Mining in Cornwall and Devon is an economic history of mines, mineral ownership, and mine management in the South West of England. The work brings together material from a variety of hard-to-find sources on the thousands of mines that operated in Cornwall and Devon from the late 1790s to the present day. It presents information on what they produced and when they produced it; who the owners and managers were and how many men, women and children were employed. For the mine owners, managers and engineers, it also offers a guide to their careers outside the South West, in other mining districts across Britain and the world. A long section on the Duchy of Cornwall provides details of the Duchy's role as the largest mineral owner in the South West, and of the modernisation and changing administration of the Stannaries. The printed book provides a guide to the sources, their interpretation and how they illustrate the long-term development and decline of the industry; the composite mine-by-mine tables are presented on an interactive CD included free with the book.

The strong community ties of mining villages are the central concern of this book, which deals with the social history and sociology of mining in County Durham in the twentieth century. Focusing on the country as a whole, this title, first published in 1978, asks what is most distinctive about the area in the past and how it is changing in the present. The personal documents presented in the first chapters of the book bring to life the local mining community with an evocative picture of village life at the turn of the century. These first-hand accounts are integrated with the results of social research carried out at Durham University over a number of years. Mining and Social Change will be of interest to students of history and sociology.

Between 1849 and 1853 shares in nearly 120 public companies to exploit the booming goldfields of California and Australia were offered to the British public. The companies were collectively capitalised at over AGBP15 million, but in the end only some AGBP1.75 million was actually raised between 42 of them, with only one company surviving what the newspapers of the day described as a 'gold bubble'. This book provides an overview of the entire bubble event, its antecedents and its outcomes. A number of researchers have investigated an earlier boom in the mid-1820s to reopen gold and silver mines in Latin America and several have studied individual company operations of that period. This is the first detailed investigation of the British gold bubble companies of the 1850s and their involvement in the almost simultaneous gold rushes on both sides of the Pacific Ocean.

First published in 1991. The experiential base from which this book is written the author's seminar for psychiatric residents which emphasizes that self-disclosure with colleagues is an important aspect of becoming a therapist. The ability to look at and listen to one's own work along with one's peers is important in the maturation process. In order to construct a context in which it is possible to learn from each other, I share many of my own psychotherapeutic experiences. More than this, however, Lewis shares personal experiences when they seem appropriate to the teaching-learning process.

Construction and demolition debris (CDD) and gypsiferous soils contain elevated concentrations of sulfate which can cause several environmental and agricultural problems. Reduction of the sulfate content of CDD and gypsiferous soils is an option to overcome these problems. This study aimed to develop sulfate removal systems either by biological or chemical processes to reduce the sulfate content of CDD and gypsiferous soils in order to decrease the amount of solid wastes and to improve the quality of CDD and soils for recycling purposes or agricultural applications. The treatment concept leaches the gypsum contained in the CDD by water. The sulfate containing leachate is further treated and reused in the leaching step. A mixture of cheap organic materials can be utilized as electron donor for the biological sulfate reduction step, especially in gypsiferous soils treatment. The sulfide containing effluent from the bioreactor can be removed by electrochemical sulfide oxidation system.

This book covers innovative technologies and approaches for improvement of technical and economic parameters of functional geotechnical systems. The focus is on mathematical modelling of objects and processes, as well as the development of techniques and their control algorithms. The book comprises schemata of practical tasks solving related to mine ventilation and electrical circuit operation, cutter-loaders and mining electrical vehicles. It also demonstrates possible applications of hybrid technologies and IT-methods to the work of geotechnical systems. Implementation of methods and technologies presented in the book will allow to reduce energy resources consumption of geotechnical systems, and to enhance environmental and economic parameters of their operation, being one of the essential conditions for sustainable development in modern society. The book is particular of interest to technical specialists, researchers, students and university teachers, whose work is connected to the improvement of efficiency of geotechnical systems.

