This book covers several aspects of inhalation toxicology ranging from inhalation drug abuse to battlefield chemical inhalation lung injury, and emphasizes pathophysiology and therapy.

This remarkable book provides updates on various aspects of tobacco - its chemical and biological nature, and its physiological effects.

From disease marker identification to accelerated drug development, Protein Arrays, Biochips, and Proteomics offers a detailed overview of current and emerging trends in the field of array-based proteomics. This reference focuses on innovations in protein microarrays and biochips, mass spectrometry, high-throughput protein expression, protein-protein interactions, structural proteomics, and the proteomic marketplace for comprehensive understanding of past, present, and future proteomic research. Offering an abundance of figures and charts, the book compiles a wide variety of technologies and applications ranging from functionalized chip surfaces to strategies for protein expression.

Analyzes various reproductive and gynecological disorders encountered in the care of women who do not wish to conceive, as well as those who have difficulty with conception, early pregnancy, and menopause. Discusses the latest strategies in the treatment of infertility, pelvic pain, ectopic pregnancy, and osteoporosis.

Hailed as a seminal work and considered the most complete compendium of Chinese herbs available, the first edition of Chinese and Related North American Herbs: Phytopharmacology and Therapeutic Values brought new and hard to find information into a single, well-referenced resource. With the addition of 130 herbs and 100 new references, the second edition provides a basic understanding of the science behind Chinese herbal preparations. Using the same format that made the first edition so popular, author Thomas Li provides a seamless integration of topics drawn from a diverse array of sources. The first table presents major constituents and therapeutic values of more than 1800 species. The data are arranged alphabetically by the Latin name followed by common Chinese and English names. Tables 2 and 3 present data on a total of 700 North American herbs belonging to the same species or genus as Chinese herbs, and a comparison of active ingredients and claimed therapeutic values. Appendices 1, 2, and 3 cross-reference Chinese and scientific names, and major active ingredients and their sources in the Chinese and North American herbs cited in the tables. Research in Chinese medicinal herbs has been conducted for decades in China, Japan, and Korea and recently in the West. Unfortunately, language barriers and the unreliability of sources and herbal material have hampered progress. Carefully crafted and designed to provide easy access to key data, this book supplies information compiled from authentic and highly regarded sources scattered throughout the Chinese and Western literature. This information can then be used to develop proper procedures for eliminating adulteration, contamination, and toxic side effects in Chinese herbs, and also to determine appropriate regulations for their use.

Opioids such as morphine, codeine, and oxycodone are extracts or analogs isolated from a single source: the opium poppy. For a long time, it was believed to be nature's only source of opioids. But it now appears that biological diversity has evolved an alternative source of opioid compounds-those derived from the plant Mitragyna speciosa. This plant, known as Kratom in Thailand or Biak-Biak in Malaysia, has long been used locally as treatment for pain, fever reduction, diarrhea, and even depression. Kratom and Other Mitragynines: The Chemistry and Pharmacology of Opioids from a Non-Opium Source presents an introduction to the chemical and biological properties of alkaloids isolated from M. speciosa as well as their synthetic analogs. The book covers various topics including phytochemistry, medicinal chemistry, and pharmacology. Current research, analgesic effects, and addiction potential are also discussed. As the first extensive text on the basic science and clinical use of Kratom, the book provides readers with a concise yet comprehensive introduction to nature's "other opioid."

