A heterogeneous network is a network which connects computers and other devices with different operating systems, protocols, or access technologies. By definition, managing heterogenous networks is more difficult that homogenous networks. Confidentiality, integrity, availability (CIA) remain the foundation of security. This book sheds light upon security threats, defenses, and remediation on various networking and data processing domains, including wired networks, wireless networks, mobile ad-hoc networks, wireless sensor networks, and social networks through the prisms of confidentiality, integrity, availability, authentication, and access control. The book is broken into different chapters that explore central subjects and themes in the development of the heterogenous networks we see today. The chapters look at: Access control methods in cloud-enabled Internet of Things Secure routing algorithms for mobile ad-hoc networks Building security trust in mobile ad-hoc networks using soft computing methods The use and development of Blockchain technology, with a particular focus on the nonce-free hash generation in Blockchain Password authentication and keystroke biometrics Health care data analytics over Big Data Bluetooth: and its open issues for managing security services in heterogenous networks Managing Security Services in Heterogenous Networks will be a valuable resource for a whole host of undergraduate and postgraduate students studying related topics, as well as career professionals who have to effectively manage heterogenous networks in the workplace.

Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century covers the latest technology and techniques providing a complete resource on contemporary issues and methods in forensic document examination. Forensic document examiners provide their findings as expert testimony in court. Due to rapid changes in technology, including digital documents, printing and photocopying capabilities, and more, there is a great need for this up-to-date reference. The examination of documents can include comparison of handwriting or hand-printing; detection of alterations or photocopier and computer manipulation; restoration or decipherment of erased and obliterated writing; visualization of latent impressions; the identification of printing processes; and differentiation of inks. Computer-generated documents are prevalent, and electronically-captured signatures are becoming more widespread, meaning the knowledge of advances in technology and adoption of new validated techniques and methods of document examination are crucial to the reliability of forensic opinions. Forensic Document Examination in the 21st Century includes the latest research on the subject and with contributions from leading experts on their various areas of expertise. The book will be a welcome addition to the literature and support the foundational basis for methods and procedures for use it expert testimony in court, serving as a resource for forensic document examiners, trainees, and those in the criminal and legal communities who use the services of expert document examiners and witnesses

This book explores fundamental principles for securing IT systems and illustrates them with hands-on experiments that may be carried out by the reader using accompanying software. The experiments highlight key information security problems that arise in modern operating systems, networks, and web applications. The authors explain how to identify and exploit such problems and they show different countermeasures and their implementation. The reader thus gains a detailed understanding of how vulnerabilities arise and practical experience tackling them. After presenting the basics of security principles, virtual environments, and network services, the authors explain the core security principles of authentication and access control, logging and log analysis, web application security, certificates and public-key cryptography, and risk management. The book concludes with appendices on the design of related courses, report templates, and the basics of Linux as needed for the assignments. The authors have successfully taught IT security to students and professionals using the content of this book and the laboratory setting it describes. The book can be used in undergraduate or graduate laboratory courses, complementing more theoretically oriented courses, and it can also be used for self-study by IT professionals who want hands-on experience in applied information security. The authors' supporting software is freely available online and the text is supported throughout with exercises.

Reinforcement Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems: with Cybersecurity Case Studies was inspired by recent developments in the fields of reinforcement learning (RL) and cyber-physical systems (CPSs). Rooted in behavioral psychology, RL is one of the primary strands of machine learning. Different from other machine learning algorithms, such as supervised learning and unsupervised learning, the key feature of RL is its unique learning paradigm, i.e., trial-and-error. Combined with the deep neural networks, deep RL become so powerful that many complicated systems can be automatically managed by AI agents at a superhuman level. On the other hand, CPSs are envisioned to revolutionize our society in the near future. Such examples include the emerging smart buildings, intelligent transportation, and electric grids. However, the conventional hand-programming controller in CPSs could neither handle the increasing complexity of the system, nor automatically adapt itself to new situations that it has never encountered before. The problem of how to apply the existing deep RL algorithms, or develop new RL algorithms to enable the real-time adaptive CPSs, remains open. This book aims to establish a linkage between the two domains by systematically introducing RL foundations and algorithms, each supported by one or a few state-of-the-art CPS examples to help readers understand the intuition and usefulness of RL techniques. Features Introduces reinforcement learning, including advanced topics in RL Applies reinforcement learning to cyber-physical systems and cybersecurity Contains state-of-the-art examples and exercises in each chapter Provides two cybersecurity case studies Reinforcement Learning for Cyber-Physical Systems with Cybersecurity Case Studies is an ideal text for graduate students or junior/senior undergraduates in the fields of science, engineering, computer science, or applied mathematics. It would also prove useful to researchers and engineers interested in cybersecurity, RL, and CPS. The only background knowledge required to appreciate the book is a basic knowledge of calculus and probability theory.