Railway Transportation Systems covers the entire range of railway passenger systems, from conventional and high-speed intercity systems to suburban, regional, operating on steep gradients, and urban ones. It also examines in depth freight railway systems transporting conventional loads, heavy loads, and dangerous goods. For each system, the text provides a definition; an overview of its evolution and examples of good practice; the main design, construction, and operational characteristics; and the preconditions for its selection. Additionally, it offers a general overview of safety, interfaces with the environment, forces acting on the track, and techniques that govern the stability and guidance of railway vehicles. This new edition brings two new chapters. One concerns pre-feasibility studies of urban rail projects, and the other analyses the operation of railway systems under specific weather conditions and natural phenomena. New material examines dilemmas, trends and innovations in rail freight transportation; a new definition for high-speed rail; a number of case studies; and an update of cutting-edge technologies. It is ideal for graduate students, engineers, consultants, manufacturers, and transport company executives who need a reference and guide.

This book explores how bauxite mining has affected local and national political dynamics in Guinea over the past 55 years, providing an overview of mining interactions with social, economic and political spheres. Guinea is amongst the world's top producers of bauxite, and the country's rich mineral presence has numerous implications on local communities and national policy. Guinea is an interesting and highly relevant case study in assessing the impact of bauxite mining on regime stability and social insecurity. The author offers a clear understanding of the role of mining during the Toure and Conte regimes and analyses how changes since the election of Conde in 2010 have affected the socio-political and economic development of Guinea. The author also offers analysis on how bauxite mining has led to the emergence of new forms of social contracts, sustained by mining companies instead of the state. Finally, the book argues that understanding the stabilising and destabilising potential of mining is key to ensuring long-term, sustainable, stable and inclusive growth of mineral-resource-rich countries. The book concludes by highlighting the relevance of the findings in Guinea for the wider African extractives sector. The book will be of interest to a wide range of scholars, including those working in the areas of African studies, political science, political economy, sustainable development and corporate social responsibility. The book will be relevant for academics, business actors, NGOs, policy-makers and students interested in the African mining sector.

On 16 August 2012, the South African police shot dead thirty-four men and injured hundreds more, bringing to an end a week-long strike at the Lonmin platinum mine in Marikana. None of the murdered people posed a threat to any police officer. Existing studies of this nation-shaping and internationally significant event have often overlooked the experiences and perspectives of the striking miners themselves. Now, for the first time, the men’s lives – and deaths – are put at the centre of the story.

Placing the strike in the context of South Africa’s long history of racial and economic exclusion, explaining how the miners came to be in Marikana, how their lives were ordinarily lived and the substance of their complaints, Julian Brown shows how the strike developed from an initial gathering into a mass movement of more than 3,000 workers. Drawing on interviews with strikers and their families, he tells the stories of those who embarked on the strike, those who were killed, and the attempts of the families of the deceased to identify and bury their dead.

Brown also provides a comprehensive review of the subsequent Commission of Inquiry and points to the politics of solidarity with the Marikana miners that have emerged since.

Includes a free CD containing the full contents of the book. The rammed earth technique, in all its variants, is widespread all over the world. This enormously prevalent building technique harbours an important richness of varieties both in application and in materials used. Interventions on historical rammed earth buildings have also been carried out in all the geographical areas where these structures are found. This historical heritage has undergone diverse forms of reconstruction, conservation, repair, substitution and/or structural consolidation. The different criteria applied require different techniques, materials or forms of intervention. The results of the interventions have also been manifold, both in terms of the impact on the building and the technical and material durability. With a view to these issues, this book deals with rammed earth architecture and its restoration, and, in a more general sense, with the construction techniques and restoration of all earthen structures. Rammed Earth Conservation will be a valuable source of information for academics and professionals in the fields of Civil Engineering, Construction and Building Engineering and Architecture.

Minerals and mining are key to the world economy. The mining and processing of minerals are major sources of income and employment in some states. Minerals are used to make goods, materials and energy which are essential to people and economies worldwide. The exploration and exploitation of minerals, and related technical, commercial and legal matters, are continuously developing. They are affected by scientific and technological advances, and by increasing legal and other requirements. Such requirements relate to health, safety, the environment, climate change and social responsibility, and to a balanced distribution of risks, costs and benefits between mining companies, public authorities and local communities. This practical handbook describes the main regulations and agreements on minerals and mining activities in a number of significant mining nations. Each chapter - written by leading professionals in the field, including from Allen & Overy, SNR Denton and Webber Wentzel - covers the same topics for ease of reference. Topics featured include international and national regulations and agreements on minerals and mining; legal instruments such as licences, concessions, production sharing agreements and mining development agreements; mining projects and related agreements and financing; mining management and operating agreements; sale and purchase of mining assets; mineral trading; environmental protection and liability; social responsibility; taxation and government take. Minerals and Mining: A Practical Global Guide provides a practical insight into the regulations and agreements on minerals and mining for practitioners in the field, including lawyers, commercial managers, advisers, engineers and financiers.

