This book explores the economic coping practices of rural widows in the aftermath of the Cambodian civil war. War produces a preponderance of widows, often young widows with small children in their care. Rural widows must feed their families and educate their children despite rural poverty and the lack of opportunities for women. The economics of widowhood is therefore a significant social problem in less developed countries. The widows' predominant economic plan was to combine rice cultivation with an assortment of microenterprises, a "rice plus" strategy. Many widows were unable to grow enough rice on their land to feed their families. They filled the hunger gap by raising cash through microenterprises to purchase additional rice. Gender work roles were both permeable and persistent, allowing a flexible sexual division of labor in the short run but maintaining traditional roles in the long run. Most widows called on relatives or exchanged transplanting labor for male plowing services, although a few women took up the plow themselves. The study also explores widows' access to key economic resources such as land, credit, and education. War decimated widows' family support networks, including the loss of children, their social security. The study concludes that Cambodia's gender arrangement offered many economic options to widows but also devalued their labor in a cultural structure of inequality. Gender, poverty, and war interacted to reduce widows' financial resources, accounting for their economic vulnerability.

This book is intended to serve as a resource for analysts in developing and troubleshooting sample preparation methods. These are critical activities in providing accurate and reliable data throughout the lifecycle of a drug product. This book is divided into four parts: * Part One covers dosage form and diluent properties that impact sample preparation of pharmaceutical dosage forms and the importance of sampling considerations in generating data representative of the drug product batch. * Part Two reviews specific sample preparation techniques typically used with pharmaceutical dosage forms. * Part Three discusses sample preparation method development for different types of dosage forms including addressing drug excipient interactions and post extraction considerations, as well as method validation and applying Quality by Design (QbD) principles to sample preparation methods. * Part Four examines additional topics in sample preparation including automation, investigating aberrant potency results, green chemistry considerations for sample preparation and the ideal case where no sample preparation is required for sample analysis.

B. R. Buckley and H. Heaney: Mechanistic Investigations of Copper(I)- Catalyzed Alkyne-Azide Cycloaddition Reactions.- J. D. Crowley and D. A. McMorran: "Click-Triazole" Coordination Chemistry: Exploiting 1,4-Disubstituted-1,2,3-Triazoles as Ligands.- S. Lee and A. H. Flood: Binding Anions in Rigid and Reconfigurable Triazole Receptors.- M. Watkinson: Click Triazoles as Chemosensors.- H.-F. Chow, C.-M. Lo and Y. Chen: Triazole-Based Polymer Gels.- T. Zheng, S. H. Rouhanifard, A. S. Jalloh, P. Wu: Click Triazoles for Bioconjugation.- S. Mignani, Y. Zhou, T. Lecourt and L. Micouin: Recent Developments in the Synthesis 1,4,5-Trisubstituted Triazoles.

This revision guide for students delivers the essentials of dosage formulation in a concise and easy-to-use format.

Pharmaceutical giants have doubled their investments in drug development in the past decade only to see new drug approvals remain constant. This book investigates and highlights a set of proactive strategies aimed at generating sustainable competitive advantage based on value-generating business practices. We focus on three sources of pharmaceutical innovation: new management methods in the drug development pipeline, new technologies as enablers for cutting-edge R&D, and new forms of cooperation and internationalization, such as open innovation in the early phases of R&D. Our findings are illustrated by cases from Europe, the US, and Asia.

This book explains the pharmacological relationships between the various systems in the human body. It offers a comprehensive overview of the pharmacology concerning the autonomic, central, and peripheral nervous systems. Presenting up-to-date information on chemical mediators and their significance, it highlights the therapeutic aspects of several diseases affecting the cardiovascular, renal, respiratory, gastrointestinal, endocrinal, and hematopoietic systems. The book also includes drug therapy for microbial and neoplastic diseases. It also comprises sections on immunopharmacology, dermatological, and ocular pharmacology providing valuable insights into these emerging and recent topics. Covering the diverse groups of drugs acting on different systems, the book reviews their actions, clinical uses, adverse effects, interactions, and subcellular mechanisms of action. It is divided into 11 parts, subdivided into several chapters that evaluate the basic pharmacological principles that govern the different types of body systems. This book is intended for academicians, researchers, and clinicians in industry and academic institutions in pharmaceutical, pharmacological sciences, pharmacy, medical sciences, physiology, neurosciences, biochemistry, molecular biology and other allied health sciences.

Course covers topics in infectious diseases in children and is intended for Pediatric Infectious disease trainees, trainers, and all those who manage children with infections.

