The introduction of artificial lighting extends the time of wakefulness after dark and enables work at night, thus disturbing the human circadian rhythm. The understanding of the physiological mechanisms of visual and non-visual systems may be important for the development and use of proper light infrastructure and light interventions for different workplace settings, especially for shift work conditions. Visual and Non-Visual Effects of Light: Working Environment and Well-Being presents the impact of lighting in the working environment on human health, well-being and visual performance. The physiological explanation of the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans which discusses the biological bases of image and non-image forming vision at the cellular level may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of medicine, physiology, and biology. It is one of the intentions of this book to put forward some recommendations and examples of lighting design which take into account both the visual and non-visual effects of light on humans. These may be of particular interest to any professional in the field of lighting, occupational safety and health, and interior design. "What effects on health can a light 'overdose' or light deficiency have? What is bad light? The authors of the monograph provide answers to these questions. Just as for a physicist, the dual nature of light comprises an electromagnetic wave and a photon, the duality of light for a physician comprises visual and non-visual effects." --------------------------------------------------------Prof Jacek Przybylski, Medical University of Warsaw "This is a unique publication in the field of lighting technology. The authors have skillfully combined both the technical and biomedical aspects involved, which is unprecedented in the literature available. As a result, an important study has been created for many professional groups, with a significant impact on the assessment of risks associated with LED sources." --------------------------------------------Prof Andrzej Zajac, Military University of Technology, Warsaw

Head, Eye, and Face Personal Protective Equipment: New Trends, Practice, and Applications presents protective equipment in the context of the latest design trends, materials, and technologies. It informs the reader using basic safety principles to avoid issues with commonly used personal protective equipment (PPE), such as helmets and eye and face protectors. It provides the latest design trends in eye and face protectors to avoid optical hazards and for use in variable lighting conditions. Features: * Fills the gap on current solutions of PPE and occupational safety * Educates in reducing risk connected with using industrial safety gear * Helpful to optometrists in the selection of eye protection for people with visual impairments * Instructs the reader on choosing smart materials and safety products * Provides best practices for checking the technical condition of the equipment This book is essential for the safety professional and medical experts in the field. It provides an interdisciplinary approach to personal protective equipment using new technologies in the field. "The monograph Head, Eye, and Face Personal Protective Equipment - New Trends, Practice and Applications is a complementary and thoughtful but selected compilation of the most relevant information concerning protective helmets as well as eye and face protection. The compilation of these two protection types is the result of the common use of both protective helmets and eye and face protectors. This requires their full compatibility, both in terms of ensuring optimum safety and comfort of use. The authors have chosen the material according to the needs of people directly responsible for safety at work and users of those protectors. The main aim of the work is to popularise knowledge in the field of construction, research methods, selection and use of protective helmets and eye and face protectors. In terms of use, the authors emphasise the necessity of independent control, i.e. checking the technical condition of the equipment used by the end users. The presented monograph includes the current state of knowledge in this scope, extended by the results and summaries of the authors' own research. All requirements and research methods are given based on European (EN), international (ISO) standards and standards operating in different geographical areas. The monograph also encompasses new trends in the design of protective helmets and eye and face protectors. All this allows me to emphasize the uniqueness of this monograph in relation to previous publications in this field, both in terms of the scope and selection of information concerning protective helmets and eye and face protectors." - Ryszard Korycki, Lodz University of Technology

This book provides a comprehensive yet accessible overview of all relevant topics in the field of radiation protection (health physics). The text is organized to introduce the reader to basic principles of radiation emission and propagation, to review current knowledge and historical aspects of the biological effects of radiation, and to cover important operational topics such as radiation shielding and dosimetry. The author's website contains materials for instructors including PowerPoint slides for lectures and worked-out solutions to end-of-chapter exercises. The book serves as an essential handbook for practicing health physics professionals.

