This book focuses on various important aspects of monetary policy such as the final objective of monetary policy, the position of the central bank, the design and implementation of monetary policy, the relationship between monetary policy and exchange rate regimes, and the consequences of financial reforms in Central and Eastern Europe and in Latin America. A Framework for Monetary Stability begins with introductions by President W. Duisenberg (DNB) and Vice Chairman D. Mullins, Jr. (Federal Reserve Board). Furthermore, twelve contributions discuss and analyse theoretical, empirical and institutional issues of monetary policy and central banking in Europe and America as well as in other countries. Contributors are reputed policymakers such as C. Freedman (Bank of Canada), J. de Beaufort Wijnholds and L. Hoogduin (DNB), O. Issing (Deutsche Bundesbank), A. Crockett (Bank of England), M. GuitiAn (IMF) and A. Icard (Banque de France). Also, prominent academics like professors S. Fischer (MIT), A. Cukierman (Tel Aviv), B. Friedman (Harvard), M. de Cecco (Rome) and F. Giavazzi (Bocconi), R. Layard (LSE) and R. Dornbusch (MIT) have made contributions. The book ends with a general report by S. Eijffinger (CentER). The collection of papers and proceedings will be of outstanding interest to anyone who is professionally involved with monetary policy and central banking.

This book assesses how EU economies have fared in their project of economic and monetary union. Drawing on data for all fifteen member countries, it takes the Spanish economy as a point of departure to compare their gains and losses. It also considers the implications for the welfare state, enlargement towards Eastern Europe and the political integration of Europe.

This book identifies the likely causes of high inflation and assesses the available policy options for preventing or curing it. The approach consists of making hypotheses about the economic motivation of individuals, developing a model assessing the results.

Globalization of capital markets has received new momentum and it will continue to be of major importance for the years to come. Partly, the increasing integration of financial markets and the rise of foreign direct investment is a consequence of world trade expansion. But in addition to this underlying trend, the worldwide collapse of socialist systems and the opening up of big economies like India and China have fuelled the development of globalized capital markets. This book takes stock of recent developments with emphasis on emerging capital markets.

This detailed study of the Egyptian economic and financial development, originally published in 1935, attempts to both present a clear understanding of the environmental factors of the monetary institutions and to trace the influence which these institutions have had upon the country's economic organisation. First published in 1935.

The book contains a comprehensive review of all aspects of credit control: analysis and presentation for a decision; structure; monitoring; and damage limitation. It also has chapters on training, computers and capital adequacy. It recognises that different types of banks will apply the basic principles in ways reflecting their overall strategy and nature of their business. It adapts to these, but stresses strong warnings on certain policies or lack thereof. It is thus prescriptive rather than merely descriptive.

A collection of essays in honour of Robert Triffin, the principal architect of the European Payments Union in the 1940s. These works cover topics such as obstacles to international policy co-ordination, the reform of the international monetary system and European monetary integration. The "Open Market" and its ramifications are discussed and the future of the European Monetary System is examined. The text does not concentrate solely on Europe, however, and also examines such subjects as monetary management in Latin America and proposals for co-operative relief of debt in Africa. An overview of the International Monetary System is provided and the future of macroeconomic policy coordination is examined.

Currency Crises in Emerging Markets, prepared by Warsaw-based Center for Social and Economic Research (CASE), discusses various aspects of currency crises in emerging-market economies: The definitions and theoretical models of currency crises, the causes, management and propagation (contagion effect) of crises, their economic, social and policy consequences, the role of international financial institutions, and crisis prevention. In addition, five case studies of currency crises in Central and Eastern Europe are presented.

What lies at the heart of financial regulation? Economic principles? Public interest motives? Bureaucratic procedures? Many academics have extensively written on financial regulation. Rarely, practitioners, and in particular European practitioners, have had their say, the opportunity to express their views on how financial regulation is and should be governed. The book attempts to fill that gap: heads of Securities Commissions, representatives of self-regulatory organizations and exchanges, lawyers, have debated on the different issues of regulation. They draw the lessons from their experience and their regulatory achievements.

Macesich's latest book argues that the poor performance of monetary policy can be attributed to the ease with which money slips into the political arena to become a singularly important political issue. Discretionary authority facilitates monetary manipulation for political ends, thereby increasing uncertainty and casting doubt on money, the monetary system, and indeed the monetary authority itself. The author traces the evolution of the debate over rules versus discretionary authority and discusses various methods that economists have proposed for constrain the monetary authority. If monetary policy is to be credible and thus successful, the hands of monetary policy makers are better tied than left free.

This work by a noted authority on monetary theory and policy will interest economists in academia and the policy-making community.