This comprehensive handbook serves as a professional reference and practitioner's guide to today's most complete and concise view of private cloud security. It explores practical solutions to a wide range of private cloud computing security issues. The knowledge imparted will enable readers to determine whether the private cloud security solution is appropriate for their organization from a business and technical perspective, to select the appropriate cloud security model, and to plan and implement a cloud security adoption and migration strategy.

Melvin Greer and Kevin Jackson have assembled a comprehensive guide to industry-specific cybersecurity threats and provide a detailed risk management framework required to mitigate business risk associated with the adoption of cloud computing. This book can serve multiple purposes, not the least of which is documenting the breadth and severity of the challenges that today's enterprises face, and the breadth of programmatic elements required to address these challenges. This has become a boardroom issue: Executives must not only exploit the potential of information technologies, but manage their potential risks. Key Features * Provides a cross-industry view of contemporary cloud computing security challenges, solutions, and lessons learned * Offers clear guidance for the development and execution of industry-specific cloud computing business and cybersecurity strategies * Provides insight into the interaction and cross-dependencies between industry business models and industry-specific cloud computing security requirements

Information Security Policies, Procedures, and Standards: A Practitioner's Reference gives you a blueprint on how to develop effective information security policies and procedures. It uses standards such as NIST 800-53, ISO 27001, and COBIT, and regulations such as HIPAA and PCI DSS as the foundation for the content. Highlighting key terminology, policy development concepts and methods, and suggested document structures, it includes examples, checklists, sample policies and procedures, guidelines, and a synopsis of the applicable standards. The author explains how and why procedures are developed and implemented rather than simply provide information and examples. This is an important distinction because no two organizations are exactly alike; therefore, no two sets of policies and procedures are going to be exactly alike. This approach provides the foundation and understanding you need to write effective policies, procedures, and standards clearly and concisely. Developing policies and procedures may seem to be an overwhelming task. However, by relying on the material presented in this book, adopting the policy development techniques, and examining the examples, the task will not seem so daunting. You can use the discussion material to help sell the concepts, which may be the most difficult aspect of the process. Once you have completed a policy or two, you will have the courage to take on even more tasks. Additionally, the skills you acquire will assist you in other areas of your professional and private life, such as expressing an idea clearly and concisely or creating a project plan.

Intrusion Detection and Correlation: Challenges and Solutions presents intrusion detection systems (IDSs) and addresses the problem of managing and correlating the alerts produced. This volume discusses the role of intrusion detection in the realm of network security with comparisons to traditional methods such as firewalls and cryptography.

The Internet is omnipresent and companies have increasingly put critical resources online. This has given rise to the activities of cyber criminals. Virtually all organizations face increasing threats to their networks and the services they provide. Intrusion detection systems (IDSs) take increased pounding for failing to meet the expectations researchers and IDS vendors continually raise. Promises that IDSs are capable of reliably identifying malicious activity in large networks were premature and never tuned into reality.

While virus scanners and firewalls have visible benefits and remain virtually unnoticed during normal operations, the situation is different with intrusion detection sensors. State-of-the-art IDSs produce hundreds or even thousands of alerts every day. Unfortunately, almost all of these alerts are false positives, that is, they are not related to security-relevant incidents.

Intrusion Detection and Correlation: Challenges and Solutions analyzes the challenges in interpreting and combining (i.e., correlating) alerts produced by these systems. In addition, existing academic and commercial systems are classified; their advantage and shortcomings are presented, especially in the case of deployment in large, real-world sites.