Around the world, the production and use of nanomaterials, as well as carcinogenic, mutagenic, reprotoxic substances (CMR) and endocrine disruptors has systematically increased. The increase in production has exposed workers to hazardous substances in practically all branches of the world economy. Readers will have access to up-to-date and comprehensive knowledge on emerging risks related to nanomaterials, endocrine disruptors, reprotoxic, carcinogenic and mutagenic substances, which are related to the development of technologies and workplaces. The book will provide the tools for occupational risk assessment of chemical substances for which there are no safety levels of exposure as well as an indication of methods and measurements to protect human health and reduce chemical risks at the workplace. This book creates awareness for employers, employees and safety experts about emerging risks related to chemical agents resulting in the reduction of cancer, reproductive system diseases, cases of abnormal child development, hormonal system disorders leading to abnormal metabolism, obesity, and diabetes. Features: Comprehensive information on emerging and newly identified chemical hazards Delivers the latest data on methods and tools for identification, assessing and reducing health risks Provides practical occupational safety advice and recommendations Real life examples from measurements carried out in the workplaces "The monograph, due to the high universality of its considerations, can be addressed to a very wide audience. It is an important compendium of knowledge, which can be used by health and safety services, employers, people designing new technologies and those interested in this issue. It is a valuable and up-to-date study, among others because it uses the latest literature and quotes current legal acts." -Slawomir Czerczak, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, Poland

This book describes psychosocial working conditions that negatively impact the mental and physical well-being of employees of various "assistance-related" professional groups, as well as individuals whose work is related to contact with demanding clients. It offers concepts and research on the causes and effects of emotional burden (most often manifested as stress and burnout) when working with patients, children, and clients. The book provides a detailed analysis of various aspects of emotional burden at work. It includes a description of studies carried out in 5 different professional groups that were exposed to emotional burden during emotional work and emotional labour. The book discusses the application of known and international diagnostic methods and provides an intercultural comparison. The current diagnosis of stress and burnout, as well as physical and mental health of individuals performing emotional work will be covered, as well as offering practical solutions on assistance for individuals based on the diagnosis of their health. This book is for any professional or aspiring professional in the field, including postgraduate students. Scientists and practitioners in the field of work and health psychology, management, occupational health and safety, and HR will find this book of interest. Employers of assistance and services sectors, authorities formulating employment laws, lawyers, and occupational medicine physicians are also among this book's top audience.

Violence is defined by the World Health Organisation as the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, which either results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, or psychological harm. But while physical violence is seen as unacceptable, why is psychological violence still treated as a secondary concern? This timely book challenges the way harm and violence in the workplace have been conceptualised, translated into law and presented in organisational and management discourse. The authors argue that addressing psychological violence warrants a fresh approach that acknowledges the limits of current thinking and that centres on protecting the values of ethical practice and the people who contribute to organisations, productivity, and the community. Psychological Violence in the Workplace challenges the status quo and advocates a new approach for understanding and responding to the problem of victimisation at work. This book will be of interest to academics and practitioners in the fields of criminology, victimology, law, human resource management, and workplace health and safety.

Gas Mixtures provides practical suggestions and calculations for producing multicomponent test gas atmospheres. General topics addressed include sorbent evaluation, methods development, dosimeter testing, instrument calibration, atmospheric simulation, and gas analysis. Learn the tricks of the trade for producing gas mixtures over a wide range of concentrations using even the most difficult-to-handle materials. Gas Mixtures is a must for industrial hygienists, air pollution control specialists, analytical chemists, and others working in such areas as health and safety, air pollution, air cleaning, and respirator and carbon research.

This book bridges the gap between risk assessment and fire safety engineering like few other resources. As all required knowledge for Probability and Statistics for Fire Engineering is included in the preliminary chapters, the book is suitable for teaching Fire Engineering components in a wide range of engineering courses for senior graduates and for postgraduate students of Fire Engineering. It will also serve as a comprehensive reference for professionals. This book describes the theory and the models involved in risk analysis, and includes case studies of multiple fire scenarios. Building fire safety and human behavioural responses to these scenarios show the benefits of risk-based fire safety design.

Settled Asbestos Dust Sampling and Analysis compiles the most significant data on asbestos in settled dust. This ready reference presents an analysis of settled dusts and surface particles of all sizes for asbestosthat is useful for qualitative and quantitative assessment and helps to determine the source of fibers. The main scope of this reference includes sample collection, sample analyses, and interpretation of settled dust data, as well as the use of such data for purposes including asbestos abatement projects and in-place management programs. Sections on lead and other particulates are also included.

This book is a methodological approach to the goal-based safety design procedure that will soon be an international requirement. This is the first single volume book to describe how to satisfy safety goals by modern reliability engineering. Its focus is on the quantitative aspects of the international standards using a methodological approach. Case studies illustrate the methodologies presented.