The introduction of the euro was an important event for the world economy and the international political system. For the first time in history, a substantial group of European countries-eleven of the fifteen members of the European Union including three members of the G-7-have voluntarily agreed to replace their national currencies with a single currency. The euro area has already become established as the second largest currency area in the world and will therefore become a major player in the international monetary system. The creation of the euro poses a number of interesting questions. Will the euro be a strong or a weak currency? Will the euro challenge the leading position hitherto held by the United States dollar and would sharing of the burdens and advantages of reserve currency status improve or worsen the stability of the international monetary system? How will the euro affect US relations with Europe? Does the formation of the euro intensify European integration in other fields? Is a bi-polar international monetary system viable? These and other issues motivated the Luxembourg Institute for European and International Studies and the Pierre Werner Foundation to organize an international conference in Luxembourg on December 3-4, 1998, on the eve of the birth of the euro. At the outset we were aware that the issue of the euro went far beyond pure economics. Money, after all, is too important a subject to be left to economists.

European monetary unification has produced a $15 trillion windfall to its member nations that is rarely discussed or accounted for in analyses of economic integration. Edmunds and Marthinsen argue that the reduction in cross-border risks--foreign exchange uncertainty, inflation differentials, competitive devaluations, and protectionism in financial services, among other--is directly responsible for an explosion in the value of fixed income assets and share prices. They explain how this wealth accumulation began to accrue even before the Euro was formally adopted. Could the same thing happen in Latin America or Asia?

Elegantly written and cogently argued, this book explores the ramifications of currency unification for each region in three scenarios: partial unification, dollarization, and full unification. The authors compute the increases in wealth created by these various levels of currency unification, provide spreadsheet models that examine the connections between the growth of financial wealth and real economic growth, and emphasize differentials in economic wealth among regions with time series maps that resize nations according to equity markets rather than geography.

Paul Davidson is one of America's most prolific academic economists. Editor of the "Journal of Post-Keynesian Economics" and holder of the Holly chair of Excellence at the University of Tennessee, Professor Davidson has written broadly over thirty years on topics as diverse as income distribution, oil and natural resource use, economietric models, finance and financial markets, inflation, and unemployment.

This two volume work contains most of Davidson's professional journal articles, a number of previously unpublished papers, and a sample of his policiy oriented testimonies before Congress, the Federal Communications Commission and bank regulators.

The topics addressed in this collection among others are: monetary theory and policy; employment theory; and income distribution and inflation.

Two years ago, the Guido Carli Association, in collaboration with the Aspen Institute Italia, charged a group of distinguished economists to examine the problems created by the unsatisfactory functioning of the International Monetary System. The two resulting conferences were sponsored by the Fondazione della Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze (CESIFIN) and the Permanent Advisory Committee on the Euro and the Dollar (PACE&D). Their research had a two-fold aim. The first was an examination of the basic function of the International Monetary System with a special focus on the role the Euro would and should have. The second was the preparation of a list of recommendations on how to resolve the problems, financial problems in particular, affecting the entire world community. Last year, the group focused on efforts taking place in diverse financial institutions and universities to construct what has been called the New International Financial Architecture'. This group considered the legal problems arising from European and international integration and, more generally, from the new architecture of the International Monetary System. This book, The New Architecture of the International Monetary System, is the final result of their efforts. It will be an invaluable resource for academics, professionals, and students alike.

This volume is the second collection of the series of lectures, held annually at City University, London, in honour of Henry Thornton, the renowned 19th Century monetary economist. As with Monetary Economics in the 1980s (0-333-46220-3), the essays by extremely eminent contributors are wide-ranging in both subject and approach but all develop topics considered by Henry Thornton over a century ago and link historical perspectives to contemporary debates about financial institutions and monetary economics.

This book analyses the causes and consequences of deflation. In contrast to the widespread belief that deflation would be harmful to the economy as a whole, the author argues that free market deflation is liberating and beneficial. Several myths of deflation are exposed and the reasons for the widespread deflation phobia that serves to justify expansionary monetary policy, i.e., inflation are investigated. Two historical case studies, the growth deflation in the US after the Civil War and the bank credit deflation in Germany during the Great Depression are discussed to illustrate the points made in the theoretical analysis of deflation.

This book presents a forecasting mechanism of the price intervals for deriving the SCR (solvency capital requirement) eradicating the risk during the exercise period on one hand and measuring the risk by computing the hedging exit time function associating with smaller investments the date until which the value of the portfolio hedges the liabilities on the other. This information, summarized under the term "tychastic viability measure of risk" is an evolutionary alternative to statistical measures, when dealing with evolutions under uncertainty. The book is written by experts in the field and the target audience primarily comprises research experts and practitioners.