This collection of papers on research into and management of underground structures in salt formations represents the state-of-the-art on applications of salt mechanics in mines and storage caverns for gas/hydrocarbon, radioactive waste and toxic waste disposal. The contributions cover laboratory experiments, constitutive numerical modeling and field investigations, and deal with creep, damage, thermo-hydro-mechanical and chemical-coupled effects, lessons learnt from real sites and structures and in-situ monitoring. The book is organized into eight topics: * Laboratory investigations and constitutive modeling * Coupled processes and hydro-chemical effects (THMC) * Field measurements and back-analyses * Numerical modeling * Dry mining, post-mining and backfilling * Liquid hydrocarbon storage and brine-production caverns * Gaseous hydrocarbon storage and compressed air energy storage * Hazardous and radioactive waste disposal Mechanical Behavior of Salt VII will appeal to academics, engineers and professionals involved in salt mechanics.

An electronic version of this book is also available under a Creative Commons (CC-BY-NC-ND) license, thanks to the support of the Wellcome Trust. Coalmining was a notoriously dangerous industry and many of its workers experienced injury and disease. However, the experiences of the many disabled people within Britain's most dangerous industry have gone largely unrecognised by historians. This book looks at British coal through the lens of disability, using an interdisciplinary approach to examine the lives of disabled miners and their families. A diverse range of sources are used to examine the economic, social, political and cultural impact of disability in the coal industry, looking beyond formal coal company and union records to include autobiographies, novels and existing oral testimony. It argues that, far from being excluded entirely from British industry, disability and disabled people were central to its development. The book will appeal to students and academics interested in disability history, disability studies, social and cultural history and representations of disability in literature. -- .

An illustrated history of Britain's coal mines and the lives of the miners who worked in them. Coal heated the homes, fuelled the furnaces and powered the engines of the Industrial Revolution. In the nineteenth and twentieth centuries the coalfields - distinct landscapes of colliery winding frames, slag heaps and mining villages - made up Britain's industrial heartlands. Coal was known as 'black gold' but it was only brought to the surface with skill and at considerable risk, with flooding, rock falls and gas explosions a constant danger. Coal miners became a recognised force in British political life, forming a vociferous and often militant lobby for better working conditions and a decent standard of living. This beautifully illustrated guide to Britain's industrial heritage covers not just the mines, but the lives of the workers away from the pits, with a focus on the cultural and religious life of mining communities.

This book looks at the distribution, occurrences, potential and prospects for good governance, transparency and sustainable development of geological resources in Sub-Saharan Africa. By bringing together numerous different point of views, it is carried out in a holistic, interdisciplinary and scientific way. The states of Sub-Saharan Africa are among the world's most resource-rich regions - yet many of these countries are a long way from attaining their development potential - some are among the least developed in the world. Paradoxically, those countries that are most richly endowed with resources are often the least developed ("paradox of plenty"). This phenomenon is exacerbated in many African countries by inadequate governance; and yet, if the state is unable to provide basic services, the application of social and environmental standards in the extractive and processing sectors will not be effective. The idea for this volume was conceived during an international conference of the Commission de la Communaute Economique et Monetaire de l'Afrique Centrale (CEMAC) on 'Geological Resources and Good Governance in Central Africa' held in September 2009 in Yaounde, Cameroon. International experts from the political, scientific and private sectors, along with civil society, came together and discussed the various demands being placed on good governance and transparency in the Sub-Saharan raw materials sector and the prerequisites that must be met, and considered how to seek answers to future challenges. New forms of inter-sectorial, transnational governance like the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative (EITI) and civil society's transparency movements like Publish What You Pay (PWYP) offer ways to take account of all the different stakeholder interests in the resources sector. In this book there is also a strong focus on artisanal mining, on gender and on the spread of HIV/AIDS in the mining sector. This publication is addressed to stakeholders in the field, including civil society, international and private development agencies, planners, politicians and decision makers; as well as to researchers such as earth scientists, economists, jurists and political scientists.