There used to be a specific safety analysis model to follow that fit all situations, but more and more, that thinking is being replaced by a more practical, adaptive approach based on specific personnel, functions, and the facilities involved. Dan Petersen captures this new way of thinking in his completely updated and revised classic reference, Analyzing Safety System Effectiveness. Establishing a three-part paradigm, he uses a step-by-step approach safety professionals can use to develop flexible new plans for analyzing the physical, managerial, and behavioral aspects of their existing safety programs:

• "Analyzing Safety Performance" describes the various ways to effectively analyze performance.
• "The Areas to Analyze" looks at specific ways of evaluating management and staff skills and behavior.
• "The Change Process" examines the processes of interpreting results, devising plans, and implementing change.

This book is a useful reference work for practicing engineers in their evaluation and design of systems for the control of the industrial in-plant environment. It provides design criteria, useful calculations and proven techniques to control the environment in oil refineries and chemical industries.

Andrew Furness and Martin Muckett give an introduction to all areas of fire safety management, including the legal framework, causes and prevention of fire and explosions, fire protection measures, fire risk assessment, and fire investigation. Fire safety is not treated as an isolated area but linked into an effective health and safety management system.
"Introduction to Fire Safety Management" has been developed for the NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management and is also suitable for other NVQ level 3 and 4 fire safety courses. The text is highly illustrated in full colour, easy to read and supported by checklists, report forms and record sheets. This practical approach makes the book a valuable reference for health and safety professionals, fire officers, facility managers, safety reps, managers, supervisors and HR personnel in companies, as well as fire safety engineers, architects, construction managers and emergency fire services personnel.
Andrew Furness CFIOSH, GIFireE, Dip2OSH, MIIRSM, MRSH, is Managing Director of Salvus Consulting Limited who specialise in Fire Safety. He was the chairman of the NEBOSH / IOSH working party that developed the NEBOSH Fire Safety and Risk Management certificate.
Martin Muckett MA, MBA, CMIOSH, MIFireE, Dip2OSH, former Principal Health and Safety Advisor to The Fire Service Inspectorate and Principal Fire Safety Officer, Martin is currently Salvus Consulting Limited's Senior Fire Safety Trainer / Consultant.
* Fully covers the syllabus for the NEBOSH Certificate in Fire Safety and Risk Management
* Student-friendly presentation in full colour packed with illustrations and photographs
* Includes a summary oflegislation relevant to fire safety, ideal as a reference for students as well as practitioners

Our fascination with new technologies is based on the assumption that more powerful automation will overcome human limitations and make our systems 'faster, better, cheaper,' resulting in simple, easy tasks for people. But how does new technology and more powerful automation change our work? Research in Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) looks at the intersection of people, technology, and work. What it has found is not stories of simplification through more automation, but stories of complexity and adaptation. When work changed through new technology, practitioners had to cope with new complexities and tighter constraints. They adapted their strategies and the artifacts to work around difficulties and accomplish their goals as responsible agents. The surprise was that new powers had transformed work, creating new roles, new decisions, and new vulnerabilities. Ironically, more autonomous machines have created the requirement for more sophisticated forms of coordination across people, and across people and machines, to adapt to new demands and pressures. This book synthesizes these emergent Patterns though stories about coordination and mis-coordination, resilience and brittleness, affordance and clumsiness in a variety of settings, from a hospital intensive care unit, to a nuclear power control room, to a space shuttle control center. The stories reveal how new demands make work difficult, how people at work adapt but get trapped by complexity, and how people at a distance from work oversimplify their perceptions of the complexities, squeezing practitioners. The authors explore how CSE observes at the intersection of people, technology, and work, how CSE abstracts patterns behind the surface details and wide variations, and how CSE discovers promising new directions to help people cope with complexities. The stories of CSE show that one key to well-adapted work is the ability to be prepared to be surprised. Are you ready?