In a finished nutraceutical product, flavors play an integral role. Flavor Development for Functional Foods and Nutraceuticals is about the crucial role added flavors play in any nutraceutical product. It describes the various extraction techniques that are being adopted for manufacturing flavors from natural raw materials. Yield and retention of aromatic components during several extraction methods and flavor encapsulation techniques for thermal degradable food components are discussed. Advanced methods of flavor extraction techniques like supercritical C02 extraction are emphasized. The safety and quality aspects of flavor incorporation in food processing industries are reviewed with respect to international regulations. The importance of flavor in the nutraceuticals industry is also discussed. In addition, the book stresses the functional value and organoleptic acceptability towards product optimization/formulation. Features: Explains how flavors play an integral role in a finished nutraceutical product Describes the various extraction techniques that are being adopted for manufacturing flavors from natural raw materials Covers flavor encapsulation techniques for thermal degradable food components Provides an introduction to the history of how some natural flavor ingredients, botanicals, and extracts were used in ancient times in Ayurveda and herbal medicine This is an ideal reference book for the flavor chemists, food scientists, nutraceutical formulators, and students and academicians who are working in the area of nutraceutical, supplement, and functional food development and provides very useful information to help them select appropriate flavors for their products. Also available in the Nutraceuticals: Basic Research/Clinical Applications Series: Flavors for Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods, edited by M. Selvamuthukumaran and Yashwant Pathak (ISBN: 978-1-1380-6417-1) Antioxidant Nutraceuticals: Preventive and Healthcare Applications, edited by Chuanhai Cao, Sarvadaman Pathak, Kiran Patil (ISBN 978-1-4987-3703-6) Food By-product Based Functional Food Powders, edited by OEzlem Tokusoglu (ISBN 978-1-4822-2437-5)

Patients with peripheral vascular disease (PVD) are at increased risk of death when compared with age-matched healthy controls. They are also, whether symptomatic or not, six times more likely to die within ten years when compared to patients without the disease. This excess mortality exists even if coronary artery disease is not clinically present, and makes the treatment of PVD a highly important and pressing topic. In this fully up-to-date text, Dr. Mukherjee and his excellent team of twenty-one contributors present the reader with all of the currently available clinical information for treating PVD patients effectively.

Different from other books, this unique volume presents basic toxicology principles and applications in a sophisticated yet nontechnical style. It provides an understanding of both the strengths and limitations of the discipline of toxicology and its benefits. This primer is valuable for virtually any non-toxicologist.

Based on a training course developed by Dr. Joseph T. Piechocki and other experts in this field whose contributions appear in this book for two International Meetings on the Photostability of Drugs and Drug Products, this text clarifies the guidelines set by the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) and provides a comprehensive background in the scientific principles involved in photostability testing. Presenting the advantages and disadvantages of various procedures so the reader can select and utilize the most appropriate technique best-suited to their needs, this source includes references to current literature in the field and offers an opinion on future opportunities and challenges.

Since the first Handbook of Cell-Penetrating Peptides was prepared in 2001, the wealth of new information on the use of these peptides as transport systems has in fact served to confound the field. The constant internal change in the field of cell-penetrating peptides (CPPs) is due to recent research uncovering apparent ambiguities in cellular uptake. There is still neither a common terminology nor a uniform explanation for the penetrative mechanism of cell-penetrating peptides. In this second edition of the Handbook of Cell-Penetrating Peptides, the authors summarize the current state of the field including recent reevaluations of earlier studies of CPP mechanisms. Beginning with an overview of the classes of peptides and their individual uptake mechanisms, from the earlier lipid models to the more recent endocytotic pathways, the book demonstrates the diversity and the opportunity for these biologically active proteins to serve as future drug leads. The text then covers the use of CPPs in gene modulation, addressing the application of antisense and decoy oligonucleotides, as well as the new avenue of research targeting specific tumors and other tissues-questions that had barely been asked when the first edition was published. By summarizing the diffuse information regarding CPPs, including the ambiguities and variety of mechanisms, the Handbook of Cell-Penetrating Peptides provides the most solid foundation available from which to expand the potential of this rapidly growing field of medicine.

