Human error is regularly viewed as an inevitable part of everyday life. In many cases the results of human error are harmless and correctable, but in cases where injury and death can occur, reduction of error is imperative. An integration of useful how-to-do-it information, Human Error: Causes and Control covers theories, methods, and specific techniques for controlling human error. It provides ideas, concepts, and examples from which selections can be made to fit the needs of a particular situation. Detailed, practical, and broad in scope, the book explores the field of human error, including its identification, its probable cause, and how it can be reasonably controlled or prevented.

Experts in human factors, design engineering, and law, the authors explore and apply known generic principles effective in the prevention of consumer error, worker fault, managerial mistakes, and organizational blunders. They discuss errors and their effects in our increasingly complex technological society and delineate how to devise a proper framework, select workable concepts and techniques, and then implement them. Exploring widespread applications of the techniques, the book illustrates how to achieve a fully integrated, process-compatible, comprehensive, user-effective, and methodologically sound model.

With an ever-increasing number of liability lawsuits, are corporations electing to play it safe rather than risk the uncertainties accompanying innovation? In The Liability Maze experts address the issues surrounding safety and innovation and present the most detailed and comprehensive study to date on the actual impact of U.S. liability law. In recent decades it has been widely assumed that liability laws promote safety by significantly raising the price companies must pay for negligence, product defects and accidents. More recently, others have suggested that the broad and unpredictable sweep of these laws actually deters innovation. The risks of lawsuits are so great that corporations are showing more caution in product innovation than ever before. The contributors focus on five sectors of the economy where the liability system appears to have had the greatest effects, positive or negative: the private aircraft, automobile, chemical, and pharmaceutical industries, and the medical profession. They suggest that in many sectors liability law has hampered innovation. In others it has stimulated safety improvements, although perhaps not so much as vigilant safety regulations.

John Ridley and Dick Pearce, both recognized specialists in machinery safety, guide the reader through the various standards, regulations and best practices relating to the safe design and use of machinery and show which standard is relevant for which type of machine. "Safety with Machinery" provides a basic grounding in machinery safety and covers safeguarding philosophy and strategy, typical hazards, risk assessment and reduction, guarding techniques, ergonomic considerations, safe use of equipment and plant layout. All types of safeguards are discussed - mechanical, interlocking, electrical / electronic / programmable, hydraulic, pneumatic.
The new edition has been updated throughout in line with changes in regulations and standards. The section on electric, electronic and programmable safety systems has been expanded to reflect their increasing importance. The book now focuses on the harmonised standards (e.g. EN ISO 13849, IEC/EN 61131-2) which can be used by manufacturers to self-certify their machines for the European market without the need for third party examination, but also covers other relevant standards (e.g. IEC 62061). Many practical examples set the regulations in context and assist in the interpretation of the various standards.
"Safety with Machinery" is essential reading for all engineers involved in machinery design and maintenance all over the world as every machine sold within or into the EU needs to conform to the harmonised standards. It also provides health and safety professionals, students and employee representatives, as well as certification bodies, health and safety inspectors and safety regulators with a comprehensive overview of machinery safety.
* Explains which standard is relevant for which type of machine
* Helps manufacturers to self-certify their machines for the EU market
* All types of safeguards are discussed - mechanical, interlocking, electrical/electronic/programmable, hydraulic, pneumatic

An Introduction to Radiation Protection is a highly readable account of the nature of the hazards presented by ionizing radiation and the methods of protection for those new to the field and for the non-specialist. The sixth edition of this established text takes readers through the general background of the subject, the technical principles underlying the control of radiation hazards, radiation detection and measurement, and the biological effects of radiation. These principles are followed by a consideration of radiation protection issues in the nuclear industry, the non-nuclear sector, and the medical field. Further specialised topics include risk assessment, waste management and decommissioning, radiological incidents and emergencies, relevant legislation, and organizational issues. Supplemented by clear diagrams and photographs, summary sections, and revision questions, the book is suitable for the beginner as well as the more advanced radiation practitioner. It remains an ideal primer for those working in the nuclear industry, nuclear medicine technicians, radiographers and medical physics technicians, health and safety executives and occupational health professionals. It is also an invaluable companion for anyone training or undertaking a course in radiation protection.

Regulating risks in modern societies increasingly involves governments guiding and co-opting corporate risk management systems. This book examines the feasibility of this with reference to occupational health and safety on Britain's railways. It raises important questions about how workplace risks are managed and what influence the law can have in this. These issues are especially significant in the wake of major rail disasters and in the face of the increasing popularity of risk-based approaches to corporate governance.