Nothing has been more prolific over the past century than human/machine interaction. Automobiles, telephones, computers, manufacturing machines, robots, office equipment, machines large and small; all affect the very essence of our daily lives. However, this interaction has not always been efficient or easy and has at times turned fairly hazardous. Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) seeks to improve this situation by the careful study of human/machine interaction as the meaningful behavior of a unified system. Written by pioneers in the development of CSE, Joint Cognitive Systems: Foundations of Cognitive Systems Engineering offers a principled approach to studying human work with complex technology. The authors use a top-down, functional approach and emphasize a proactive (coping) perspective on work that overcomes the limitations of the structural human information processing view. They describe a conceptual framework for analysis with concrete theories and methods for joint system modeling that can be applied across the spectrum of single human/machine systems, social/technical systems, and whole organizations. The book explores both current and potential applications of CSE illustrated by examples. Understanding the complexities and functions of the human/machine interaction is critical to designing safe, highly functional, and efficient technological systems. This is a critical reference for students, designers, and engineers in a wide variety of disciplines.

An Insightful Guide to Avoiding Offshore Oil- and Gas-Industry Disaster Designing, constructing, operating, and maintaining offshore oil and gas industry equipment and systems can sometimes result in accidents, injuries, and other serious problems. Safety and Reliability in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Practical Approach focuses on oil and gas industry equipment reliability, offers useful and up-to-date information on the subject, and covers in a single volume the most common safety and reliability engineering issues in the oil and gas industry. The book introduces the latest developments in the area, and provides relevant methods and approaches. It also presents important aspects of various case studies on major accidents in the oil and gas industry, and considers human factors that contribute to accidents and fatalities in the area of oil and gas. Additionally, this book describes: Mathematical concepts Oil and gas industry equipment reliability characteristics Accident data and analysis Mathematical models used for performing safety and reliability-related analyses in the industry Safety and Reliability in the Oil and Gas Industry: A Practical Approach covers important aspects of safety in the offshore oil and gas industry. A reference designed with engineering professionals in mind, this book can also be used in oil- and gas-industry-related courses, and serves as a guide for anyone concerned with safety and reliability in the area of oil and gas.

Each year billions of dollars are being spent in the area of nuclear power generation to design, construct, manufacture, operate, and maintain various types of systems around the globe. Many times these systems fail due to safety, reliability, human factors, and human error related problems. The main objective of this book is to combine nuclear power plant safety, reliability, human factors, and human error into a single volume for those individuals that work closely during the nuclear power plant design phase, as well as other phases, thus eliminating the need to consult many different and diverse sources in obtaining the desired information.

Adopting a strategic approach to risk management can maximize competitiveness and profitability. Total Safety and Productivity approaches offer managers a set of methods and tools to apply a Total Safety Management (TSM) philosophy to achieve this. The capability to anticipate, assess and plan for risks associated with future operations is a critical success factor, for enterprises of all types and sizes. The ability to risk assess actual operations with an easy to apply, resilient methodology can offer significant benefits in terms of the capacity to improve safety and performance.

This book describes approaches that can be used alone or jointly to improve safety management in any organization. The methods are based on academic best practice and have been developed by leading experts, but are presented here in a practical way for application in industry by non-experts. The book outlines a professional approach to risk and safety management, which requires goal setting, planning and the measurement of performance, and encourages a safety management system that is woven holistically into the fabric of an organization so that it becomes part of the culture, the way people do their jobs, and helps ensure that issues are correctly prioritized and managed as they emerge.

This book is essential reading for professionals, at both expert and non-expert level, who are interested in applying the TSM philosophy within their organization.

Accident prevention is a common thread throughout every aspect of our society. However, even with the most current technological developments, keeping people safe and healthy, both at workplaces and at other daily activities, is still a continual challenge. When it comes to work environments, ergonomics and human factors knowledge can play an important role and, therefore, must be included in, or be a part of, the safety management as a cross-disciplinary area concerned with the understanding of actual work situations and potential variables. This multidisciplinary approach will ultimately ensure the safety, health, and well-being of all collaborators. The main goal of this book is to present theories and models, and to describe practices to foster and promote safer work and working environments. This book offers: * Examples of field practices that can be reproduced in other scenarios * Applications of new methods for risk assessment * Methods on how to apply and integrate human factors and ergonomics in accident prevention and safety management * Coverage of human factors and ergonomics in safety culture * New methods for accident analysis This book is a compilation of contributions from invited authors organized in three main topics from eleven countries and is intended to cover specific aspects of safety and human factors management ranging from case studies to the development of theoretical models. Hopefully, the works presented in the book can be an inspiration for translating research into useful actions and, ultimately, making a relevant and tangible contribution to the safety of our daily and work settings.

