Nanofiber Composite Materials for Biomedical Applications presents new developments and recent advances in nanofiber-reinforced composite materials and their use in biomedical applications, including biomaterial developments, drug delivery, tissue engineering, and regenerative medicine. Unlike more conventional titles on composite materials, this book covers the most innovative new developments in nanofiber-based composites, including polymers, ceramics, and metals, with particular emphasis on their preparation and characterization methodology. Selected case studies illustrate new developments in clinical and preclinical use, making the information critical for the development of new medical materials and systems for use in human health care, and for the exploration of new design spaces based on these nanofibers. This book is essential reading for those working in biomedical science and engineering, materials science, nanoscience, biomedical nanotechnology, and biotechnology.

Vaccine development is a complex and time consuming process that differs from the development of conventional pharmaceuticals. Primarily, vaccines are intended for use in healthy individuals as a preventative measure, requiring a long and rigorous process of research and many years of testing and development prior to clinical trials and regulatory approval. The average time for the development of vaccines to clinical is 12 to 15 years. Vaccine Development: From Concept to Clinic is a detailed overview of the development of new vaccines, covering the entire process and addresses all classes of vaccines from a processing, development and regulatory viewpoint. Utilising successful case studies the book will provide insight to the issues scientists face when producing a vaccine, the steps involved and will serve as an ideal reference tool regarding state-of-the-art vaccine development. This book is an ideal companion for any researchers working in vaccine discovery and development or with an interest in the field.

Advances in technology permeates every aspect of life, including the healthcare system. Nanotechnology based systems have gained popularity based upon their promise, size, and other characteristics. Multifunctional Nanocarriers for Contemporary Healthcare Applications is a critical academic publication that explores advancements in nanostructured systems, applications of these systems in healthcare, and biomedical applications of these systems. Featuring coverage on a wide range of topics, such as hydrogels, controlled drug delivery systems, and nanomedicine, this book is geared toward researchers, students, and academicians seeking current research on advancements and applications of nanostructured systems in the healthcare industry.

Animal Models for Medications Screening to Treat Addiction, the latest volume in the International Review of Neurobiology series, provides a comprehensive overview of the state-of-the-art research on the topic. It reviews the current knowledge and understanding in the field, presenting a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field.

Organ-specific drug delivery is aimed at achieving increased concentration of therapeutic molecules at target sites with minimum side effects on other healthy tissues. Similarly, drug-specific delivery to some vital organs, such as the brain, lungs, heart and kidneys remains a challenging task for the formulation scientists. Oral delivery of most of the commercially available life-saving drugs has also been impeded by various physio-chemical and biological barriers. These advancements in nanotechnology have led to the development of various pharmaceutical nanocarriers. Nanocarriers for Organ-Specific and Localized Drug Delivery summarizes targeted drug delivery systems and approaches to the major organs of the body. The book shows how drugs can be specifically targeted to the pathological area within an organ in a viable way. Employing pharmaceutical nanocarriers for drug delivery targeted to specific organs of the body requires a comprehensive knowledge of the disease site's pathophysiology as well as physical, chemical and pharmaceutical techniques for modification or functionalization of the nanocarriers. Combining theoretical principles and practical applications of various nanocarriers for organ-specific drug delivery, this is an important reference source for all those seeking to increase their understanding of how pharmaceutical nanocarriers are being used to create more efficient drug delivery systems.

Tailor-Made Polysaccharides in Drug Delivery provides extensive details on all the vital precepts, basics and fundamental aspects of tailored polysaccharides in the pharmaceutical and biotechnological industry for understanding and developing high quality products. The book offers a comprehensive resource to understand the potential of the materials in forming new drug delivery methods. It will be useful to pharmaceutical scientists, chemical engineers, and regulatory scientists and students actively involved in pharmaceutical product and process development of tailored-made polysaccharides in drug delivery applications. The utilization of natural polymeric excipients in numerous healthcare applications demand the replacement of the synthetic polymers with the natural ones due to their biocompatibility, biodegradability, economic extraction and readily availability. The reality behind the rise in importance of these natural materials is that these sources are renewable if grown in a sustainable means and they can tender incessant supply of raw materials. Amongst these natural polymers, polysaccharides are considered as excellent excipients because of its non-toxic, stable, biodegradable properties. Several research innovations have been made on applications of polysaccharides in drug delivery.