This book discusses the evolution of security and privacy issues and brings related technological tools, techniques, and solutions into one single source. The book will take readers on a journey to understanding the security issues and possible solutions involving various threats, attacks, and defense mechanisms, which include IoT, cloud computing, Big Data, lightweight cryptography for blockchain, and data-intensive techniques, and how it can be applied to various applications for general and specific use. Graduate and postgraduate students, researchers, and those working in this industry will find this book easy to understand and use for security applications and privacy issues.

Cybercafes, which are places where Internet access is provided for free, provide the opportunity for people without access to the Internet, or who are traveling, to access Web mail and instant messages, read newspapers, and explore other resources of the Internet. Due to the important role Internet cafes play in facilitating access to information, there is a need for their systems to have well-installed software in order to ensure smooth service delivery. Security and Software for Cybercafes provides relevant theoretical frameworks and current empirical research findings on the security measures and software necessary for cybercafes, offering information technology professionals, scholars, researchers, and educators detailed knowledge and understanding of this innovative and leading-edge issue, both in industrialized and developing countries.

Praise for "Sarbanes-Oxley Guide for Finance and Information Technology Professionals"

"Effective SOX programs enlist the entire organization to build and monitor a compliant control environment. However, even the best SOX programs are inefficient at best, ineffective at worst, if there is a lack of informed, competent finance and IT personnel to support the effort. This book provides these important professionals a needed resource for and road map toward successfully implementing their SOX initiative."
--Scott Green Chief Administrative Officer, Weil, Gotshal & Manges LLP and author, "Sarbanes-Oxley and the Board of Directors"

"As a former CFO and CIO, I found this book to be an excellent synopsis of SOX, with impressive implementation summaries and checklists."
--Michael P. Cangemi CISA, Editor in Chief, "Information Systems Control Journal" and author, "Managing the Audit Function"

"An excellent introduction to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act from the perspective of the financial and IT professionals that are on the front lines of establishing compliance in their organizations. The author walks through many areas by asking 'what can go wrong' types of questions, and then outlines actions that should be taken as well as the consequences of noncompliance. This is a good book to add to one's professional library "
--Robert R. Moeller Author, "Sarbanes-Oxley and the New Internal Auditing Rules"

"Mr. Anand has compiled a solid overview of the control systems needed for not only accounting systems, but also the information technologies that support those systems. Among the Sarbanes books on the market, his coverage of both topics is unique."
--Steven M. Bragg Author, "Accounting Best Practices"

"An excellent overview of the compliance process. A must-read for anyone who needs to get up to speed quickly with Sarbanes-Oxley."
--Jack Martin Publisher, "Sarbanes-Oxley Compliance Journal"

There is an intrinsic conflict between creating secure systems and usable systems. But usability and security can be made synergistic by providing requirements and design tools with specific usable security principles earlier in the requirements and design phase. In certain situations, it is possible to increase usability and security by revisiting design decisions made in the past; in others, to align security and usability by changing the regulatory environment in which the computers operate. This book addresses creation of a usable security protocol for user authentication as a natural outcome of the requirements and design phase of the authentication method development life cycle.

This book provides a comprehensive overview of the research on anomaly detection with respect to context and situational awareness that aim to get a better understanding of how context information influences anomaly detection. In each chapter, it identifies advanced anomaly detection and key assumptions, which are used by the model to differentiate between normal and anomalous behavior. When applying a given model to a particular application, the assumptions can be used as guidelines to assess the effectiveness of the model in that domain. Each chapter provides an advanced deep content understanding and anomaly detection algorithm, and then shows how the proposed approach is deviating of the basic techniques. Further, for each chapter, it describes the advantages and disadvantages of the algorithm. The final chapters provide a discussion on the computational complexity of the models and graph computational frameworks such as Google Tensorflow and H2O because it is an important issue in real application domains. This book provides a better understanding of the different directions in which research has been done on deep semantic analysis and situational assessment using deep learning for anomalous detection, and how methods developed in one area can be applied in applications in other domains. This book seeks to provide both cyber analytics practitioners and researchers an up-to-date and advanced knowledge in cloud based frameworks for deep semantic analysis and advanced anomaly detection using cognitive and artificial intelligence (AI) models.