This book explains how to analyze independent data from factorial designs without having to make restrictive assumptions, such as normality of the data, or equal variances. The general approach also allows for ordinal and even dichotomous data. The underlying effect size is the nonparametric relative effect, which has a simple and intuitive probability interpretation. The data analysis is presented as comprehensively as possible, including appropriate descriptive statistics which follow a nonparametric paradigm, as well as corresponding inferential methods using hypothesis tests and confidence intervals based on pseudo-ranks. Offering clear explanations, an overview of the modern rank- and pseudo-rank-based inference methodology and numerous illustrations with real data examples, as well as the necessary R/SAS code to run the statistical analyses, this book is a valuable resource for statisticians and practitioners alike.

1 Kombinatorische Synthese.- 1.1 Einfuhrung.- 1.2 Der Prozess der Wirkstofffindung.- 1.3 Was ist kombinatorische Synthese?.- Literatur.- 2 Bibliothekssynthese an Harzkoernern.- 2.1 Festphasenchemie.- 2.2 Harzkoerner.- 2.2.1 Quervernetztes Polystyren.- 2.2.2 Polyamidharze.- 2.2.3 Poroeses Glaskorn.- 2.2.4 TentaGel-Harz.- 2.2.5 Magnetische Beads.- 2.3 Beschleunigung der Peptidsynthese.- 2.4 Split & Mix-Bibliothekssynthese.- 2.5 Peptidbibliotheken.- 2.6 Positional Scanning.- 2.7 Orthogonale kombinatorische Bibliotheken.- 2.8 Bibliotheksnomenklatur.- 2.9 Schlussbemerkung.- Literatur.- 3 Andere Festphasen.- 3.1 Bibliotheken an Multipins.- 3.2 Bibliotheken an Winks.- 3.3 Bibliotheken an laminaren Festphasen.- 3.3.1 Lichtgesteuerte Parallelsynthese.- 3.3.2 Papier.- 3.3.3 Laminare Polymere.- Literatur.- 4 Bibliothekssynthese in Loesungsphase.- 4.1 Einleitung.- 4.2 Parallelsynthese in Loesung.- 4.3 Indizierte kombinatorische Bibliotheken.- 4.4 Templat-basierte Bibliotheken.- 4.5 Kombinatorische Synthese in Flussigphase.- 4.6 Kombinatorische Chemie an Dendrimertragern.- 4.7 Bibliotheken in Loesungsphase mit Flussig-flussig-Reinigung.- 4.8 Chemie in fluorierter Loesung.- 4.9 Chemie in Loesung mit Festphasenreagenzien.- 4.10 Chemie in Loesung mit Harzabfangreaktion.- 4.11 Chemie in Loesung mit polymeren Reagenzien.- 4.12 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 5 Codierte kombinatorische Synthese.- 5.1 Einleitung.- 5.2 Voraussetzungen fur die Codierung.- 5.3 Beispiele markierter Bibliotheken.- 5.3.1 Oligonucleotid-Tags.- 5.3.2 Peptid-Tags.- 5.3.3 Halogenaromatische Tags.- 5.3.4 Sekundare Amine-Tags.- 5.3.5 Isotopencodierung.- 5.4 Hochfrequenz-Tags.- 5.5 Laseroptische Codierung.- 5.6 Fluorophor-Codierung.- 5.7 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 6 Jenseits von Peptidbibliotheken.- 6.1 Die Entwicklung von Nicht-Peptidbibliotheken.- 6.2 Oligonucleotidbibliotheken.- 6.3 Oligosaccharide.- 6.4 Andere Oligomere.- 6.4.1 Unnaturliche Peptide.- 6.4.2 Bibliotheken aus Bibliotheken.- 6.4.3 Oligocarbamate.- 6.4.4 Oligoharnstoffe.- 6.4.5 Peptidosulfonamide.- 6.4.6 Azatide.- 6.4.7 Polyisoxazoline.- 6.4.8 Peptidylphosphonate.- 6.5 Chiron-Peptoide.- 6.6 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 7 Bibliothekssynthesen an Festphasen.- 7.1 Linker.- 7.1.1 Carbonsaure-Linker.- 7.1.2 Carbonsaureamid-Linker.- 7.1.3 Alkohol-Linker.- 7.1.4 Amin-Linker.- 7.1.5 Spurlose Linker.- 7.1.6 Lichtspaltbare Linker.- 7.2 Die Entwicklung der Festphasenchemie.- 7.3 Ausgewahlte Beispiele der Festphasenchemie.- 7.3.1 Palladium-katalysierte Kopplungen.- 7.3.2 Mitsunobu-Kopplungen.- 7.3.3 Heterocyclische Synthese.- 7.3.4 Cycloadditionen.- 7.3.5 Enolat-Alkylierungen.- 7.3.6 Die Ugi-Reaktion.- 7.4 Zusammenfassung.- Literatur.- 8 Analyse der Chemie und der Produkte.- 8.1 Analyse des Erfolgs einer Synthese.- 8.2 IR-Analyse des Beads.- 8.3 Festphasen-NMR.- 8.3.1 Kohlenstoff- 13-NMR.- 8.3.2 Fluor-19-NMR.- 8.3.3 Phosphor-31-NMR.- 8.3.4 Magic-Angle-Spinning-NMR.- 8.4 Massenspektrometrie.- 8.4.1 Die Analyse der Festphasen-Chemie.- 8.4.2 Die Identifizierung aktiver Bibliothekskomponenten.- Literatur.- 9 Anwendungen der kombinatorischen Chemie.- 9.1 Einfluss der kombinatorischen Chemie auf die Wirkstoff findung.- 9.2 Virtuelle Bibliotheken und kombinatorische Chemie.- 9.3 Kombinatorische Chemie: eine Schlussbetrachtung.- Literatur.- Ausgewahlte Fachwoerter Englisch-Deutsch.

