The global construction sector is infamous for high levels of injuries, accidents and fatalities, and poor health and well-being of its workforce. While this record appears in both developed and developing countries, the situation is worse in developing countries, where major spending on infrastructure development is expected. There is an urgent need to improve construction health and safety (H&S) in developing countries. The improvement calls for the development of context-specific solutions underpinned by research into challenges and related solutions. This edited volume advances the current understanding of construction H&S in developing countries by revealing context-specific issues and challenges that have hitherto not been well explored in the literature, and applying emergent H&S management approaches and practices in developing countries. Coverage includes countries from the regions of sub-Saharan Africa, Latin America, Asia and Europe. This book, which is the first compendium of research into construction H&S issues in developing countries, adds considerable insight into the field and presents innovative solutions to help address poor H&S in construction in developing nations. It is a must read for all construction professionals, researchers and practitioners interested in construction and occupational H&S, safety management, engineering management and development studies.

The consequences of ineffective coping are evident in the health of individuals and organisations. This book brings together a wealth of research and thinking about coping in occupational settings.
Coping, Health and Organizations begins by looking at measurement of coping with stress. The theoretical and psychometric considerations discussed in the opening section of the book explore the principles for successful evaluation of coping, and the effectiveness of organizational support. The book continues, going through various problems in work including acute disasters, coping with subjective health problems, and then goes on to look at what companies can do to reduce factors that result in stress. The book concludes by looking at the debates of the past and present and discusses the future of coping at work.
Key Features:
* Stress at work and its affect on both the individual and the company is becoming an increasingly important factor in business today
* Brings together a wealth of research and thinking about stress in occupational settings
* A very forward thinking book

Safety is more than the absence of accidents. Safety has the goal of transforming the levels of risk that are inherent in all human activity, while its interdisciplinary nature extends its influence far into most corporate management and government regulatory actions. Yet few engineers have attended a safety course, conference or even a lecture in the area, suggesting that those responsible for the safe construction and operation of complex high-risk socio-technical systems are inadequately prepared. This book is designed to meet the expressed needs of aviation safety management trainees for a practical and concise education supplement to the safety literature. Written in a highly readable and accessible style, its features include: c detailed analysis of the forward-looking System Safety approach, with its focus on accident prevention; c classification of transportation safety literature into distinct schools of thought (Tort Law, Reliability Engineering, System Safety Engineering); c real world, practical, illustrations of the theory; c the history, theory and practice of safety management ; c inter-disciplinary thinking about safety . The flying public is faced with a bewildering array of aviation safety data from a diverse and ever increasing number of sources. This book is an essential guide to the available information, and a major contribution to the international public debate on aviation safety.

The first edition of Health and Environmental Safety of Nanomaterials: Polymer Nanocomposites and Other Materials Containing Nanoparticles was published in 2014, but since that time, new developments in the field of nanomaterials safety have emerged, both at release and exposure, along with the expanding applications of the nanomaterials side. Numerous studies have been dedicated to the issue of biophysical interactions of nanoparticles with the human body at the organ, cellular, and molecular levels. In this second edition, all the chapters have been brought fully up to date. There are also four brand new chapters on the biophysical interaction of nanoparticles with the human body; advanced modeling approaches to help elucidate the nanorisks; safety measures at work with nanoparticles; and the health and environmental risks of graphene. It provides key knowledge and information needs for all those who are working in the research and development sector and need to learn more about the safety of nanomaterials.

Survival for Aircrew is essential reading for any aviation personnel who might at any time fly over water or inhospitable terrain. The ability to conquer nature and survive long enough to be rescued is a skill that could have saved the lives of countless aircrew and passengers in the past, and could save many lives in the future. Designed to be an easy-to-read instructional resource, this book teaches aircrews all the survival methods they are ever likely to need, in any eventuality. Illustrated throughout for ease of reference, this book looks at the aircrew role in an aviation survival situation, at the equipment required and at the possible scenarios. Its emphasis on crew behaviour makes the book unique, whether the reader is involved in general aviation, airline industry or government service. Features include: *

"Covers all aspects of food safety--science, regulation, and labeling requirements--integrating major developments in the fields of toxicology, analytical chemistry, microbiology, hygiene, and nutrition."

The Annotated Dictionary of Construction Safety and Health covers the most common types of risks or hazards that impact the safety and health of construction workers. Arranged in alphabetical order for ease-of-use, the Dictionary meshes regulations, common sense, and practical construction work aspects in a logical style.
The author discusses a vast range of issues in construction safety. He covers the most common types of risks or hazards that impact the safety of construction workers, and includes the OSHA requirements where applicable. This comprehensive view of safety in the construction industry has its foundation in the author's belief that jobsite safety is a critical factor in good business practices, productivity, and cost containment.
The construction industry has always been viewed as an industry with unique hazards. The Annotated Dictionary of Construction Safety and Health provides you with a tool for addressing occupational safety issues in the construction industry. As a guide and reference, it will be the foundation upon which you can build stronger safety initiatives and prevent jobsite deaths and injuries.