When it comes to using reinforcements to grant better mechanical performance to soils, geosynthetics, one of the newest groups of building materials, have become mandatory in almost all works of infrastructure, draining applications, waterproofing, paving, erosion control and soil reinforcement.

This volume presents the basic mechanisms associated with soil-reinforcement interaction and a rational design method for reinforced soil-retaining structures. Concepts are described with didactic and theoretical rigor, fulfilling the practical needs of engineers involved in the design, construction and inspection of reinforced soil structures.

Construction Economics provides students with the principles underlying the relationship between economic theory and the construction industry. Its new approach specifically examines the problems of securing sustainable construction and this fifth edition broadens the message to address the immediacy of the problems relating to the carbon-based world that we have constructed.

Embracing the whole process of the construction life cycle, the new edition discusses the economic impact of the Covid pandemic on the industry and the broader implications of the promise to build back better. It also includes new coverage of the opportunities offered by technology, the establishment of higher standards to achieve greater energy efficiency and wellbeing, the adoption of the principles of a circular economy, the retrofit of existing buildings and the recycling of materials. New sections also highlight the methodology of the subject to identify the boundaries of construction economics and clarify what to expect and what can be achieved.

As with previous editions, it retains a tried and tested format including:

a clear and user-friendly style

use of colour for emphasis

regular summaries of key points

a glossary of key terms

extensive use of tables, figures and data

readings from Construction Management and Economics

tutorial questions to review each section

research guidance

reviews of useful websites.

This invaluable textbook is essential reading across a wide range of disciplines. It provides the economic context to the relevance of sustainability and debates about climate change, highlighting the vital contributions that surveyors, contractors, project managers, engineers, architects and developers can offer to take it forward.

Table of Contents

Introduction to the Fifth Edition

Chapter 1: An Introduction to the Basic Concepts

Reading 1

Research Guidance: Introduction

Part A Effective Use of Resources

Chapter 2: Economic Systems for Resource Allocation

Chapter 3: The Market Mechanism

Chapter 4: The Theory of Demand

Chapter 5: The Theory of Supply

Chapter 6: Clients and Contractors

Chapter 7: Costs of the Construction Firm

Chapter 8: Types of Market Structure in the Construction Industry

Reading 2

Reading 3

Research Guidance: Literature Review

Part B Protection and Enhancement of the Environment

Chapter 9: Markets for Green Buildings and Infrastructure

Chapter 10: Market Failure and Government Intervention

Chapter 11: Environmental Economics

Reading 4

Research Guidance: Data Collection

Part C Economic Growth that Meets the Needs of Everyone

Chapter 12: Managing the Macroeconomy

Chapter 13: The Economy and Construction: Measurement and Manipulation

Chapter 14: The Business Case: Inflation and Expectations

Reading 5

Research Guidance: Critical Thinking

Chapter 15: Sustainable Construction

Reading 6

Reading 7

Reading 8

Research Guidance: Triangulation

Glossary

References

Index

This book examines the impact of coal mining on the lives of former-labour tenant and rural communities in post-apartheid South Africa.

No Last Place to Rest: Coal Mining and Dispossession in South Africa is an exploration of the ongoing struggles faced by families in the Mpumalanga and KwaZulu-Natal provinces of South Africa whose lives have been upended by the relentless expansion of coal mining operations. These regions, burdened with the task of fulfilling the nation's energy needs and boosting the country’s economy, witness daily the harsh realities of dispossession that extend far beyond the mere loss of property.

Dineo Skosana presents a compelling argument that dispossession remains a present-day reality and crisis, contradicting the notion that it is merely a relic of the past in the post-apartheid landscape. It challenges the narrow perspective that equates land loss in material and economic terms only. Skosana considers the impact of grave relocations―a common occurrence in these mining-dominated locales― and the profound spiritual anguish and dehumanisation communities endure as their lands are excavated. In African societies, connections to the land extend beyond the material; land has a sacred and ancestral value. Grave relocations disrupt this connection families have with their ancestors. In dispossessing not only the living but also the dead from their lands, the author argues that the act wounds the collective soul of a people, eroding their cultural heritage, and collective identity and belonging.