Chitosan in Drug Delivery provides thorough insights into chitosan chemistry, collection, chemical modifications, characterization and applications in the pharmaceutical industry and healthcare fields. The book explores molecular weight, degree of deacetylation and molecular geometry, emphasizing recent advances in the field as written by academic, industry and regulatory scientists. It will be a useful resource for pharmaceutical scientists, including industrial pharmacists, analytical scientists, postgraduate students, health care professionals and regulatory scientists actively involved in pharmaceutical product and process development in natural polymers containing drug delivery.

Provides an understanding of (mostly) enzymatic reactions that are responsible for the function and maintenance of living things This innovative text for non-biochemistry majors includes introductory material at the beginning of each chapter that contextualizes chapter themes in real-life scenarios Online supporting materials with further opportunities for research and investigation Synthesis questions at the end of each chapter that encourage students to make connections between concepts and ideas, as well as develop critical-thinking skills

Oligonucleotides represent one of the most significant pharmaceutical breakthroughs in recent years, showing great promise as diagnostic and therapeutic agents for malignant tumors, cardiovascular disease, diabetes, viral infections, and many other degenerative disorders. The Handbook of Analysis of Oligonucleotides and Related Products is an essential reference manual on the practical application of modern and emerging analytical techniques for the analysis of this unique class of compounds. A strong collaboration among thirty leading analytical scientists from around the world, the book provides readers with a comprehensive overview of the most commonly used analytical techniques and their advantages and limitations in assuring the identity, purity, quality, and strength of an oligonucleotide intended for therapeutic use. Topics discussed include: Strategies for enzymatic or chemical degradation of chemically modified oligonucleotides toward mass spectrometric sequencing Purity analysis by chromatographic or electrophoretic methods, including RP-HPLC, AX-HPLC, HILIC, SEC, and CGE Characterization of sequence-related impurities in oligonucleotides by mass spectrometry and chromatography Structure elucidation by spectroscopic methods (IR, NMR, MS) as well as base composition and thermal melt analysis (Tm) Approaches for the accurate determination of molar extinction coefficient of oligonucleotides Accurate determination of assay values Assessment of the overall quality of oligonucleotides, including microbial analysis and determination of residual solvents and heavy metals Strategies for determining the chemical stability of oligonucleotides The use of hybridization techniques for supporting pharmacokinetics and drug metabolism studies in preclinical and clinical development Guidance for the presentation of relevant analytical information towards meeting current regulatory expectations for oligonucleotide therapeutics This resource provides a practical guide for applying state-of-the-art analytical techniques in research, development, and manufacturing settings.

"Progress in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a review of eclectic developments in medicinal chemistry. This volume continues in the serial's tradition of providing an insight into the skills required of the modern medicinal chemist; in particular, the use of an appropriate selection of the wide range of tools now available to solve key scientific problems.

*Presents the latest research in the field of drug discovery *Publishes on a twice yearly basis to bring you the most innovative updates in medicinal chemistry *Available as an online resource via ScienceDirect

"Progress in Medicinal Chemistry" provides a review of eclectic developments in medicinal chemistry. This volume continues in the serial's tradition of providing an insight into the skills required of the modern medicinal chemist; in particular, the use of an appropriate selection of the wide range of tools now available to solve key scientific problems.

*Presents the latest research in the field of drug discovery *Publishes on a twice yearly basis to bring you the most innovative updates in medicinal chemistry *Available as an online resource via ScienceDirect

This volume discusses the role of ZIF-8 composites in water decontamination as an adsorbent and photocatalyst. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials and are promising adsorbents with facile modifications, high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and tailored surface properties. Water pollution is a major concern and has endangered human health. Recently, researchers have designed MOFs for use in remediation.