Nanophytomedicine is a field that involves the application of nanomedicine-based systems to phytotherapy and phytopharmacology. This book assesses the clinical successes and failures of nanophytomedicine and also highlights emerging concepts in this field. The content is divided into three sections, the first of which describes core issues in the pharmaceuticals industry in connection with the successes, failures and prospects of nanophytomedicine. The second section highlights recent advances in phytomedicine formulation development based on nanotechnology approaches, while also discussing a variety of nanocarrier systems for the successful delivery of phytomedicines. Focusing on the clinical perspective, the third section addresses the current clinical status of nanophytomedicine as a single drug therapy or combinatorial drug therapy, pharmacovigilance, pharmacokinetics, drug interactions and toxicological profiles, while also providing concluding remarks on recent experimental findings, and considering ethical issues & regulatory challenges in nanophytomedicine. Given its scope, the book offers a valuable guide for early career researchers, young scientists, master level students, academics and industrial scientists working in various healthcare fields, e.g. the pharmaceutical and biological sciences, life sciences, biotechnology, biomedical engineering, and nanobiotechnology.

With the critical role of statistics in the design, conduct, analysis and reporting of clinical trials or observational studies intended for regulatory purposes, numerous guidelines have been issued by regulatory authorities around the world focusing on statistical issues related to drug development. However, the available literature on this important topic is sporadic, and often not readily accessible to drug developers or regulatory personnel. This book provides a systematic exposition of the interplay between the two disciplines, including emerging themes pertaining to the acceleration of the development of pharmaceutical medicines to serve patients with unmet needs. Features: Regulatory and statistical interactions throughout the drug development continuum The critical role of the statistician in relation to the changing regulatory and healthcare landscapes Statistical issues that commonly arise in the course of drug development and regulatory interactions Trending topics in drug development, with emphasis on current regulatory thinking and the associated challenges and opportunities The book is designed to be accessible to readers with an intermediate knowledge of statistics, and can be a useful resource to statisticians, medical researchers, and regulatory personnel in drug development, as well as graduate students in the health sciences. The authors' decades of experience in the pharmaceutical industry and academia, and extensive regulatory experience, comes through in the many examples throughout the book.