Providing vital safety information on over 1000 commerical chemicals, this work explores up-to-date data on fire and chemical compatibility, response methods for incidents involving chemical spills and fires, and personnel and worksite safety monitoring and sampling. The book includes more than 700 illustrations, structures, equations and tables, and a glossary with over 700 definitions.

Industrial hygienists and ventilation engineers know the name well: W.C.L. Hemeon. Since 1955, those professionals have frequently looked to Hemeon's Plant & Process Ventilation for essential information on industrial ventilation. Hemeon's longtime influence and inspiration has now prompted D. Jeff Burton-a prolific author on industrial ventilation himself-to produce a Fourth Edition of "the classic industrial ventilation text." While retaining Hemeon's distinctive writing style, conveying practical information in vivid phrasing, Burton has added extensive new information to recognize today's technology and techniques. Essential fundamentals of ventilation covered in the book include an explanation about the dynamic properties of airborne contaminants, and the principles of dispersion mechanism and local exhaust. Advanced applications are also examined in detail, particularly system design, dust control, and troubleshooting. Along with providing essential background on the two primary types of workplace ventilation-general and local exhaust-Hemeon's Plant & Process Ventilation also aims for mutual understanding between the health-oriented priorities of industrial hygienists, and the practical applications for maximum efficiency considered by ventilation engineers. Have a well-thumbed, dog-eared copy of Hemeon's Plant & Process Ventilation? Now is the best time to retire it in favor of this revised-and respectful-edition. Those who are new to Hemeon's approach will discover what other professionals have known more than 40 years: Hemeon offers some of the most effective ways to control environmental contaminates through proper ventilation techniques.

The competition for limited health care resources is intensifying. We urgently need an acceptable method for deciding how they should be allocated. But the goods that health care produces are of very different kinds. Health care can extend the lives of children and of older people. It can make it possible for a person to walk, when without health care that person would be permanently bedridden; and it can reduce the pain and distress of people who are terminally ill. How can we possibly decide which of these - and many more - diverse achievements of health care are more deserving than others? We need a common unit by which we might be able to measure these very different goods. The Quality-Adjusted Life Year, or QALY, is the most developed proposal for such a unit of measure. In this book a distinguished team of ethicists and economists defend the core of the QALY proposal: that health care resources should be used so as to produce more years of life, of the highest possible quality. This leads to a discussion of such fundamental questions as whether all lives are of equal value, whether health care should be allocated on the basis of need and whether the QALY approach incorporates an adequate account of fairness or justice. The result is the most thorough account yet of the ethical issues raised by the use of the QALY as a basis for allocating health care resources.

Safety and Health in Confined Spaces goes beyond all other resources currently available. International in scope, the 15 chapters and 10 appendices cover every facet of this important subject. A significant addition to the literature, this book provides a confined space focus to other health and safety concepts.
Confined spaces differ from other workspaces because their boundary surfaces amplify the consequences of hazardous conditions. The relationship between the individual, the boundary surface, and the hazardous condition is the critical factor in the onset, outcome, and severity of accidents in these workspaces.
The author uses information about causative and other factors from analysis of fatal accidents to develop a hazard assessment and hazard management system. He provides a detailed, disciplined protocol, covering 36 hazardous conditions, that addresses all segments of work - the undisturbed space, entry preparation, work activity, and emergency preparedness and response - and illustrates how to use it. Safety and Health in Confined Spaces gives you the tools you need for preventing and responding to accidents.

Burnout is a common metaphor for a state of extreme psychophysical exhaustion, usually work-related. This book provides an overview of the burnout syndrome from its earliest recorded occurrences to current empirical studies. It reviews perceptions that burnout is particularly prevalent among certain professional groups - police officers, social workers, teachers, financial traders - and introduces individual inter- personal, workload, occupational, organizational, social and cultural factors. Burnout deals with occurrence, measurement, assessment as well as intervention and treatment programmes.; This textbook should prove useful to occupational and organizational health and safety researchers and practitioners around the world. It should also be a valuable resource for human resources professional and related management professionals.

As more employees work non-routine hours, often in critical safety and security positions, recognizing and reducing stress and the human error it causes is more important than ever. Performance problems caused by unconventional work schedules and resulting fatigue are a significant cause of industrial accidents, lost productivity, and high medical costs. Shiftwork Safety and Performance offers practical solutions to managing fitness and health, improving alertness and sleep quality, and maintaining a social life while performing shiftwork. The author, an experienced safety consultant and trainer who has studied shiftwork around the country, explains the often disastrous consequences of inadequate alertness, and offers ways to improve morale and reduce accidents. If you supervise or train shiftworkers, this book will help you identify opportunities to improve workplace and worker safety.
This easy-to-read, practical manual introduces scheduling strategies to improve alertness, enhance the quality of time away from work, and assist crew communications. It is the first and only complete guide on the complex subject of shiftwork and human performance, and the first book addressing the serious subject of shiftworker burnout.