This volume discusses the role of MOFs in removal of pharmaceutical pollutants. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) are advanced porous materials and are promising adsorbents with facile modifications, high specific surface area, controllable porosity, and tailored surface properties. Pharmaceutical pollution is an issue of concern due to its effects on environment. Recently, researchers have designed MOFs for use in remediation.

This book introduces readers to the latest advances in G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) biology. It reviews our current understanding of the structural basis of ligand binding and allosteric mechanisms, following a decade of technological breakthroughs. Several examples of structure-based drug discovery are presented, together with the future challenges involved in designing better drugs that target GPCRs. In turn, the book illustrates the important concept of GPCR biased signaling in physiological contexts, and presents fluorescent- and light-based methodologies frequently used to measure GPCR signaling or to trace their dynamics in cells upon ligand activation. Taken together, the chapters provide an essential overview and toolkit for new scientific investigators who plan to develop GPCR projects. All chapters were written by experts in their respective fields, and share valuable insights and powerful methodologies for the GPCR field.

The first contribution summarizes current trends in research on medicinal plants in Mexico with emphasis on work carried out at the authors' laboratories. The most relevant phytochemical and pharmacological profiles of a selected group of plants used widely for treating major national health problems are described. The second contribution provides a detailed survey of the so far reported literature data on the capacities of selected oxyprenylated phenylpropanoids and polyketides to trigger receptors, enzymes, and other types of cellular factors for which they exhibit a high degree of affinity and therefore evoke specifice responses. And the third contribution discusses aspects of endophytic actinobacterial biology and chemistry, including biosynthesis and total synthesis of secondary metabolites produced in culture. It also presents perspectives fo the future of microbial biodiscovery, with emphasis on the seondary metabolism of endophytic actinobacteria.

This is an introductory statistics book designed to provide scientists with practical information needed to apply the most common statistical tests to laboratory research data. The book is designed to be practical and applicable, so only minimal information is devoted to theory or equations. Emphasis is placed on the underlying principles for effective data analysis and survey the statistical tests. It is of special value for scientists who have access to Minitab software. Examples are provides for all the statistical tests and explanation of the interpretation of these results presented with Minitab (similar to results for any common software package). The book is specifically designed to contribute to the AAPS series on advances in the pharmaceutical sciences. It benefits professional scientists or graduate students who have not had a formal statistics class, who had bad experiences in such classes, or who just fear/don't understand statistics. Chapter 1 focuses on terminology and essential elements of statistical testing. Statistics is often complicated by synonyms and this chapter established the terms used in the book and how rudiments interact to create statistical tests. Chapter 2 discussed descriptive statistics that are used to organize and summarize sample results. Chapter 3 discussed basic assumptions of probability, characteristics of a normal distribution, alternative approaches for non-normal distributions and introduces the topic of making inferences about a larger population based on a small sample from that population. Chapter 4 discussed hypothesis testing where computer output is interpreted and decisions are made regarding statistical significance. This chapter also deasl with the determination of appropriate sample sizes. The next three chapters focus on tests that make decisions about a population base on a small subset of information. Chapter 5 looks at statistical tests that evaluate where a significant difference exists. In Chapter 6 the tests try to determine the extent and importance of relationships. In contrast to fifth chapter, Chapter 7 presents tests that evaluate the equivalence, not the difference between levels being tested. The last chapter deals with potential outlier or aberrant values and how to statistically determine if they should be removed from the sample data. Each statistical test presented includes an example problem with the resultant software output and how to interpret the results. Minimal time is spent on the mathematical calculations or theory. For those interested in the associated equations, supplemental figures are presented for each test with respective formulas. In addition, Appendix D presents the equations and proof for every output result for the various examples. Examples and results from the appropriate statistical results are displayed using Minitab 18O. In addition to the results, the required steps to analyze data using Minitab are presented with the examples for those having access to this software. Numerous other software packages are available, including based data analysis with Excel.

