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Books > Arts & Architecture > History of art / art & design styles > Art styles not limited by date > Oriental art
Though the Drigung Kagyu was one of the most prominent and powerful
schools of Tibetan Buddhism during its early period (12th - 14th
century), its art is still relatively poorly known, even among
Tibetans. With its mother monastery destroyed twice, once in the
late 13th century and again during the Great Cultural Revolution,
much of the art was lost or dispersed. The iconography of the
Drigung School is examined with regard to its three main periods -
early, middle, and late - in combination with the distinctive
influences of the Sharri, Khyenri, and Driri styles. The book aims
elucidate to the painting traditions of the Drigung Kagyu School
and investigate lineage depictions and methods of dating, while
referring to previously overlooked Tibetan sources, both ancient
and modern. The publication and related exhibition also explores
the beneficial quality ascribed to the works of art and the
elements they contain.
Folk art is now widely recognized as an integral part of the modern
Chinese cultural heritage, but in the early twentieth century,
awareness of folk art as a distinct category in the visual arts was
new. Internationally, intellectuals in different countries used
folk arts to affirm national identity and cultural continuity in
the midst of the changes of the modern era. In China, artists,
critics and educators likewise saw folk art as a potentially
valuable resource: perhaps it could be a fresh source of cultural
inspiration and energy, representing the authentic voice of the
people in contrast to what could be seen as the limited and elitist
classical tradition. At the same time, many Chinese intellectuals
also saw folk art as a problem: they believed that folk art, as it
was, promoted superstitious and backward ideas that were
incompatible with modernization and progress. In either case, folk
art was too important to be left in the hands of the folk: educated
artists and researchers felt a responsibility intervene, to reform
folk art and create new popular art forms that would better serve
the needs of the modern nation. In the early 1930s, folk art began
to figure in the debates on social role of art and artists that
were waged in the pages of the Chinese press, the first major
exhibition of folk art was held in Hangzhou, and the new print
movement claimed the print as a popular artistic medium while, for
the most part, declaring its distance from contemporary folk
printmaking practices. During the war against Japan, from 1937 to
1945, educated artists deployed imagery and styles drawn from folk
art in morale-boosting propaganda images, but worried that this
work fell short of true artistic accomplishment and pandering to
outmoded tastes. The questions raised in interaction with folk art
during this pivotal period, questions about heritage, about the
social position of art, and the exercise of cultural authority
continue to resonate into the present day.
Japanese Art: Critical and Primary Sources is a four-volume
reference work offering a critical overview of the history and
culture of Japanese art. Drawing upon a wide range of
English-language texts, the volumes explore the diverse and
changing material and visual cultures of Japan from the pre-modern
period to the present day. Over 75 essays from Asia, North America
and Europe are assembled in this set and they address four major
themes - material cultures (Buddhist objects, ceramics, textiles,
interiors), visual cultures (painting, calligraphy, photography),
printed matter (wood-block prints, books) and the context for
Japan's art history (networks of patronage, sites of artistic
production and consumption). Each volume is separately introduced
and the selected materials are presented thematically, and
chronologically within categories. Together the four volumes of
Japanese Art present a major scholarly resource for the field.
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