimize communication mechanisms using pragmatic subsetting as the guiding principle. Inside the Message Passing Interface also covers MPI quirks and tricks to achieve best performance. Dr. Alexander Supalov created the Intel Cluster Tools product line, including the Intel MP Library that he designed and led between 2003 and 2015. He invented the common MPICH ABI and also guided Intel efforts in the MPI Forum during the development of the MPI-2.1, MPI-2.2, and MPI-3 standards. Before that, Alexander designed new finite-element mesh-generation methods, contributing to the PARMACS and PARASOL interfaces, and developed the first full MPI-2 and IMPI implementations in the world. He graduated from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology in 1990, and earned his PhD in applied mathematics at the Institute of Numerical Mathematics of the Russian Academy of Sciences in 1995. Alexander holds 26 patents (more pending worldwide).

Reconfigurable computing techniques and adaptive systems are some of the most promising architectures for microprocessors. Reconfigurable and Adaptive Computing: Theory and Applications explores the latest research activities on hardware architecture for reconfigurable and adaptive computing systems. The first section of the book covers reconfigurable systems. The book presents a software and hardware codesign flow for coarse-grained systems-on-chip, a video watermarking algorithm for the H.264 standard, a solution for regular expressions matching systems, and a novel field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based acceleration solution with MapReduce framework on multiple hardware accelerators. The second section discusses network-on-chip, including an implementation of a multiprocessor system-on-chip platform with shared memory access, end-to-end quality-of-service metrics modeling based on a multi-application environment in network-on-chip, and a 3D ant colony routing (3D-ACR) for network-on-chip with three different 3D topologies. The final section addresses the methodology of system codesign. The book introduces a new software-hardware codesign flow for embedded systems that models both processors and intellectual property cores as services. It also proposes an efficient algorithm for dependent task software-hardware codesign with the greedy partitioning and insert scheduling method (GPISM) by task graph.