This issue will include 16 articles, which will provide an overview of the biomechanics of the procedure, several surgical options (including how to perform the operation on a fully-awake patient), as well as some novel approaches and a review of one doctor's patient outcomes over the past 30 years.

The scope of use of local anesthetics in procedures in plastic surgery is covered in this issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery. Discussion centers on plastic surgeons in private practice in ambulatory facilities and those scheduling time for OR in hospital facilities using local anesthetics while accommodating patient comfort and absence of side-effects post general anesthesia. Presented in this publication are the most common plastic surgeries that can be done under local anesthesia, each with a discussion of the optimal anesthetic, method of administration, and dosage. Video of the procedure or portion of the procedure, as applicable, accompanies the techniques along with a surgical case. The goal of this issue is to provide a concise reference for surgeons' planning surgeries to review and perhaps adapt currently used methods with this latest information on local anesthetics. Surgical Technique is provided in detail with full analysis of Patient Selection and Planning, Complications and Post-procedure Care. Contents include Complications; Basic Science of Locals; Skin Grafts and Flaps; Peripheral Nerve; Foot Surgery; Breast Surgery; Liposuction; Hand Trauma; Oculoplastic Surgery; Ear Surgery; Hair Transplantation; among others.

Beyond the skin as protective barrier, surgeons and dermatologists explore the science of skin as they work with it every day on patients and clients with aging skin, facial scars, deformities, skin cancer, sun damage, vascular lesions, and traumatic injuries. This compilation of topics in Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics provides a primer on the basic science of skin, wound healing, exploration of genes, stem cells, and molecular science, along with direct clinical information related to surgery and medicine applicable in skin disorders, cosmetic procedures, and reconstructive procedures. Guest Editors David Hom and Adam Ingraffea lead a group of facial plastic surgeons and dermatologists who present an Overview of a specific skin problem, Therapeutic options, Clinical outcomes, Complications and sequela, along with a review of the most current literature to date on the subject of skin as is clinically and surgically relevant for dermatologists, facial plastic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and general practitioners.

Outcomes . . .familiar in medicine fields, but only in recent decades becoming more of an issue for surgeons . . .the highly subspecialized nature of the surgical profession and breadth of procedures along with variance in patient population creates a challenge in achieving useful, informative outcomes. Here, in this issue of Clinics in Plastic Surgery, the focus is on evidence-based practice and outcomes in plastic surgery, spanning the major areas of cosmetic and reconstructive surgery. Outcomes as guidance for the surgeon's decision regarding approaches and techniques for procedures is the approach. Some of the topics covered are: Measuring Outcomes in Aesthetic Surgery; Measuring Outcomes in Craniofacial and Pediatric Surgery; Measuring Outcomes in Hand Surgery; How to Link Outcomes Data to Quality Initiatives in Plastic Surgery; along with How to Use the Outcomes Questionnaire, Pearls and Pitfalls; among others. Guest Editors Kevin Chung and Andrea Pusic lead this review. Dr. Chung is involved with structuring evidence-based practice and research in hand surgery to derive the best evidence to guide treatment for upper extremity conditions and he developed the Michigan Hand Outcomes Questionnaire. Dr Pusic developed the BREAST-Q, which measures satisfaction and quality-of-life outcomes among breast reconstruction patients. Out of the BREAST-Q has come the FACE-Q, which provides a clinically useful patient-reported outcome measure of satisfaction and quality of life following elective surgical and non-surgical facial rejuvenation.

A collection of minimally invasive facial rejuvenation techniques are examined to answer the question: Are they replacing more traditional/aggressive surgical procedures This clinical and surgical information in Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics examines the increasing use of less invasive procedures and addresses how these are changing the surgeon's traditional approaches. . . 15-minute rhinoplasty, 1-hour facelift, lunchtime laser treatment, 5-minute Botox . .all are very much in the public consciousness and facial plastic surgeons address minimally invasive procedures with the question: Do they work? What is the evidence in terms of outcomes for each of the procedures addressed? What are the challenges?Authors compare a minimally invasive technique with its more invasive procedure counterpart in facial rejuvenation and provide their own experience and sense of ultimate long-term results, technique, complications, contraindications, recovery, patient selection. Endoscopic brow lift is compared with coronal brow lift; Necklifts are compared with cervical skin tightening devices; Facial fillers are compared with facial implants; Fractional and ablative CO2 resurfacing are compared; Rhinoplasty versus fillers; and more. . .Guest Editor Theda Kontis leads this presentation intended for facial plastic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and other specialists who are certified to practice cosmetic surgery.

