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Books > Business & Economics > Industry & industrial studies > Industrial relations & safety > Occupational / industrial health & safety
Wysong analyzes the nature and extent of the involvement of seven major health and safety professional organizations in the development of the most significant national reform effort in occupational health policy since the OSA Act of 1970: The High Risk Occupational Disease Notification and Prevention Act. The professions have long been a focus of study in sociology; however, this is the first book to examine how the interests and involvement of health professionals' organizations on a national health policy issue are linked to external interests and dynamic contextual factors. By illuminating how professional societies' policy choices are embedded within and shaped by economic and political contexts, Wysong refines prevailing new class interpretations of professionals' interests where policy reforms are concerned. This book should be of particular concern to scholars and researchers involved with medical sociology, the sociology of work, complex organizations, social change, and occupational health policy.
"Lives in Peril" demonstrates how and why seafarers are a vulnerable group of workers. It argues they are made so by the organisation and structure of their employment; the prioritisation of profit over safety by the actors that engage and control their labour; the limits of enforcement of the regulatory framework that is in place to protect them; and by their weakness as collective actors in relation to capital. The consequences of this vulnerability are seen in data on their occupationally-related morbidity and mortality - evidence that probably only represents a partial picture of the actual extent of the physical, mental and emotional harm resulting from work at sea. This volume's central argument is that this situation is likely to remain broadly unchanged as long as global maritime governance and regulation remains in thrall to the neo-liberal economic and political arguments that drive globalisation, and fails to enforce regulatory standards more robustly.
The auto industry is facing tough competition and severe economic constraints. Their products need to be designed "right the first time" with the right combinations of features that not only satisfy the customers but continually please and delight them by providing increased functionality, comfort, convenience, safety, and craftsmanship. Based on the author's forty plus years of experience as a human factors researcher, engineer, manager, and teacher who has conducted numerous studies and analyses, Ergonomics in the Automotive Design Process covers the entire range of ergonomics issues involved in designing a car or truck and provides evaluation techniques to avoid costly mistakes and assure high customer satisfaction. The book begins with the definitions and goals of ergonomics, historic background, and ergonomics approaches. It covers human characteristics, capabilities, and limitations considered in vehicle design in key areas such as anthropometry, biomechanics, and human information processing. It then examines how the driver and the occupants are positioned in the vehicle space and how package drawings and/or computer-aided design models are created from key vehicle dimensions used in the automobile industry. The author describes design tools used in the industry for occupant packaging, driver vision, and applications of other psychophysical methods. He covers important driver information processing concepts and models and driver error categories to understand key considerations and principles used in designing controls, displays, and their usages, including current issues related to driver workload and driver distractions. The author has included only the topics and materials that he found to be useful in designing car and truck products and concentrated on the ergonomic issues generally discussed in the automotive design studios and product development teams. He distills the information needed to be a member of an automotive product development team and create an ergonomically superior vehicle.
The internal combustion is widely used as a power source in
engineering. As the demands placed upon engines have increased,
tribology has come to play an increasingly important role in their
development.
Written and edited by engineering contractors and industry project/maintenance managers as an easy-to-use guide for other industry professionals, this book identifies important process safety issues in the contractor-client relationship, which are not addressed by other groups and publications. While the issues may arise at any point in the life cycle of a plant, they should be resolved early in the relationship to permit a clearer focus on process safety issues. Topics covered are a general discussion of contractor safety programs; EPC (engineering, procurement, construction) contractual bases and work division as they address regulatory PSM issues; subcontractor relationships; and managing contractor-client risks
Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies: Characterization, Waste Management, Reuse and Recycle, Author’s Statement on the Sustainability of Nuclear Decommissioning, Volume Six presents a selection of global case studies that focus on a range of technologies for the decontamination, dismantling, spent fuel treatment and recycling of nuclear decommissioning. The book presents best practices by analyzing errors and inadequacies, leading the reader to sound decision-making. The events covered in this publication range from national and local legislation, to regulatory positions, statements or recommendations, licensing steps and transition phases. Decommissioning experts, including regulators, operators, waste managers, researchers and academics will find this book to be suitable supplementary material to Michele Laraia’s reference works on the theory and applications of nuclear decommissioning. Alongside the other case studies books in this series, readers will obtain an understanding of various key case studies-what happened and what we can learn from them, to help supplement, solidify and strengthen their understanding of the topic.