The process industry has developed integrated process safety management programs to reduce or eliminate incidents and major consequences, such as injury, loss of life, property damage, environmental harm, and business interruption. Good documentation practices are a crucial part of retaining past knowledge and experience, and avoiding relearning old lessons. Following an introduction, which offers examples of how proper documentation might have prevented major explosions and serious incidents, the 21 sections in this book clearly present aims, goals, and methodology in all areas of documentation. The text contains examples of dozens of needed forms, lists of relevant industry organizations, sources for software, references, OSHA regulations, sample plans, and more.

"Covers every possible security issue. A practical, ?nuts-and bolts? approach with concrete ideas that are usable in all schools."
Larry Leapley, Principal
Trenton High School, Trenton, Michigan

Fire safety is a major concern in many industries, particularly as there have been significant increases in recent years in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants are becoming larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas, and the hazards are continually highlighted with incidents such as the fires and explosions at the Piper Alpha oil and gas platform, and the Enschede firework factory. As a result, greater attention than ever before is now being given to the evaluation and control of these hazards.

In a comprehensive treatment of the subject unavailable elsewhere, this book describes in detail the applications of hazard and risk analysis to fire safety, going on to develop and apply quantification methods. It also gives an explanation in quantitative terms of improvements in fire safety in association with the costs that are expended in their achievement. Furthermore, a quantitative approach is applied to major fire and explosion disasters to demonstrate crucial faults and events.

Featuring:

Full international coverage and a review of several major fires and explosion disasters.Presentation of the properties and science of fire including the latest research.Detailed coverage of the performance of fire safety measures.

This is an essential book for practitioners in fire safety engineering, loss prevention professionals, technical personnel in insurance companies as well as academics involved in fire science and postgraduate students. This book is also a useful reference for fire safety officers, building designers, engineers in the process industries, safety practitioners and risk assessment consultants.

Completely revised and updated, taking the scientific rigor to a whole new level, the second edition of the Occupational Ergonomics Handbook is now available in two volumes. This new organization demonstrates the enormous amount of advances that have occurred in the field since the publication of the first edition. The second edition not only provides more information but makes it more accessible. Each volume narrows the focus while broadening the coverage, supplying immediate access to important information. One of the most comprehensive sources for ergonomic knowledge available, written by leading experts, providing both sound theory and practical examples, this book is a valuable resource for anyone in the field. Fundamental and Assessment Tools for Occupational Ergonomics merges the frontiers of ergonomics, workplace design, and management issues. The editors have brought together researchers from disciplines such as biomechanics, anthropometry, and cognitive science with pioneering practitioners in industry. They discuss tools of the trade, upper extremity analysis, backs, interventions, management issues, design for ergonomics, principles of product design, band-aid approaches, processing, distribution centers, and service systems. The handbook is a compendium of information authored by top-flight investigators who represent the cutting edge of opinion, research, and interest in the field.

Providing quality research for the reader, this title encompasses all the recent developments in smart sensor technology for health monitoring in aerospace structures, providing a valuable introduction to damage detection techniques. Focussing on engineering applications, all chapters are written by smart structures and materials experts from aerospace manufacturers and research/academic institutions.

This key reference: Discusses the most important aspects related to smart technologies for damage detection; this includes not only monitoring techniques but also aspects related to specifications, design parameters, assessment and qualification routes.Presents real case studies and applications; this includes in-flight tests; the work presented goes far beyond academic research applications.Displays a balance between theoretical developments and engineering applications

• Documents experiences of site managers in developing countries to improve the research and practice and ultimately safety performance of the construction industry • Essential reading for construction managers, researchers and academics in the field of safety management, infrastructure delivery and project management