There is perhaps no facet of modern society where the influence of computer automation has not been felt. Flight management systems for pilots, diagnostic and surgical aids for physicians, navigational displays for drivers, and decision-aiding systems for air-traffic controllers, represent only a few of the numerous domains in which powerful new automation technologies have been introduced. The benefits that have been reaped from this technological revolution have been many. At the same time, automation has not always worked as planned by designers, and many problems have arisen--from minor inefficiencies of operation to large-scale, catastrophic accidents. Understanding how humans interact with automation is vital for the successful design of new automated systems that are both safe and efficient. The influence of automation technology on human performance has often been investigated in a fragmentary, isolated manner, with investigators conducting disconnected studies in different domains. There has been little contact between these endeavors, although principles gleaned from one domain may have implications for another. Also, with a few exceptions, the research has tended to be empirical and only theory-driven. In recent years, however, various groups of investigators have begun to examine human performance in automated systems in general and to develop theories of human interaction with automation technology. This book presents the current theories and assesses the impact of automation on different aspects of human performance. Both basic and applied research is presented to highlight the general principles of human-computer interaction in several domains where automation technologies are widely implemented. The major premise is that a broad-based, theory-driven approach will have significant implications for the effective design of both current and future automation technologies. This volume will be of considerable value to researchers in human

This volume examines the nature of human error -- its causes and origins, its classifications, and the extent to which it is possible to predict and prevent errors and their impact. One of the first texts to deal with this topic in detail, it draws into a single cohesive account contributions from experts in a range of disciplines including psychology, philosophy, and engineering. Offering an insightful discussion of fundamental and necessary questions about the nature and source of human error, the book draws significant conclusions and identifies areas worthy of further exploration. This volume will be of interest to all who are concerned with the impact human error has on both the individual and society.

The Dictionary for Human Factors/Ergonomics is a major compilation of the basic terminology in the field of ergonomics. This unique dictionary contains over 8,000 terms representing all areas of human factors. For many terms, a commentary is provided to help place the term in perspective and elaborate on its use. Applicable acronyms and abbreviations are included. Two appendices are featured in the book as well. The first appendix is an alphabetical listing of abbreviations and acronyms with their respective terms for easy cross-referencing. The second appendix contains a list of national and international organizations involved in human factors/ergonomic research and/or applications. Peer-reviewed for accuracy and comprehensiveness, The Dictionary for Human Factors/Ergonomics is an essential reference for professionals, academics, and students in engineering, psychology, safety, law, and management. It is especially useful for human factors professionals working in government and industry.

The Workplace Walk-Through is the first volume in a series dedicated to providing physicians with more advanced tools for performing not only the routine tasks involved in occupational medicine, but also the most unusual and challenging assignments.

This volume seeks to answer the question: "Can findings from cognitive science enhance the user-computer interaction process?" In so doing, it recognizes that user-computer interfaces (UCIs) are often essential parts of an information or decision support system -- and often critical components of software-intensive systems of all kinds. From the outset, the authors note that the design, prototyping, and evaluation of user-computer interfaces are part of larger systems and are therefore ideally designed, developed, and evaluated as part of a larger design and developmental process or "life cycle." Thus, this book describes the process by which functional, nonfunctional, or display-oriented requirements are converted first into prototypes and then into working systems. While the process may at times seem almost mysterious, there is in fact a methodology that drives the process -- a methodology that is defined in terms of an adaptive life cycle. There are a number of steps or phases that comprise the standard life cycle, as well as methods, tools and techniques that permit each step to be taken. Describing the effort to implement this process to enhance user-computer interaction, this book presents a methodological approach that seeks to identify and apply findings from cognitive science to the design, prototyping, and evaluation of user-computer interfaces.

This text discusses the emerging trend in product development and research that focuses on the increasingly important relationship between computer systems and social systems. The text emphasizes the significance of building tools to help people work together and the need for the identification of key factors within an organization to create systems more beneficial to users. Also contained are reviews of current research and discussions of both established tools, such as electronic mail and computer conferencing, and those newly developed programs that emphasize "work group" productivity over individual productivity.