Water and wastewater utility managers will find expert guidance on all issues regarding security and emergency preparedness and response in this book. Chapters cover Types of intentional and natural threats to water and wastewater systems Incidents in which biotoxins, infectious microbes, industrial and weaponized chemicals, and radioactive materials were used in the contamination of drinking water supplies US federal legislation and regulation of utility security and emergency preparedness The Water Sector Specific Plan Vulnerability assessment information, software, and tools for utilities Risk mitigation by physical systems, operational measures, policies and procedures, and contamination warning systems Response to incidents and threats Emergency management Contamination analysis Emergency response training Emergency communications with the public Remediation and recovery Response to pandemic flu outbreaks
Risk assessment is a highly important activity of numerous governmental health and regulatory bodies. It is on the accuracy of quantitative and qualitative measurement that the decisions of government policymakers depend. Those decisions, of course, are intended to manage risks. That management frequently involves regulations over a wide range of individual and environmental exposures. Bailar and his colleagues examine the methodological challenges faced by federal agencies involved in risk assessment and the sometimes controversial implications and consequences of methodological considerations. The authors query how, given a choice of methods, one is chosen; the role that method-related issues and problems may have in the acceptance of risk assessment findings; and what impact the controversies regarding methods have on the role of risk assessment in overall risk management. Ten hazards, as assessed by a range of federal agencies with a variety of assessment methods, give topicality and specificity to the analysis. Among the risks addressed are ethylene dibromide, formaldehyde, passive smoking, and the use of mammography for breast cancer screening. The authors conclude with a setting of priorities for risk assessment because risks to human health clearly outstrip resources available for accurate assessment.
In this book, some of the most qualified scientists review different food safety topics, ranging from emerging and reemerging foodborne pathogens, food regulations in the USA, food risk analysis and the most important foodborne pathogens based on food commodities. This book provides the reader with the necessary knowledge to understand some of the complexities of food safety. However, anybody with basic knowledge in microbiology will find in this book additional information related to a variety of food safety topics.
Health and safety issues now impose upon almost every part of
business life. The system of enforcement is managed and implemented
in the UK by The Health and Safety Executive (HSE) - but at times
it can be difficult to know exactly which bits of this elaborate
spider s web should be applied in a given instance, and which are
most important. This Quick Guide puts the subject into context,
providing a rational overview and a valid starting point to
applying health and safety in the workplace, and offers a concise
and readily accessible interpretation of what health and safety
legislation means in practice.
Occupational welfare is becoming increasingly important in Europe. This book presents valuable new data on occupational welfare and its development, and questions not only the traditional clustering of welfare states, but also the analyses of welfare states in terms of public sector spending and involvement. By investigating the impact of occupational welfare on public finances, distribution and labour market behaviour, the author provides an original and significant addition to the existing literature on welfare state analysis, and offers basis for a new understanding of European welfare states. With a comprehensive and detailed analysis of occupational welfare, comparing ten countries in Europe, this book will be of great interest to researchers, political decision makers and readers interested in new perspectives on welfare.
Accidents and natural disasters involving nuclear power plants such as Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and the recent meltdown at Fukushima are rare, but their effects are devastating enough to warrant increased vigilance in addressing safety concerns. Nuclear Power Plant Instrumentation and Control Systems for Safety and Security evaluates the risks inherent to nuclear power and methods of preventing accidents through computer control systems and other such emerging technologies. Students and scholars as well as operators and designers will find useful insight into the latest security technologies with the potential to make the future of nuclear energy clean, safe, and reliable.
The most significant articles from each of the fields represented at the conference on Work with Display Units 1992 are presented in this volume. Such topics are:
This book chronicles the American media's coverage of the 1984 chemical spill in Bhopal, India, and its aftermath in the US. It explains how the press reported about Bhopal and examines journalisM's subsequent influence on public perceptions about technological safety. . . . It is an excellent addition to university collections in science writing, journalism criticism, and mass media research and should be useful to undergraduates at all levels. Choice More than two years after the Bhopal disaster, fatalities and illnesses in this central Indian city continue to be reported by U.S. media. Litigation involving Union Carbide still makes the front page. In this new book, Professor Wilkins offers a unique case study of news accounts of the worst industrial accident in history, combining a detailed review of media coverage with an analysis of public reaction to those reports.
Nuclear Decommissioning Case Studies: Organization and Management, Economics, and Staying in Business is the fifth volume in Michele Laraia's series, which presents a selection of global case studies on different aspects of nuclear decommissioning. This volume focuses on organization, economics and performance experience, offering the reader guidance on project management, staffing, costs and funding, and training. It guides those responsible for the planning and implementation of nuclear decommissioning to ensure thorough and reliable applications. Decommissioning experts, including regulators, operating organizations, waste managers, researchers, and academics will find this book to be suitable supplementary material to reference works on the theory and applications of nuclear decommissioning. Readers will obtain an understanding of many key case studies, including what happened and what they can learn from the events quoted, to help supplement, solidify, and strengthen their understanding of the topic.