A one-stop reference guide to design for safety principles and applications Design for Safety (DfSa) provides design engineers and engineering managers with a range of tools and techniques for incorporating safety into the design process for complex systems. It explains how to design for maximum safe conditions and minimum risk of accidents. The book covers safety design practices, which will result in improved safety, fewer accidents, and substantial savings in life cycle costs for producers and users. Readers who apply DfSa principles can expect to have a dramatic improvement in the ability to compete in global markets. They will also find a wealth of design practices not covered in typical engineering books--allowing them to think outside the box when developing safety requirements. Design Safety is already a high demand field due to its importance to system design and will be even more vital for engineers in multiple design disciplines as more systems become increasingly complex and liabilities increase. Therefore, risk mitigation methods to design systems with safety features are becoming more important. Designing systems for safety has been a high priority for many safety-critical systems--especially in the aerospace and military industries. However, with the expansion of technological innovations into other market places, industries that had not previously considered safety design requirements are now using the technology in applications. Design for Safety Covers trending topics and the latest technologies Provides ten paradigms for managing and designing systems for safety and uses them as guiding themes throughout the book Logically defines the parameters and concepts, sets the safety program and requirements, covers basic methodologies, investigates lessons from history, and addresses specialty topics within the topic of Design for Safety (DfSa) Supplements other books in the series on Quality and Reliability Engineering Design for Safety is an ideal book for new and experienced engineers and managers who are involved with design, testing, and maintenance of safety critical applications. It is also helpful for advanced undergraduate and postgraduate students in engineering. Design for Safety is the second in a series of "Design for" books. Design for Reliability was the first in the series with more planned for the future.

Dictionary & Thesaurus of Environment, Health & Safety is the first and only dictionary/thesaurus to focus on the usage and structure of environment, health, and safety terminology. Containing nearly 600 pages, this book features thousands of terms that may be hard to find in any other reference source. Thesaurus terms are presented under broad subject categories, and all acronyms found in the thesaurus are listed with their reciprocal phrases. A separate section features a mini-thesaurus for Department of Energy vocabulary. ANSI standards were used to construct the thesaurus, and definitions are included for most terms, with acronyms indicating the source(s) of the definitions. Dictionary & Thesaurus of Environment, Health & Safety provides a semantic structure for environment, health, and safety terminology and will prove invaluable for anyone involved in the management of programs and information systems that use these terms.

This book deals with the present and future situation with Quality and Safety management Systems (QMS and SMS). It presents new ideas, points to the basic misunderstandings in the two management systems, and covers a wide range of industries, as well as providing a practical assessment of scientific theory. It explains the fundamental misunderstanding of what Quality and Safety is from a practical point of view and how to improve them by integrating the two systems from the perspective that Quality-I is Safety-II.

Contents:
1. Overview of Construction Site Safety Issues. Section One: International Comparisons. 2. Societal Influences on Safety Culture in the Construction Industry. 3. Construction Site Safety in China. 4. A Study of the Present Situation and Reform of Construction Safety Supervision in Shenzhen. 5. Analysis of Construction Site Injuries in Palestine. Section Two: Safety Management Issues. 6. An Overview of Safety Management Systems. 7. Safety Culture, Climate and Performance Measurement. 8. Attitudes of Construction Managers to the Performance Approach to Construction Worker Safety. 9. An Investigation into the Effectiveness of Partnering in Promoting Health and Safety Management on Construction Sites. 10. Multi-layers Subcontracting Practice in the Hong Kong Construction Industry. 11. Integration of Safety Planning and the Communication of Risk Information within Existing Structures. 12. The Use of Project Management Techniques in the Management of Safety and Health in Construction Projects. 13. Integrating Safety into Production Planning and Control: An Empirical Study in the Refurbishment of an Industrial Building. 14. Management of Construction Site Safety During Projects: The "5S" System. Section Three: Health Issues. 15. Health: The Poor Relation in Health and Safety? 16. Job, Family and Individual Characteristics Associated with Professional "Burnout" in the Australian Construction Industry. 17. Health - Safety's Poor Cousin - The Challenge for the Future. 18. Indoor Air Quality Problems in Buildings in the United States. Section Four: Training and Education. 19. Health and Safety Training and Education: A Case of Neglect? 20. The Exposure of British Construction Management Degrees Students to Health and Safety Learning and Assessment: Are We Fulfilling our Duty of Care? 21. Tertiary Built Environment Construction Health and Safety Education. 22. First Aid and Preventive Safety Training: the Case for an Integrated Aproach. Section Five: Safety Technology. 23. Safety and Technology. 24. A Report on Research Investigating the Practical Usefulness of Current Fall Prevention and Protection Methods When Working at Heights. 25. Comparative Study on Safety and Use of Bamboo and Metal Scaffolding in Hong Kong. 26. Trenching Accidents and Fatalities: Identifying Causes and Implementing Changes. Section Six: Accident Analysis. 27. The Need for Accident Reporting Systems: Legal Versus Company Needs. 28. financial and Social Consts of Construction Accidents. 29. Towards Effective Safety Performance Measurement - Evaluation of Existing Techniques and Proposals for the Future. 30. Utilising the Modified Loss Causation Model for the Codification and Analysis of Accident Data. 31. Construction Supervision in China.