With approximately 13.8 million minimally-invasive cosmetic surgeries performed in the United States, and approximately 12.2 million minimally invasive cosmetic treatments performed in 2011, most of these are undertaken in surgeons group practice or surgery center locations. The most common as well as the most dreaded complications are presented along with articles presenting best practice for cosmetic surgery centers. Each topic presents Anesthesia, Infection control, Complication avoidance and management, along with technique video. Some of the topics include: Patient Selection in Outpatient Surgery; Airway Management in the Outpatient Setting; Deep Venous Thrombosis - Prevention and Management; Intravenous Sedation from the Surgeon s Perspective; Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting; among other relevant issues to the surgeon. Guest Editors are Geoffrey Keyes and Robert Singer, both involved with the Association for Accreditation of Ambulatory Surgery and fervent about certified surgeons running ambulatory facilities for best outcomes and avoidance of mortalities and severe morbidities. "Outpatient Plastic Surgery is a clear, handy reference not only for the young plastic surgeon but also as a resource for those well established in practice." Reviewed by Aesthetic Surgery Journal., May 2015

An important review on the orbit for the oral and maxillofacial surgeon! Topics include anatomy, imaging and radiology, growth and development of the orbit, surgical ophthalmology exam, surgical approaches and navigation technology, biomaterials in orbital surgery, orbital trauma, late correction of orbital deformities, orbital tumors, esthetic surgery of the orbits and eyelids, correction of the orbit in craniofacial deformities, prosthetic reconstruction of the orbit/globe, and more!

Nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC) is one of the most important causes of morbidity and therapeutic costs especially in Western countries such as Australia, Europe and United States of America. The overall NMSC rates have risen precipitously in the last three decades, leading to an increase in patients seeking treatment from dermatologists, facial plastic surgeons, plastic surgeons, and related disciplines. The head and neck is a region in which anatomical, functional and aesthetic problems may occur; therefore, clinicians, surgeons and researchers are working to find new diagnostic techniques and therapeutic modalities. This issue of Facial Plastic Surgery Clinics reviews different topics in NMSC in-depth with discussion, figures, tables, clinical, histopathological and surgical photographs, and provides an up-to-date information source for the clinicians and surgeons. Guest Editor Cemal Cingi, an expert clinician and researcher in cancers of the head and neck, leads an international panel of authors on this subject.

Information and updates on surgical techniques and equipment in the face of continued, rapid growth of plastic surgery are presented. The majority of this surgical information presents a blend of the newest data with a description of current and potential future clinical/surgical applications of new concepts, tools and techniques. Unique innovations in the field of breast reconstruction, treatment of lymphedema, and genitourinary function rehabilitation are addressed. Burns, extremity salvage, muscle flaps, biomaterials, reconstructive transplantation are among the topics presented. Information contained in Impact of Advances in breast Cancer Management on Reconstructive and Aesthetic Breast Surgery provides a practicing plastic surgeon an update of what is new in breast oncology and how it is or should be linked with the plastic surgeon's approach to breast surgery and reconstruction. Compilations of outcomes data are provided from ongoing clinical trials testing new concepts and techniques on the near horizon. A conclusion pertains to the details of ongoing acquisition of new skills, transferrance of existing skills, and maintenance of old skills, along with safety in plastic surgery in the context of surgical and technological advances presented by leaders representing diverse generations of practitioners.

Traditionally, professional medical and surgical society meetings, journals, and texts are single-specialty driven to accommodate specific specialists with information most important to them. A consequence of this structure is that it can create an unintentional and artificial barrier to sharing knowledge that can benefit patient outcomes. Cosmetic and reconstructive surgeons, more than ever, are seeking to know what other specialists are doing. This publication, the first of a series, focuses on the brow and upper eyelid rejuvenation and presents varied and complementary techniques from the core specialties of Plastic surgery, Oculoplastic surgery, Facial plastic surgery, and Dermatology to address all aspects of rejuvenation procedures of the upper face. Surgical and non-invasive techniques are presented concisely, focusing on time-tested as well as novel procedures. The most talented and accomplished subspecialists in their respective fields provide insights into such topics as Preoperative Evaluation for the Upper Eyelid and Brow; Aesthetic Enhancements in Upper Blepharoplasty; Asian Upper Lid Blepharoplasty; Prevention and Intraoperative Management of Blepharoplasty Complications; Ptosis Repair in Aesthetic Blepharoplasty; Adjunctive Fat Grafting of the Brow/Upper Lid; The Open Brow Lift; Adjunctive Skin Care of the Brow and Upper Lid; among many others. Specific techniques, Patient perspective and goals, and clear anatomic descriptions are presented with each procedure, with several offering technique videos. Guest editors Babak Azizzadeh and Guy Massry strongly believe that, with more and varied practitioners with different training taking on cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries or procedures, transparency of information is essential in order to expose the best information to all practitioners of this art and science.