With the recent tightening of air quality standards as mandated by the U.S. EPA, has come great pressure on regulatory bodies at all levels of government, along with the industries and groups affected by these standards, to better assess the hazards and risks that result from air pollutants. Risk Assessment and Indoor Air Quality carefully ties together the tools and methodologies of Risk Assessment to the study of indoor air quality. This informative text takes a look at the problem of long-term exposure to low-level concentrations of toxins. In addition to commonly found toxins, such as chemical fumes from furnishings and carpeting, and indoor use of pesticides, this unique volume discusses risks associated with exposure to indoor allergens and infectious disease pathogens such as Legionnaires Disease. Because few scientific models exist for understanding the dynamics of indoor air quality, Risk Assessment and Indoor Air Quality is an essential resource for all students and professionals involved evaluating, testing and monitoring indoor air quality.

Traditionally, industrial hygienists and environmental engineers have been responsible for conducting chemical exposure assessments, however, this task is now becoming a team effort taken on by scientists, businessmen, and policymakers. Assessment of Chemical Exposures: Calculation Methods for Environmental Professionals addresses the expanding scope of exposure assessments in both the workplace and environment. It discusses the basics of gathering data and assessing exposure, including how to estimate exposure to chemicals using fundamental chemical engineering concepts.
The book opens with a brief discussion on the history of exposure assessments and provides terms and nomenclature needed for communications between various disciplines involved in exposure assessments. The potential impact of chemical exposures on humans, the environment, and communities is discussed in detail The book also addresses modeling source generation, pathway transport, and receptor impact.
With the clear explanations presented in this text, even a novice will be able to practice the art of exposure assessment.

When the Space Shuttle Challenger exploded on January 28, 1986, millions of Americans became bound together in a single, historic moment. Many still vividly remember exactly where they were and what they were doing when they heard about the tragedy. Diane Vaughan recreates the steps leading up to that fateful decision, contradicting conventional interpretations to prove that what occurred at NASA was not skullduggery or misconduct but a disastrous mistake. Why did NASA managers, who not only had all the information prior to the launch but also were warned against it, decide to proceed? In retelling how the decision unfolded through the eyes of the managers and the engineers, Vaughan uncovers an incremental descent into poor judgment, supported by a culture of high-risk technology. She reveals how and why NASA insiders, when repeatedly faced with evidence that something was wrong, normalized the deviance so that it became acceptable to them. In a new preface, Vaughan reveals the ramifications for this book and for her when a similar decision-making process brought down NASA's Space Shuttle Columbia in 2003.

Major accidents are rare events due to the many barriers, safeguards and defences developed by modern technologies. But they continue to happen with saddening regularity and their human and financial consequences are all too often unacceptably catastrophic. One of the greatest challenges we face is to develop more effective ways of both understanding and limiting their occurrence. This lucid book presents a set of common principles to further our knowledge of the causes of major accidents in a wide variety of high-technology systems. It also describes tools and techniques for managing the risks of such organizational accidents that go beyond those currently available to system managers and safety professionals. James Reason deals comprehensively with the prevention of major accidents arising from human and organizational causes. He argues that the same general principles and management techniques are appropriate for many different domains. These include banks and insurance companies just as much as nuclear power plants, oil exploration and production companies, chemical process installations and air, sea and rail transport. Its unique combination of principles and practicalities make this seminal book essential reading for all whose daily business is to manage, audit and regulate hazardous technologies of all kinds. It is relevant to those concerned with understanding and controlling human and organizational factors and will also interest academic readers and those working in industrial and government agencies.

The first book to identify, describe, and adapt the most successful business and quality management principles to safety. This new reference and workbook embraces the Total Quality Management (TQM) revolution and explains to readers how TQM principles are applied to safety and health programs. The text also focuses on the ISO-9000 Quality Program, Voluntary Protection Program, and Process Safety Management. For each of these topics, the key principles are identified and described, and the quality principles are adapted to safety, allowing readers to design a program that incorporates the best quality management principles.

Translates occupational health psychology research to practice Includes real world examples as case studies to teach applications of research. Structured in a way that is friendly to course adoption, with each chapter including an overview, discussion of methodologies, and guidance for managing each issue.