The second edition of Nuclear Safety provides the most up to date methods and data needed to evaluate the safety of nuclear facilities and related processes using risk-informed safety analysis, and provides readers with new techniques to assess the consequences of radioactive releases. Gianni Petrangeli provides applies his wealth of experience to expertly guide the reader through an analysis of nuclear safety aspects, and applications of various well-known cases. Since the first edition was published in 2006, the Fukishima 2011 inundation and accident has brought a big change in nuclear safety experience and perception. This new edition addresses lessons learned from the 2011 Fukishima accident, provides further examples of nuclear safety application and includes consideration of the most recent operational events and data. This thoroughly updated resource will be particularly valuable to industry technical managers and operators and the experts involved in plant safety evaluation and controls. This book will satisfy generalists with an ample spectrum of competences, specialists within the nuclear industry, and all those seeking for simple plant modelling and evaluation methods. New to this edition: Up to date analysis on recent events within the field, particularly events at Fukushima Further examples of application on safety analysis New ways to use the book through calculated examples

Contents:
1. Introduction: Costs associated with occupational stress: Risk Management of stress: The Structure of the book: 2. The Effects of Stress on Employee-Related Outcomes: Absenteeism, Turnover and Productivity: Work-Related Accidents: 3. Environmental Factors and Occupational Safety: Organisational Accidents: Organisation and Management: Safety Management Practices: Safety Culture: Safety Climate: Leadership: Supervision: Safety Subclimates: 4. Psychological Factors and Occupational Safety: Human Factors: Human Error: Violations: Accident Proneness: Personality Characteristics: Risk Propensity: 5. Job-Stress and Work-Related Accidents: Job Stress and Unsafe Acts: Job Stress and Safety Behavior: Individual Differences: 6. A Risk Management Approach to Occupational Stress: The Concept of Risk Assessment: Risk Assessment Methodologies: Risk Assessment of Occupational Stress: Risk Evaluation: Risk Reduction: Stress Interventions: 7. Assessment of Job Stress: Stress Audit Tools: Case Study - Stress Auditing at Somerset County Council: Stage One: Assessment of Job Stress: 8. Risk Evaluation: Risk Factors: Assessing Safety Risks: Case Study - Managing Stress and Accidents in the Offshore Oil and Gas Industry: Stage Two: Risk Evaluation: Risk Control: 9. Risk Reduction: Secondary / Tertiary Stress Prevention: Primary Stress Prevention: Reducing Safety Risks: Stage Three: Risk Reduction: Index

Although several U.S. and European airlines have started providing human factors training to their maintenance personnel, the academic community (some 300 academic programs in the United States and several others in Europe and Asia) has not yet started offering formal human factors education to maintenance students. The highly respected authors strongly believe in incorporating the human factors principles in aviation maintenance. This is the first of two volumes providing effective behavioural guidance on risk management in aviation maintenance for both the novice and the experienced maintenance personnel. Its practical guidelines assist both student and practising aviation maintenance personnel to develop sustainable safety culture. For the maintenance community it provides some theoretical discussion about the "Why?" for risk management and then focus on the 'How?' to implement a successful error reduction program. To help the maintenance community in making a strong case to their financial managers, the authors also discuss the return on investment for risk management programs. The issue of risk management is taken at two levels. First, it provides a basic awareness information to those who have little or no knowledge of maintenance human factors. Second, it provides a set of practical tools for the more experienced people so that they can be more effective in risk management and error recovery in their jobs. This invaluable book serves as a practical guide as well as an academic textbook. The book covers fundamental human factors principles from a risk management perspective. Upon reading this informative book, the audience will be able to apply the basic principles of risk management to aviation maintenance environment, and they will be able to use low-risk behaviours in their daily work.

Covering both underlying theory and practical applications, Laser Safety provides a unique and readily-understandable review of current laser safety. This resource explains in detail the biological effects of laser radiation, particularly on the eye, and the provisions and requirements of the international laser safety standard IEC 60825-1, including a full description of the recently revised system of laser classification. It elucidates the rationale for the often-complex laser emission and exposure limits given in the standard, and provides detailed guidance for using the standard to carry out quantitative laser assessments. The authors also discuss practical issues of risk assessment, safety controls, eye protection, and laser safety management. This practical and comprehensive handbook will be useful for anyone involved in laser safety, including academic and medical researchers, laser manufacturers, and compliance officers.