Furnishing essential data on all areas of toxicity testing, this Second Edition provides guidance on the design and evaluation of product safety studies to help ensure regulatory acceptance. Every chapter highlights regulatory requirements specific to the United States, Europe, and Japan, and in addition to expanded information on data interpretation, hazard assessment, carcinogenicity studies, and Good Laboratory Practices, new chapters regarding safety pharmacology, juvenile studies, the health safety assessment of pharmaceuticals, and health assessment strategies in the food and cosmetic industry have been added to reflect changes to regulatory requirements. Toxicological Testing Handbook, Second Edition is a must-have reference for individuals responsible for assuring the safety of new pharmaceutical, biotechnical, and chemical products and materials.

This authoritative guide will serve as the most current source on the design and manufacturing of parenteral dispersed systems-showcasing the utility of dispersed systems in drug delivery, drug targeting, and pharmaceutical engineering.

Antimicrobials: Synthetic and Natural Compounds summarizes the latest research regarding the possibilities of the most important natural antimicrobial compounds derived from various plant sources containing a wide variety of secondary metabolites. With collected contributions from international subject experts, it focuses primarily on natural products as a source of bioactive compounds that may be active against multidrug-resistant pathogens, providing an alternative to established antibiotics in controlling infectious diseases. Covering a wide range of marine, microbial, and plant-origin antimicrobials, the book examines the usefulness of plant products containing antimicrobial molecules against bacteria, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. It also reports on unusual sources of antimicrobials such as animal fecal actinomycetes, actinobacteria, and cyanobacteria and discusses synthetic chemical compounds and biogenic nanoparticles. The number of drug-resistant bacteria is increasing, posing a major problem to modern medicine. This book explores an important topic: finding and applying alternative means of pathogenic control and treatment via natural sources. It is an important source of information for microbiologists, biotechnologists, biochemists, pharmacologists, botanists, marine biologists, and others involved in research on natural and synthetic antimicrobial compounds. It is also a useful resource for scholars, scientists, academics, and students in various science disciplines.

Since the publication of the first edition, the field has changed dramatically. Scientists can now explicitly consider 3D features in quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) studies and often have the 3D structure of the macromolecular target to guide the 3D QSAR. Improvements in computer hardware and software have also made the methods more accessible to scientists. Taking these developments into account, Quantitative Drug Design: A Critical Introduction, Second Edition shows scientists how to apply QSAR techniques at a state-of-the-art level. New to the Second Edition A new chapter on methods that identify the 3D conformations to use for 3D QSAR New discussions on partial least squares, multidimensional scaling, clustering, support vector machines, kNN potency prediction, and recursive partitioning Expanded case studies that include the results of data that has been re-analyzed using newer methods A new case study on the discovery of novel dopaminergics with pharmacophore mapping and CoMFA A new case study on the application of CoMFA to series in which the 3D structure of the ligand-protein complex is known Based on the author's four decades of experience in all areas of ligand-based computer-assisted drug design, this invaluable book describes how to transform ligand structure-activity relationships into models that predict the potency or activity/inactivity of new molecules. It will help you avoid traps when dealing with quantitative drug design.

The application of molecular biologic methods, recognition of neurogenic inflammatory processes, and utilization of genetic knockout animals are just some of the advances in toxicology of the upper airways in recent years. Toxicology of the Nose and Upper Airways presents a culmination of knowledge gained as a result of both human and experimental animal studies over the past decade. With contributions from internationally recognized leaders in the fields of experimental toxicology, respiratory medicine, otolaryngology, allergy, and sensory science, this volume: Examines the effect of selected pollutants on the upper airways of both humans and experimental animals-emphasizing mechanistic issues in the process Discusses epidemiologic findings from populations exposed occupationally or environmentally, comparing and contrasting alternative risk assessment approaches Features clear chapter organization with sections on structure and function, dosimetry and toxicokinetics, functional and pathologic responses and their measurement, responses to specific agents, risk assessment, and special topics This volume is an essential reference for pharmacologists and toxicologists concerned with the nose and upper airway, as well as clinicians, risk assessors, and sensory scientists.