This book offers a rich ethnographic account of the experiences, struggles and resistance of the affected communities as well as a critical analysis of the legal and policy frameworks that enable their exploitation. In relation to the ‘land question’ in South Africa, No Last Place to Rest presents deep insights for communities, activists and government sectors acting in support of social justice and redress.

Communication of risks within a transparent and accountable framework is essential in view of increasing mobility and the complexity of the modern society and the field of geotechnical engineering does not form an exception. As a result, modern risk assessment and management are required in all aspects of geotechnical issues, such as planning, design, construction of geotechnical structures, mitigation of geo-hazards, management of large construction projects, maintenance of structures and life-cycle cost evaluation. This volume discusses: 1. Evaluation and control of uncertainties through investigation, design and construction of geotechnical structures; 2. Performance-based specifications, reliability based design and limit state design of geotechnical structures, and design code developments; 3. Risk assessment and management of geo-hazards, such as landslides, earthquakes, debris flow, etc.; 4. Risk management issues concerning large geotechnical construction projects; 5. Repair and maintenance strategies of geotechnical structures. Intended for researchers and practitioners in geotechnical, geological, infrastructure and construction engineering.

The International Mining Forum is a recurring event, hosted by the University of Science and Technology in Cracow, Poland, bringing together an international group of scientists, including those working in rock mechanics and computer engineering as well as mining engineers. The topics are wide-ranging, including papers on remote sensing to assess primary impact; treatment of sealed-off coal mine fires; sustainable development in mine closure; and monitoring of natural hazards and safety issues.

Tin in Antiquity is the first comprehensive history of the early metallurgy of tin, a mine of information on this rare, highly prized metal so vital to the developing civilization of the Bronze Age. The origins of tin have always been a mystery, but the author has unearthed archaeological evidence from all over the world to trace the tinfields used before the discovery of European deposits. He takes us on a fascinating voyage of discovery through the Ancient World, delving into mythology, and enlivening his scholarly text with quotations from the Classics and humorous anecdotes. As his name suggests, Roger Penhallurick's roots are deep in Cornwall - formerly the world's largest tin producer, and still the greatest in Europe. So it is fitting that the Cornish section comprises almost half the book, for the first time collecting together all the evidence for tin streaming between 2000 BC and AD 1000. All surviving artifacts recovered from the tin workings are illustrated and put in their archaeological context. The book is lavishly illustrated throughout, including many rare old photos, and has a full bibliography of the wealth of sources that have contributed to this work.

Formation Evaluation with Pre-Digital Well Logs covers the practical use of legacy materials for formation evaluation using wireline logging equipment from 1927 until the introduction of digital logging in the 1960s and '70s. The book provides powerful interpretation techniques that can be applied today when an analyst is faced with a drawer full of old "E logs." It arms the engineer, geologist and petrophysicist with the tools needed to profitably plan re-completions or in-fill drilling in old fields that may have been acquired for modern deeper and/or horizontal drilling.

Well Production Performance Analysis for Shale Gas Reservoirs, Volume 66 presents tactics and discussions that are urgently needed by the petroleum community regarding unconventional oil and gas resources development and production. The book breaks down the mechanics of shale gas reservoirs and the use of mathematical models to analyze their performance.

Developed as a resource for practicing engineers, while simultaneously serving as a text in a formal classroom setting, Wind and Earthquake Resistant Buildings provides a fundmental understanding of the behavior of steel, concrete, and composite building structures. The text format follows, in a logical manner, the typical process of designing a building, from the first step of determining design loads, to the final step of evaluating its behavior for unusual effects. Includes a worksheet that takes the drudgery out of estimating wind response. The book presents an in-depth review of wind effects and outlines seismic design, highlighting the dymamic behavior of buildings. It covers the design and detailing the requirements of steel, concrete, and composite buidlings assigned to seismic design categories A through E. The author explains critical code specific items and structural concepts by doing the nearly impossible feat of addressing the history, reason for existence, and intent of major design provisions of the building codes. While the scope of the book is intentionally broad, it provides enough in-depth coverage to make it useful for structural engineers in all stages of their careers.