Monetary union has dawned in Europe. Now that the common currency is a reality, questions concerning the practical conduct of monetary policy in the European Monetary Union (EMU) are moving to the forefront of the policy debate. Among these, one of the most critical is how the new monetary union will cope with the large heterogeneity of its member economies. Given the large differences in economic and financial structures among the EMU member states, monetary policy is likely to affect different member economies in different ways. Regional Aspects of Monetary Policy in Europe collects the proceedings of an international conference held at the Center for European Integration Studies of the University of Bonn, dedicated to this issue. The contributions to this conference fall into two parts. The first part consists of empirical and theoretical studies of the regional effects of monetary policy in heterogeneous monetary unions. The second part consists of papers analyzing the political economy of monetary policy in a monetary union of heterogeneous regions or member states. The papers all support the conclusion that regional differences in the responses to a common monetary policy will make European monetary policy especially difficult in the years to come. Such differences arise from a variety of sources, and they cannot be expected to be mere teething troubles that will disappear after a while. Even if they were ignored in the run-up to the EMU, Europe's central bankers and economic policy makers will have to learn how to cope with such differences in the future.

The basic motivation for this book is my lifelong interest in the relationship between political processes and macroeconomic outcomes, especially in the area of monetary policy. Nowadays, monetary policy is an area where political considerations are believed by scholars to regularly impact upon economic results. In contrast, when my interest in this subject began thirty years ago, the scholarly literature on monetary policy hardly ever mentioned systematic political influences. My dissertation at the University of Illinois in 1966 and my first article (in the Joumal of Political Economy in 1967) addressed the modeling and estimation of the concerns that propel monetary policy. In the political and economic turbulence of the period from the late 1960s through the early 1980s, it became clear that the directions taken by monetary policy were changing with some frequency. My research during that period dealt with models of monetary policy. In attempting to measure these changes, it suggested that monetary policy reactions to the state of the economy were not stable over time. During this period I became interested in reforms which might reduce the resulting instability in the economy. For example, my 1972 article in the Joumal of Political Economy suggested systematic penalties Federal Reserve officials who failed to meet the goal of monetary stability by tying their budgets or salaries inversely to the rate of inflation.

Motivated by the recent proliferation of fiscal consolidation episodes in the advent of Monetary Union, this book explains the causes and consequences of fiscal policy in Europe. This book answers three related questions: What explains the timing of fiscal adjustments? What explains their different duration and composition? What are the economic and political consequences of having implemented different adjustment strategies?

An authoritative and wide-ranging analysis of current issues and dilemmas in the European Union's relations with the developing world. The book brings together politicians, academics and policy-makers to address recent experience and the way ahead after the EU's leading policy, the Lome Convention, expires in February 2000. Development policy in the various member states and at EU level and the prospects for furthering the international community's human rights and good governance agenda are examined in detail. This thorough assessment of one of the EU's oldest, most important and yet little known policy fields will be of use to scholars and students of development, of European integration and international relations.

Lack of coordination of fiscal and monetary policies, disregard for the high degree of inflation persistency, unstable relations and bilateral causality between money supply and inflation, all imply an inappropriateness of money-based stabilizations for the transition economy of postcommunist Russia conducted under the auspices of the IMF. As a representative of the West, the IMF pretended to aid Russians through stabilisation. The IMF promised loans while the Russian government promised reforms. This turned out to be a pseudo lending for pseudo reforms with disastrous consequences for the Russian economy as explored and scrutinized in this volume.

This book provides cutting-edge material elaborating on monetary circuit theory and post-Keynesian monetary economics. It contributes to a new approach to monetary analysis, which provides original insights into the complex fields of money, banking, and finance.

This book, as a comprehensive, in-depth analysis of one of the fastest-growing industries in China, covers all the most important areas and issues in the country's online lending industry. It includes, but is not limited to, the history of online lending, the scale of the online lending market, the basic business models in and a risk analysis of online lending, the characteristics of typical online-lending borrowers and investors/lenders, the root causes of bankruptcy among failed online lending platforms, a comparative analysis of online lending platforms inside and outside China, the overall ranking of online lending platforms in China and finally, the outlook for the online lending industry in the future. The integration of Internet and finance has, in recent years, been among the most notable topics discussed in the media, the business community and academia, both in China and worldwide. The chapters are supplemented with detailed case studies, which include illustrations and tables and the book combines theoretical analysis with conceptual discussions of and best practices in the online lending industry. It will be of interest to a variety of readers worldwide, including: (1) existing and potential online borrowers; (2) existing and potential online lenders; (3) investors and professionals running online lending platforms; (4) traditional bankers and major shareholders in traditional financial institutions; (5) staff in regulatory government agencies; (6) academics; and (7) the general public.

Volume 96 of Contemporary Studies in Economic and Financial Analysis provides further insights to postcrisis developments in the global economic and financial environment. Risk Management Post Financial Crisis: A Period of Monetary Easing includes papers from leading authors from central banks, worldrenowned universities and international organisations. Topics and issues addressed by this volume include: an overview of advances in risk management in the post financial crisis environment, the impact that complexity present in financial returns now plays in measuring reporting and risk, the role that sentiment and herding plays in distorting prices in financial markets, the procyclical impact of Basel III including effects on capital requirements and bank balance sheets, central bank monetary policies and bank liquidity in a world without quantitative easing, credit risk assessment and bank lending, and changes in the structure of international financial markets, including the rise and impact of financial markets in China and those financial products denominated in RMB.