Focused extensively on the toxic effect of chemicals on the cardiovascular system, Cardiovascular Toxicology, Fourth Edition is comprised of several key sections beyond cardio and vascular toxicity, such as principles of myocardial cell injury and key methods of assessing cardiovascular function. New developments include: expanded chapter on passive smoking, which includes adverse effects of smoking, and the effects of secondary smoke new chapter on the negative effects from environmental chemicals on the cardiovascular system chapters covering antibacterial agents and endotoxins include new information on cardiovascular toxicity of antimicrobials, as well as anti-viral agents, antibacterial agents, and other agents

Providing a significant cross-fertilization of ideas across several disciplines, Enhancement in Drug Delivery offers a unique comprehensive review of both theoretical and practical aspects of enhancement agents and techniques used for problematic administration routes. It presents an integrated evaluation of absorption enhancers and modes for promoting absorption that is especially valuable to those involved with the development of pharmaceutical, cosmetic, bioengineered, and medical products, as well as graduate students looking to study this intriguing field and those professionals involved with patents and regulatory issues. Organized by routes of administration, the book is divided into eight major sections: oral, rectal, buccal/sublingual, dermal/transdermal, nasal, vaginal/uterine, ocular, and brain. It offers fundamental as well specialized information including current findings on- * Surfactant use to accelerate macromolecule input * Targeted gastrointestinal delivery and enhanced absorption of lipophilic drugs * Permeation issues in rectal absorption * Chemical means of enhancement * Carriers for enhanced delivery to and across the skin * Methods associated with breaching the skin * Promoted buccal and sublingual absorption * Emerging ocular, nasal, vaginal, and uterine delivery systems * Carriers for overcoming the blood brain barrier Those investigators primarily involved with one specific route of delivery will be able to learn of helpful concepts and find additional stimulat

The contemporary opioid crisis is widely seen as new and unprecedented. Not so. It is merely the latest in a long series of drug crises stretching back over a century. In White Market Drugs, David Herzberg explores these crises and the drugs that fueled them, from Bayer's Heroin to Purdue's OxyContin and all the drugs in between: barbiturate "goof balls," amphetamine "thrill pills," the "love drug" Quaalude, and more. As Herzberg argues, the vast majority of American experiences with drugs and addiction have taken place within what he calls "white markets," where the prescription of addictive drugs is legal and medically approved. These markets are widely acknowledged but no one has explained how they became so central to the medical system in a nation famous for its "drug wars"--until now. Drawing from federal, state, industry, and medical archives alongside a wealth of published sources, Herzberg re-connects America's divided drug history, telling the whole story for the first time. He reveals that the driving question for policymakers has never been how to prohibit the use of addictive drugs, but how to ensure their availability in medical contexts, where profitability often outweighs public safety. Access to white markets was thus a double-edged sword for socially privileged consumers, even as communities of color faced exclusion and punitive drug prohibition. To counter this no-win setup, Herzberg advocates for a consumer protection approach that robustly regulates all drug markets while caring for people with addiction by ensuring them safe, reliable access to medication-assisted treatment. Accomplishing this requires rethinking a drug/medicine divide born a century ago that, unlike most policies of that racially segregated era, has somehow survived relatively unscathed into the twenty-first century. By showing how the twenty-first-century opioid crisis is only the most recent in a long history of similar crises of addiction to pharmaceuticals, Herzberg forces us to rethink our most basic ideas about drug policy and addiction itself--ideas that have been failing us catastrophically for over a century.

In this third edition, the editors have accounted for the numerous changes in protocols for managing poison ingestions and have again provided an indispensable resource for all students of pharmacy and the health sciences on the basic principles of clinical toxicology. The book's unique focus on the fundamentals helps the reader understand why events occur and why a particular treatment is selected. Each chapter presents pertinent information on classes of toxic agents, their common sources and usual methods of intoxication, incidence and frequency of poisoning, mechanisms of action, clinical signs and symptoms of poisoning and management guidance. The text includes illustrative case studies, carefully selected to reinforce the information covered. Each chapter concludes with review questions to further enhance comprehension.