Working in a stressful environment not only increases the risk of physical illness or distress, but also increases the likelihood of workplace accidents. While legislation provides some guidelines for risk assessment of physical hazards, there remains limited guidance on the risks of psychosocial hazards, such as occupational stress.
This book takes the risk management approach to stress evaluation in the workplace, offering practical guidelines for the audit, assessment and mitigation of workplace stressors. Based on both research and case-studies, this book provides a comprehensive source of theoretical and practical information for students and practitioners alike.
This book includes chapters on:
*environmental stress factors
* psychological stress factors
*work-related accidents
*job stress evaluation methods
With its up-to-date approach to a fascinating area of study, Managing the Risk of Workplace Stress is key reading for all students of organizational psychology and those responsible for workplace safety.

This book makes Hazardous or Electrical Area Classification simple. In plants processing flammable materials, every effort is made to avoid the escape of such materials and in addition, stringent measures are taken to exclude sources of ignition. A complex array of standards surround this topic which has lead to an overly conservative approach being taken. This type of approach means that much more expensive electrical apparatus than is necessary is installed.
To avoid this unnecessary expenditure, Dr Groh clearly explains the relevant standards, so that accurate assessment of the risks associated with hazardous areas is possible. He also identifies possible ignition sources and methods of designing apparatus which do not cause sparks thereby maintaining safety.
* Covers must-have information regarding IEC/CENELEC standards in electrical or hazardous area classification
* Provides a clear overview of a complex area

This book summarises the British legislation covering electrical safety, including those regulations derived from European directives. It also addresses the legislation relating to the supply and use of safety-related electrotechnical control systems, particularly on machinery.

As well as describing the legal framework, and the main legal duties and applicable standards, the book describes electrical hazards and how they arise; the types of accidents and dangerous occurrences associated with the use of electricity; the main safety precautions and protection techniques; testing and maintenance of electrical systems; safety during testing work; the safety of electrical installations and equipment used in flammable atmospheres; and the particular risks associated with underground cables and construction activity.

The Fourth Edition has been completely rewritten and expanded to include

. legislation (such as the Provision and Use of Work Equipment Regulations 1999), standards and guidance material issued or amended since the last edition.

. a new chapter on safety related electrotechnical control systems, incorporating commentary on BS EN 954-1 and BS IEC 61508, the main generic standards addressing the safety integrity of such systems.

. a new chapter on the competence of practitioners working with electrical systems and safety-related control systems.

"This book will make a very useful addition to any safety library and will provide a good reference source on electrical safety-" Safety and Health Practitioner, November 2002

Marine accidents can occur at any time and everywhere in the world, resulting in loss of life, property, environment and reputation of the companies involved. Preventing accidents and establishing a safer world without accidents is an important agenda for the maritime industry. Since the enforcement of the International Safety Management Code in 1998, companies have taken various kinds of measures to prevent accidents. Unfortunately, measures have been undertaken in a disorganized manner, and have not been effective. Experts of risk management, the safety management system, and accident models have each undertaken accident preventive measures within the scope of their specific fields, but have not looked beyond the realm of their own fields. This book discusses systematic accident prevention by integrating multi-disciplinary expertise based on academic research, the quality management system which has already proved its effectiveness in other fields, and findings of the author's research. In systematic accident prevention, the weaknesses of a system within which accidents and incidents have occurred are viewed by combining scientific accident investigation data based on the International Maritime Organization model and the accident model. The nature of every type of marine accident, such as collisions, groundings, occupational casualties, etc., are derived by combining the accident model and statistical data. System weaknesses are rectified by the risk reduction method of risk management, and the rectified performance is incorporated in improvement in the system by the PDCA cycle, which is the core of the Safety Management System. We can see the weakness in the system and reduce the number of accidents and incidents while utilizing limited resources optimally to prevent accidents and incidents.

For exam prep courses in clinical lab science and medical technology. A complete study guide for national certification and state licensure exams SUCCESS! in Clinical Laboratory Science is an all-in-one summary and review of major clinical laboratory science content areas. Known for its concise summaries and rationales, this long-trusted guide prepares students for national certification, state licensure, and undergraduate exams. With more than 2,000 practice questions, the 5th edition has significant new coverage spanning medical fields, plus revised questions and rationales reflecting the most current clinical laboratory practices, technology, and terminology.