This book covers in depth the widespread and prolonged political struggle surrounding the Three Mile Island nuclear accident of 1979. Walsh documents the dynamics of the conflict between local communities and national nuclear elites in the wake of the worst nuclear power disaster to occur in the United States to date. How citizens living in the shadows of the Three Mile Island cooling towers have made their voices heard--particularly in their efforts to prevent the restart of Unit 1--is thoroughly analyzed. Extensive fieldwork over a period of six years, systematic survey data from activists and sympathizers, interviews with industry defenders, and reports of the accident reflecting both sides of the issues all were used to create this important book. In a preface that discusses Three Mile Island within the context of the Chernobyl nuclear accident in the U.S.S.R., Walsh provides a thoughtful perspective on the complex relationships between democracy, technology, and social movements. A historical overview of the nuclear power industry provides a framework for the analysis. Walsh addresses the accident and evacuation, early community mobilization, the formation of coalitions, targets of protest, the final court appeals, life in the shadows, and theoretical implications. Democracy in the Shadows is indispensable for students of sociology and political science, as well as community activists and others with significant interest in nuclear power issues.
This the first account of the emergence and demise of preventive health care for workers. It explores how trade unions, employers, doctors and the government reconfigured the relationship between health, productivity and the factory over the course of the twentieth century within a broader political, industrial and social context.
For operators of nuclear research facilities, it is of particular importance to investigate minor incidents: indeed, as safety demonstrations are generally based on the presence of several independent "lines of defence," only through attentive investigation of every occurrence, usually minor and of no consequence, can the level of trust placed in each of these defensive lines be confirmed, or the potential risks arising out of a possible weakness in the system be anticipated. The efficiency of the system is based on a rigorous procedure: stringent attention to all incidents, consideration of the potential consequences of the incidents in their most pessimistic scenarios, and promotion of a broad conception of transpositions of the events, in time and space, for experience feedback. This efficiency presumes motivation on the part of all those involved, hence the importance of dissociating from the concept of an "incident" any notion of "error" or "blame" both in internal analysis and in public communications. The nuclear industry has developed some very progressive tools for experience feedback, which could interest also management of other technological risks. This book presents the proceedings of a NATO Advanced Workshop dedicated to this important matter of concern.
This is a book for engineers that covers the hardware and software
aspects of high-reliability safety systems, safety instrumentation
and shutdown systems as well as risk assessment techniques and the
wider spectrum of industrial safety. Rather than another book on
the discipline of safety engineering, this is a thoroughly
practical guide to the procedures and technology of safety in
control and plant engineering. This highly practical book focuses
on efficiently implementing and assessing hazard studies, designing
and applying international safety practices and techniques, and
ensuring high reliability in the safety and emergency shutdown of
systems in your plant.
The most comprehensive hazmat emergency response training manual following NFPA and OSHA competency criteria The choice of firefighters and other rapid response personnel for years, this user friendly manual helps first responders build their skills step-by-step to professionally handle any hazmat emergency. Organized to enhance understanding and retention--and reinforced with copious illustrations, photographs, learning exercises, and case studies--this book takes the reader from preplanning to dispatch to the stabilization of an incident, and on to post-incident critique and follow-up. New material addresses advances in protective clothing, new products for confinement and containment, and changes in the OSHA Respiratory Protection Standard, plus much more. Additional chapters cover WMDs, with sections specific to WMD response including site control, personal protective equipment, and decontamination.
How dangerous is someone's job? People from ages 22 through 64 spend roughly 40% of their non-sleeping time at a job where there is considerable potential for exposure to fatal safety and health risks. The purpose of this book is to improve the knowledge and working environment of American workers, by providing an in-depth look at the job hazards in 324 industries and 265 occupations. Human Resource managers, industry trade organizations, corporate CEOs, health care administrators, secondary school counselors, as well as, scholars and upper level college and graduate students in the areas of Human Resources, Management, Health Care Management, Law and Social Environment will find this work extremely useful.
Herbs and spices are among the most versatile and widely used
ingredients in food processing. As well as their traditional role
in flavouring and colouring foods, they have been increasingly used
as natural preservatives and for their potential health-promoting
properties, for example as antioxidants. Edited by a leading
authority in the field, and with a distinguished international team
of contributors, the Handbook of herbs and spices provides an
essential reference for manufacturers wishing to make the most of
these important ingredients. |
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