Stories of cyberattacks dominate the headlines. Whether it is theft of massive amounts of personally identifiable information or the latest intrusion of foreign governments in U.S. government and industrial sites, cyberattacks are now important. For professionals and the public, knowing how the attacks are launched and succeed is vital to ensuring cyber security. The book provides a concise summary in a historical context of the major global cyber security attacks since 1980. Each attack covered contains an overview of the incident in layman terms, followed by a technical details section, and culminating in a lessons learned and recommendations section.

This expanded textbook, now in its second edition, is a practical yet in depth guide to cryptography and its principles and practices. Now featuring a new section on quantum resistant cryptography in addition to expanded and revised content throughout, the book continues to place cryptography in real-world security situations using the hands-on information contained throughout the chapters. Prolific author Dr. Chuck Easttom lays out essential math skills and fully explains how to implement cryptographic algorithms in today's data protection landscape. Readers learn and test out how to use ciphers and hashes, generate random keys, handle VPN and Wi-Fi security, and encrypt VoIP, Email, and Web communications. The book also covers cryptanalysis, steganography, and cryptographic backdoors and includes a description of quantum computing and its impact on cryptography. This book is meant for those without a strong mathematics background with only just enough math to understand the algorithms given. The book contains a slide presentation, questions and answers, and exercises throughout. Presents new and updated coverage of cryptography including new content on quantum resistant cryptography; Covers the basic math needed for cryptography - number theory, discrete math, and algebra (abstract and linear); Includes a full suite of classroom materials including exercises, Q&A, and examples.

The new fifth edition of Information Technology Control and Audit has been significantly revised to include a comprehensive overview of the IT environment, including revolutionizing technologies, legislation, audit process, governance, strategy, and outsourcing, among others. This new edition also outlines common IT audit risks, procedures, and involvement associated with major IT audit areas. It further provides cases featuring practical IT audit scenarios, as well as sample documentation to design and perform actual IT audit work. Filled with up-to-date audit concepts, tools, techniques, and references for further reading, this revised edition promotes the mastery of concepts, as well as the effective implementation and assessment of IT controls by organizations and auditors. For instructors and lecturers there are an instructor's manual, sample syllabi and course schedules, PowerPoint lecture slides, and test questions. For students there are flashcards to test their knowledge of key terms and recommended further readings. Go to http://routledgetextbooks.com/textbooks/9781498752282/ for more information.

Web applications occupy a large space within the IT infrastructure of a business or a corporation. They simply just don't touch a front end or a back end; today's web apps impact just about every corner of it. Today's web apps have become complex, which has made them a prime target for sophisticated cyberattacks. As a result, web apps must be literally tested from the inside and out in terms of security before they can be deployed and launched to the public for business transactions to occur. The primary objective of this book is to address those specific areas that require testing before a web app can be considered to be completely secure. The book specifically examines five key areas: Network security: This encompasses the various network components that are involved in order for the end user to access the particular web app from the server where it is stored at to where it is being transmitted to, whether it is a physical computer itself or a wireless device (such as a smartphone). Cryptography: This area includes not only securing the lines of network communications between the server upon which the web app is stored at and from where it is accessed from but also ensuring that all personally identifiable information (PII) that is stored remains in a ciphertext format and that its integrity remains intact while in transmission. Penetration testing: This involves literally breaking apart a Web app from the external environment and going inside of it, in order to discover all weaknesses and vulnerabilities and making sure that they are patched before the actual Web app is launched into a production state of operation. Threat hunting: This uses both skilled analysts and tools on the Web app and supporting infrastructure to continuously monitor the environment to find all security holes and gaps. The Dark Web: This is that part of the Internet that is not openly visible to the public. As its name implies, this is the "sinister" part of the Internet, and in fact, where much of the PII that is hijacked from a web app cyberattack is sold to other cyberattackers in order to launch more covert and damaging threats to a potential victim. Testing and Securing Web Applications breaks down the complexity of web application security testing so this critical part of IT and corporate infrastructure remains safe and in operation.