Wieso verwenden wir Pflanzen zum Heilen?.- Ursprung und Wurzeln des Heilens mit Pflanzen.- Arzneimittel aus Pflanzen? 1st das Homoeopathie?.- Charakteristika, Vorteile und Grenzen der Phytotherapie.- Die Phytotherapie arbeitet mit naturwissenschaftlichen Methoden.- Wodurch unterscheidet sich die Phytotherapie von anderen Therapieformen?.- Phytotherapie - von der Pflanze zum Arzneimittel.- In welcher Form werden Arzneipflanzen angewendet?.- Welche chemischen Substanzen aus der Pflanze wirken?.- Die pflanzliche Notfallapotheke.- Noch Fragen?.- Nervensystem, Gehirn.- Ein- und Durchschlafstoerungen, Nervositat und UEbererreqbarkeit.- Depression.- Hirnleistungsstoerungen, Gedachtnisstoerunqen, Demenz.- Magen-Darm-Trakt.- Erkrankungen im Mund- und Rachenraum, Zahnungsschmerzen.- Zu viel Maqensaure, Maqensaure am falschen Ort, qeschadiqte Magenschleimhaut, Sodbrennen, saures Aufstossen.- Gastritis, Ulkus (Magengeschwur, Zwoelffingerdarmgeschwur).- Magenbeschwerden ohne ein Zuviel an Saure.- Blahunqen.- ubelkeit, Erbrechen, Reisekrankheit.- Durchfallerkrankungen.- Stuhlverstopfung (Opstipation).- Hamorrhoiden.- Erkrankungen der Leber, Galle und Bauchspeicheldruse.- Erkrankungen im Bereich der Gallenblase.- Die Bauchspeicheldruse.- Erkrankungen der ableitenden Harnwege.- Nieren- und Blasensteine, Durchspulungstherapie.- Harnwegsinfekte.- Reizblase.- Harninkontinenz, Blasenschwache.- Die Prostata - Vorsteherdruse.- Die Prostatitis.- Immunsystem und Infekte.- Starkunq des Immunsystems.- Der grippale Infekt.- Schnupfen, Nebenhoehlenentzundung.- Entzundungen im Rachenraum.- Herpes, Fieb erblase.- Husten.- Trockener Reizhusten.- Husten mit festsitzen dem Schleim.- Krampfartiger Husten, Keuchhusten, Asthma.- Erkrankungen des Bewegungsapparates.- Muskelschmerzen.- Stumpfe Verletzun gen, Prellun gen, Blutergusse, Zerrungen.- Die rheumatischen Erkrankungen.- Herz, Kreislauf, Blutqetasse.- Herz.- Arteriosklerose, Gefassverkalkung.- Blutdruck.- Venen.- Frauenkrankheiten und Geburtshilfe.- Der Monatszyklus.- Pramenstruelles Syndrom.- Blutungsanomalien, Schmerzen.- Wechselbeschwerden.- Schwangerschaftserbrechen.- Geburtsvorberetlung.- Stillp eriode.- Infektionen der Scheide und der aufieren Geschlechtsorgane.- Erkrankungen der Haut.- Trockene Haut.- Fette Haut, Akne.- UEbermassiqe Schweissproduktion.- Insektenstiche.- Sonnenbrand.- Juckreiz.- Ekzeme.- Neurodermitis - atopische Dermatitis.- Windeldermatitis.- Furunkel und andere bakterielle Infektionen der Haut.- Behandlung oberflachlicher Wunden.- Narbenbehandlung.- Chronische Mudigkeit und psychosomatische Erkrankungen.- Krebsbehandlung mit Pflanzen?.- Zuckerkrankheit, Diabetes.- Virusinfektionen.- Bakterielle Infektionen.- Pilzerkrankungen.- Para siten, Wurmerkrankungen.- Bluthochdruck.- Pflanzliche Neuheiten am Mark?.- Pu-Erh-Tee.- Macawurzel.- Noni.- Nopal-Kaktus.- Momordica.- Reishi-Pilz.- Aloe vera.- Pflanzliche Arzneimittel in der Schwangerschait und Stillzeit.- Vital durch Kneipp.- Wer war Sebastian Kneipp?.- Die funf Saulen der Kneipptherapie.- Beschreibung der Anwendungen, die im Buch erwahnt wurden.- Allergien, Asthma.- Register.

Your primary source for information on the legal issues of pharmaceutical practice, care, and activity Today's pharmacist is faced with legal, ethical, and moral concerns in making the transition from traditional pharmacy practice to an expanded role in clinical pharmacy and patient drug management services. Pharmacy Law Desk Reference is a primer on the legal aspects of pharmaceutical practice, providing background on foundational legal concepts, and guidance on the Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act (FDCA), the Controlled Substances Act (CSA), and the Federal Trade Commission. This unique book examines the major topics that impact pharmaceutical care, including professional liability insurance; the need for supportive personnel in pharmacy practice; patent law, trademarks, and copyrights; law and ethics; business law; HIPAA privacy in the pharmacy; electronic prescribing; and medication error reporting. Handy tables, figures, and exhibits make complex information easy to access and understand. The better pharmacists understand the regulatory and legislative framework that shapes their practice, the better they will be able to carry out their responsibilities to patients. Pharmacy Law Desk Reference offers a broad scope on established legal subjects, the current direction of the profession, and important contemporary topics that affect the clinical role of the practicing pharmacist. Each chapter is authored by a nationally recognized authority on one or more aspect of pharmacy law and many of the contributors are active in the American Society of Pharmacy Law. Topics addressed in Pharmacy Law Desk Reference include: telepharmacy collaborative drug therapy management trade secrets and trade secret protection anti-competitive practices the threat of civil and criminal liability the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA) FDA inspections consumer protection laws credentialing pharmacy compounding accreditation employment contracts Medicaid and Medicare controlled substance registration and prescription orders forged prescription orders and many more Pharmacy Law Desk Reference is a comprehensive resource on the professional, legal, and contemporary issues in pharmacy practice. It is a primary reference guidebook for pharmacy practitioners, leaders of state and national pharmacists associations, members of state boards of pharmacy, educators and students, and an essential addition to all pharmacy libraries.