This two-volume book, Biomolecules and Pharmacology of Medicinal Plants, will be a valuable desk reference book on bioactives and pharmacology of medicinal plants. Listing the medicinal plants by species, each of these 77 chapters detail the plants' bioactive phytocompounds and their chemical structures along with their pharmacological activities and properties. These include the plants' antiviral, antibacterial, antifungal, antioxidant, anticancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, hepatoprotective, cardioprotective, and nephroprotective properties. Bioactive compounds typically occur in small amounts, and they have more subtle effects than nutrients. Bioactive compounds influence cellular activities that modify the risk of disease and cure and alleviate disease symptoms. These compounds can act as antioxidants, enzyme inhibitors and inducers, inhibitors of receptor activities, and inducers and inhibitors of gene expression among other actions. A wide array of biological activities and potential health benefits of medicinal plants have been reported, which include antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidant, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, antidiabetic properties as well as protective effects on the liver, kidney, heart, and nervous system. The volumes will be a must-have reference for pharmacy institutes and pharmacy professors, phytochemists and research scholars, botanists working with medicinal plants, and postgraduate students of pharmacy and medicine round the world. The comprehensive information presented here provides an invaluable source to aid in the development of new drugs.

This book compiles the fundamentals, applications and viable product strategies of biomimetic lipid membranes into a single, comprehensive source. It broadens its perspective to interdisciplinary realms incorporating medicine, biology, physics, chemistry, materials science, as well as engineering and pharmacy at large. The book guides readers from membrane structure and models to biophysical chemistry and functionalization of membrane surfaces. It then takes the reader through a myriad of surface-sensitive techniques before delving into cutting-edge applications that could help inspire new research directions. With more than half the world's drugs and various toxins targeting these crucial structures, the book addresses a topic of major importance in the field of medicine, particularly biosensor design, diagnostic tool development, vaccine formulation, micro/nano-array systems, and drug screening/development. Provides fundamental knowledge on biomimetic lipid membranes; Addresses some of biomimetic membrane types, preparation methods, properties and characterization techniques; Explains state-of-art technological developments that incorporate microfluidic systems, array technologies, lab-on-a-chip-tools, biosensing, and bioprinting techniques; Describes the integration of biomimetic membranes with current top-notch tools and platforms; Examines applications in medicine, pharmaceutical industry, and environmental monitoring.

Focusing on the application of nanotechnology in pharmaceutical technology the editors seek to integrate the two in order to obtain innovative products and solutions in pharmacology. Interdisciplinary in content it is of interest to those who are involved in the development of nanoproducts including nanotechnologists, microbiologists, biotechnologists pharmacologists and clinicians. Recent studies are presented that include the biosynthesis of nanoparticles focusing on antimicrobials; nanomaterial-based formulations that treat cancer, infections, skin disorders and wounds;nanomaterials in eye diseases and toxicity and safety issues. It demonstrates the crucial role this plays in tackling multi-drug resistant threats.

Stimuli Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for Drug Delivery Applications, Volume One: Types and Triggers discusses, in detail, the recent trends in designing biodegradable and biocompatible single-responsive polymers and nanoparticles for safe drug delivery. Focusing on the most advanced materials and technologies, evaluation methods, and advanced synthesis techniques stimuli-responsive polymers, the book is an essential reference for scientists with an interest in drug delivery vehicles. Sections focus on innovation, development and the increased global demand for biodegradable and biocompatible responsive polymers and nanoparticles for safe drug delivery.

Fullerens, Graphenes and Nanotubes: A Pharmaceutical Approach shows how carbon nanomaterials are used in the pharmaceutical industry. While there are various books on the carbonaceous nanomaterials available on the market, none approach the subject from a pharmaceutical point-of-view. In this context, the book covers different applications of carbonaceous nanomaterials. Chapters examine different types of carbon nanomaterials and explore how they are used in such areas as cancer treatments, pulse sensing and prosthetics. Readers will find this book to be a valuable reference resource for those working in the areas of carbon materials, nanomaterials and pharmaceutical science.