This book investigates the goals and policy aspects of cyber security education in the light of escalating technical, social and geopolitical challenges. The past ten years have seen a tectonic shift in the significance of cyber security education. Once the preserve of small groups of dedicated educators and industry professionals, the subject is now on the frontlines of geopolitical confrontation and business strategy. Global shortages of talent have created pressures on corporate and national policy for workforce development. Cyber Security Education offers an updated approach to the subject as we enter the next decade of technological disruption and political threats. The contributors include scholars and education practitioners from leading research and education centres in Europe, North America and Australia. This book provides essential reference points for education policy on the new social terrain of security in cyberspace and aims to reposition global debates on what education for security in cyberspace can and should mean. This book will be of interest to students of cyber security, cyber education, international security and public policy generally, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

This book investigates the goals and policy aspects of cyber security education in the light of escalating technical, social and geopolitical challenges. The past ten years have seen a tectonic shift in the significance of cyber security education. Once the preserve of small groups of dedicated educators and industry professionals, the subject is now on the frontlines of geopolitical confrontation and business strategy. Global shortages of talent have created pressures on corporate and national policy for workforce development. Cyber Security Education offers an updated approach to the subject as we enter the next decade of technological disruption and political threats. The contributors include scholars and education practitioners from leading research and education centres in Europe, North America and Australia. This book provides essential reference points for education policy on the new social terrain of security in cyberspace and aims to reposition global debates on what education for security in cyberspace can and should mean. This book will be of interest to students of cyber security, cyber education, international security and public policy generally, as well as practitioners and policy-makers.

Web applications occupy a large space within the IT infrastructure of a business or a corporation. They simply just don't touch a front end or a back end; today's web apps impact just about every corner of it. Today's web apps have become complex, which has made them a prime target for sophisticated cyberattacks. As a result, web apps must be literally tested from the inside and out in terms of security before they can be deployed and launched to the public for business transactions to occur. The primary objective of this book is to address those specific areas that require testing before a web app can be considered to be completely secure. The book specifically examines five key areas: Network security: This encompasses the various network components that are involved in order for the end user to access the particular web app from the server where it is stored at to where it is being transmitted to, whether it is a physical computer itself or a wireless device (such as a smartphone). Cryptography: This area includes not only securing the lines of network communications between the server upon which the web app is stored at and from where it is accessed from but also ensuring that all personally identifiable information (PII) that is stored remains in a ciphertext format and that its integrity remains intact while in transmission. Penetration testing: This involves literally breaking apart a Web app from the external environment and going inside of it, in order to discover all weaknesses and vulnerabilities and making sure that they are patched before the actual Web app is launched into a production state of operation. Threat hunting: This uses both skilled analysts and tools on the Web app and supporting infrastructure to continuously monitor the environment to find all security holes and gaps. The Dark Web: This is that part of the Internet that is not openly visible to the public. As its name implies, this is the "sinister" part of the Internet, and in fact, where much of the PII that is hijacked from a web app cyberattack is sold to other cyberattackers in order to launch more covert and damaging threats to a potential victim. Testing and Securing Web Applications breaks down the complexity of web application security testing so this critical part of IT and corporate infrastructure remains safe and in operation.

The idea behind this book is to simplify the journey of aspiring readers and researchers to understand Big Data, IoT and Machine Learning. It also includes various real-time/offline applications and case studies in the fields of engineering, computer science, information security and cloud computing using modern tools. This book consists of two sections: Section I contains the topics related to Applications of Machine Learning, and Section II addresses issues about Big Data, the Cloud and the Internet of Things. This brings all the related technologies into a single source so that undergraduate and postgraduate students, researchers, academicians and people in industry can easily understand them. Features Addresses the complete data science technologies workflow Explores basic and high-level concepts and services as a manual for those in the industry and at the same time can help beginners to understand both basic and advanced aspects of machine learning Covers data processing and security solutions in IoT and Big Data applications Offers adaptive, robust, scalable and reliable applications to develop solutions for day-to-day problems Presents security issues and data migration techniques of NoSQL databases