This book examines the sequence of events and methodology in the industrial clinical research process; a reference for multidisciplinary personnel. It is the conceptual framework involving the philosophical, economic, political, historical, regulatory, planning, and marketing aspects of the process.

Authored by renowned leaders in the field, this comprehensive volume covers all aspects of drug-drug interactions, including preclinical, clinical, toxicological, and regulatory perspectives. Thoroughly updated, this second edition reflects the significant advances and includes extensive new material on: key interplay between transporters and enzymes in drug metabolism and drug interactions the integral role of pharmacogenetics in metabolism-based drug-drug interactions in vivo - in vitro correlations (reversible, mechanism-based inhibition, induction) in silico approaches enabling structure-activity and structure-function studies high-throughput screening and GLP methods for evaluating drug interactions in vitro the use of transgenic animal models to evaluate drug interactions Providing helpful case examples and computer-aided modeling, Drug-Drug Interactions is filled with over 200 invaluable tables, equations, and figures to clarify key concepts, and incorporates critical new updated information.

Responding to the explosion of advances in the use of biomarkers to efficiently, rapidly, and economically evaluate the health effects of chemical entities, this authoritative reference provides a detailed overview of the theory, development, and practical application of biomarkers in the toxicological, environmental, forensic, and pharmaceutical sciences. Compiling the most recent studies on the generation and utilization of biomarkers for toxicant exposure, environmental and human health risk assessment, occupational safety, drug development, and the detection of biological and chemical warfare agents, this guide supplies numerous examples, figures, tables, and comprehensive reference listings within each chapter to provide the reader with an in-depth understanding of the subject.

Traditionally, the search for new compounds from natural products has been a time- and resource-intensive process. The recent application of combinatorial methods and high-throughput synthesis has allowed scientists to generate a range of new molecular structures from natural products and observe how they interact with biological targets. Combinatorial Synthesis of Natural Product-Based Libraries summarizes the most important perspectives on the application of combinatorial chemistry and natural products to novel drug discovery. The book details the latest approaches for implementing combinatorial research and testing methodologies to the synthesis of natural product-based libraries. Interconnecting the important aspects of this emerging field through the work of several leading scientists, it covers the computational analysis of natural molecules and details strategies for designing compound libraries, using bioinformatics in particular. The authors describe numerous synthetic methods for producing natural products and their analogs, including engineered biosynthesis and polymer-supported reagents. They also discuss additional considerations for generating libraries, such as screening, scaffolding, and yield optimization. Other chapters examine specific classes of libraries derived from natural products including carbohydrates, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, terpenoids, steroids, flavonoids, and fungal compounds. Drawing attention to the interplay of drug discovery, natural products, and organic synthesis, Combinatorial Synthesis of Natural Product-Based Libraries contains the most recent and significant methods used to search and assess new compounds for their ability to mitigate biological processes that may lead to improved treatments for various diseases.

Biopharmaceuticals, the term for genetically engineered therapeutic proteins, monoclonal antibodies, and nucleic acid-based products, have become an increasing part of the pharmaceutical armament. While this category of drugs accounts for approximately 25% of all new drugs coming to market, very few references exist that review these commercially available products. Until now, accessing data on the list of currently approved biopharmaceuticals has been laborious and patchy. Directory of Approved Biopharmaceutical Products brings together key information on various aspects of these compounds, presenting a brief summary of each biopharmaceutical currently approved for medical use. Each summary includes the scientific and trade name, year and regions approved, approved indications, manufacturer, marketing right, method of manufacture, scientific overview, and therapeutic properties. Based on information gathered from regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical manufacturers, the book presents the most comprehensive data currently available in a single, convenient volume. This comprehensive and consistent approach will save professionals in the pharmaceutical industry hours spent trawling the literature - and provides a singular resource for future reference.