One of the greatest challenges in the occupational health and safety profession is the application of theory to actual workplace practice. The difference between how the workplace should be ideally designed and the limitations that occur in pre-existing facilities are often difficult to overcome. With examples from the service industry, heavy industry, agriculture, and the office, this text bridges these gaps between theory and practice by using case studies to illustrate sound ergonomic practices.
The Ergonomic Casebook is a resource that professionals and students can use as a guide for solutions to real-world ergonomic problems. Working examples from ergonomic programs in a variety of industries are included. Case studies describe methods for identifying ergonomic problems, and specific causes are reported. Recommended strategies for the elimination of identified stressors are indicated. Implemented strategies and evaluated results are discussed and explained.
Applications of this book are endless. Whether you are a health and safety professional with limited expertise in ergonomics or a student taking a health and safety course, you will gain extensive insight into ergonomic problem solving as a result of the case studies presented in The Ergonomic Casebook.

The only way to completely eliminate the health effects associated with hazardous materials is to eliminate the material. How and when should dangerous chemical products be replaced with safer products? Substitutes for Hazardous Chemicals in the Workplace answers this question and others, including:

This book is aimed at employers, managers and professional and administrative staff in the health care services. GP practices, home visits and the hospital are all covered. Despite growing evidence of violence against health care workers, some employers have been slow to acknowledge the risks faced in both primary and secondary health care settings. Personal Safety for Health Care Workers provides the tools to investigate the risks involved and to develop policy and practice to ensure staff safety. It also deals with the vexed question of under-reporting. Part I deals with the respective roles and responsibilities of employers and employees and offers guidance on developing a workplace personal safety policy. Workplace design and management are addressed and guidelines provided for health care workers when away from their normal work base. Part 2 gives detailed guidelines for use by individual workers in a variety of work situations. Part 3 considers training issues and contains a number of sample training programmes with handouts. The message of this book is that prevention is better than cure - proper attention to risk can reduce both the incidence of aggression and its development into violent acts. The aim is to achieve the dual effect of protecting health care workers, and also of providing services in a more sensitive way. Good practice implies a responsibility to ensure that health care can be delivered in conditions of safety for staff and patients alike.

Substance Abuse in the Workplace makes a valuable contribution to the national movement to help stem the tide of drug abuse. The book begins with the history of substance abuse, continues with a discussion of how the human body functions normally or under the influence of chemicals, and follows with a toxicological description of the more common chemicals abused today in America. It discusses ways to help the abuser through identification and assistance programs and also covers the laws involved.
The broad audience for Substance Abuse in the Workplace is includes middle and upper management, labor leaders, industrial hygienists, safety personnel, and workers.

High-Temperature Gas Reactors is the fifth volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation. Series Editor Yasuo Koizumi and his Volume editors Tetsuaki Takeda and Yoshiyuki Inagaki present the latest research on High-Temperature Gas Reactor (HTGR) development and utilization, beginning with an analysis of the history of HTGRs. A detailed analysis of HTGR design features, including reactor core design, cooling tower design, pressure vessel design, I&C factors and safety design, provides readers with a solid understanding of how to develop efficient and safe HTGR within a nuclear power plant. The authors combine their knowledge to present a guide on the safety of HTGRs throughout the entire reactor system, drawing on their unique experience to pass on lessons learned and best practices to support professionals and researchers in their design and operation of these advanced reactor types. Case studies of critical testing carried out by the authors provide the reader with firsthand information on how to conduct tests safely and effectively and an understanding of which responses are required in unexpected incidents to achieve their research objectives. An analysis of technologies and systems in development and testing stages offer the reader a look to the future of HTGRs and help to direct and inform their further research in heat transfer, fluid-dynamics, fuel options and advanced reactor facility selection. This volume is of interest for nuclear and thermal energy engineers and researchers focusing on HTGRs, HTGR plant designers and operators, regulators, post graduate students of nuclear engineering, national labs, government officials and agencies in power and energy policy and regulations.

Advances in Power Boilers is the second volume in the JSME Series on Thermal and Nuclear Power Generation. The volume provides the fundamentals of thermal power generation by firstly analysing different fuel options for thermal power generation and then also by tracing the development process of power boilers in about 300 years. The design principles and methodologies as well as the construction, operation and control of power boilers are explained in detail together with practical data making this a valuable guide for post-graduate students, researchers, engineers and regulators developing knowledge and skill of thermal power generation systems. Combining their wealth of experience and knowledge, the author team presents recent advanced technologies to the reader to enable them to further research and development in various systems, notably combined cycles, USC and A-USC, as well as PFBC and IGCC. The most recent best practices for material development for advanced power system as well as future scope of this important field of technology are clearly presented, and environment, maintenance, regulations and standards are considered throughout. The inclusion of photographs and drawings make this a unique reference for all those working and researching in the thermal engineering fields. The book is directed to professional engineers, researchers and post-graduate students of thermal engineering in industrial and academic field, as well as plant operators and regulators.