While aviation fatalities have thankfully fallen dramatically in recent years, the phenomena of complexity and cognitive bias have been shown to be factors in many accidents. An understanding of these phenomena promises to bring the fatality rate even lower, and a deeper understanding of commercial aircraft in the context of systems engineering will contribute to that trend. Systems Approach to the Design of Commercial Aircraft describes commercial aircraft from an advanced systems point of view, addressing complexity, cybersecurity, and systems architecting. In addition, it provides an explanation of systems engineering, describes how systems engineering forms a framework for commercial aircraft, covers how systems engineering and systems architecting relate to commercial aircraft, addresses complexity, and shows how humans fit into systems engineering and the importance for commercial aircraft. It goes onto present how cybersecurity plays an important role in the mix and how human interface fits in. The readership includes designers of aircraft, manufacturers, researchers, systems engineers, and students. Scott Jackson is a fellow of the International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE) and the author of Systems Engineering for Commercial Aircraft (1997 and 2015) in English and Chinese. Ricardo Moraes dos Santos is a senior systems engineer at EMBRAER S/A and an INCOSE Brazil chapter director. He works with Architecting process (Corporate) and is head of Cybersecurity and Safety (STPA Applications) at EMBRAER S/A.

Cybercrime continues to skyrocket but we are not combatting it effectively yet. We need more cybercrime investigators from all backgrounds and working in every sector to conduct effective investigations. This book is a comprehensive resource for everyone who encounters and investigates cybercrime, no matter their title, including those working on behalf of law enforcement, private organizations, regulatory agencies, or individual victims. It provides helpful background material about cybercrime's technological and legal underpinnings, plus in-depth detail about the legal and practical aspects of conducting cybercrime investigations. Key features of this book include: Understanding cybercrime, computers, forensics, and cybersecurity Law for the cybercrime investigator, including cybercrime offenses; cyber evidence-gathering; criminal, private and regulatory law, and nation-state implications Cybercrime investigation from three key perspectives: law enforcement, private sector, and regulatory Financial investigation Identification (attribution) of cyber-conduct Apprehension Litigation in the criminal and civil arenas. This far-reaching book is an essential reference for prosecutors and law enforcement officers, agents and analysts; as well as for private sector lawyers, consultants, information security professionals, digital forensic examiners, and more. It also functions as an excellent course book for educators and trainers. We need more investigators who know how to fight cybercrime, and this book was written to achieve that goal. Authored by two former cybercrime prosecutors with a diverse array of expertise in criminal justice and the private sector, this book is informative, practical, and readable, with innovative methods and fascinating anecdotes throughout.

Developing secure software requires the integration of numerous methods and tools into the development process, and software design is based on shared expert knowledge, claims, and opinions. Empirical methods, including data analytics, allow extracting knowledge and insights from the data that organizations collect from their processes and tools, and from the opinions of the experts who practice these processes and methods. This book introduces the reader to the fundamentals of empirical research methods, and demonstrates how these methods can be used to hone a secure software development lifecycle based on empirical data and published best practices.

Think about someone taking control of your car while you're driving. Or, someone hacking into a drone and taking control. Both of these things have been done, and both are attacks against cyber-physical systems (CPS). Securing Cyber-Physical Systems explores the cybersecurity needed for CPS, with a focus on results of research and real-world deployment experiences. It addresses CPS across multiple sectors of industry. CPS emerged from traditional engineered systems in the areas of power and energy, automotive, healthcare, and aerospace. By introducing pervasive communication support in those systems, CPS made the systems more flexible, high-performing, and responsive. In general, these systems are mission-critical-their availability and correct operation is essential. This book focuses on the security of such mission-critical systems. Securing Cyber-Physical Systems brings together engineering and IT experts who have been dealing separately with these issues. The contributed chapters in this book cover a broad range of CPS security topics, including: Securing modern electrical power systems Using moving target defense (MTD) techniques to secure CPS Securing wireless sensor networks (WSNs) used for critical infrastructures Mechanisms to improve cybersecurity and privacy in transportation CPS Anticipated cyberattacks and defense approaches for next-generation autonomous vehicles Security issues, vulnerabilities, and challenges in the Internet of Things Machine-to-machine (M2M) communication security Security of industrial control systems Designing "trojan-resilient" integrated circuits While CPS security techniques are constantly evolving, this book captures the latest advancements from many different fields. It should be a valuable resource for both professionals and students working in network, web, computer, or embedded system security.