Oncoplastic breast cancer surgery is one of the fastest-growing domains in breast surgery. This approach is continuing to gain practice acceptance due to increased emphasis on both optimum cosmetic outcome and maintenance of a sound oncologic basis. This book summarizes the basic principles and techniques using evidence-based data. Patient images and comprehensive drawings complete this practical guide for surgeons who treat diseases of the breast.

Facial Plastic Surgeons continually strive to improve their patients' results and procedure experience. The material in this issue presents how to stay on "the cutting edge? with innovative tools and techniques while performing efficacious, innovative, and relatively safe procedures. The topics include latest laser procedures, ultrasound treatment, platelet fibrin matrix gels, stem cell studies, and chemical peel techniques, among other innovations. These reviews of procedures, techniques, and devices should be considered in the light of evidence based medicine. There may be limited data as to their potential outcomes and complications, as is frequently the case with innovations in Facial Plastic Surgery. A comprehensive overview of the emerging procedures and tools and discussion of outcomes, considerations, complications, and successes are presented here.

Plastic Surgery's pre-eminence in the field of surgical wound management is enhanced with clinical information in this publication. A surgeon involved with an international team training surgeons throughout the world in wound technology leads this issue, presenting advances in wound technology. Wound technology has enabled plastic surgeons to treat a wide variety of wounds successfully and has transformed wound surgery to a thriving, cutting edge specialty. Topics include: Debridement; Microbial Barrier Protection; Harnessing Growth Factors to Influence Wound Healing; Regenerative Materials that Facilitate Wound Healing; Compression and Venous surgery to treat VLUs; Early Experience with Stem Cells in treating Chronic Wounds; Hyperbaric Oxygen, Topical Oxygen and Nasal Oxygen in Wound Management; Negative Pressure Wound Therapy: An Algorithm; Sophisticated Surgical Solutions for Complex Wound Problems; An Algorithm for Limb Salvage for Chronic Ulcers; Outcome Assessment for Chronic Wound Management with Serial Debridement, and Topical Surface Manipulation.

A panel of experts in facial plastic surgery procedures respond to questions regarding their approaches, techniques, outcomes, and overviews of specific procedures. Surgeons address cosmetic and reconstructive surgeries in Rhinoplasty, Revision Rhinoplasty, Facelift, Midface Lift, Chemical Peels, Laser Resurfacing, Lip Augmentation, Mandible Fractures, Subcondylar Fractures, Facial Reanimation, Injectables and Fillers, and Fat Grafting. This is one of a two-volume presentation that continues with topics addressing Neuromodulators, Hair Replacement, Upper Face Rejuvenation, Blepharoplasty, Le Fort Fractures, Implants, and Auricular Deformities.

Imaging and Anatomy of the Cochlea; Genetics of Hearing Loss, Testing, and Relevance to Cochlear Implantation; Candidacy Evaluation, Medical and Surgical Considerations for Cochlear Implantation, Expanding Criteria in Children; Surgical Technique for Cochlear Implantation and Accepted Variations in Children; Bilateral Cochlear Implantation; Implanting Obstructed and Malformed Cochleae; Device Programming NRT, NRI, Streamlined Programming; Cochlear Implants and Music; Rehabilitation and Educational Considerations in Cochlear Implantation; Outcomes and Variables Affecting Outcomes in Cochlear Implantation; Language Development and Cochlear Implantation; New Frontiers in Cochlear Implantation: electroacoustic, hearing preservation; Revision Cochlear Implantation in Children; Current and Future Device Options for Cochlear Implantation

Skin- Histology and physiology of wound healing; Acne scars- prevention and management; Oculoplastic pearls- preventing cicatricial scars and ectropion in eyelid repair; Adjunctive procedures that follow skin cancer repair, improve results, and treat complications- i.e., how to use a Z plasty on a tethered scar, the use of GBLC to correct scar depression, the use of dermal fat grafts to improve surface contour, etc. Use of camouflaging makeup; Proper care of early wounds to optimize healing and prevent complications- i.e.- what do you do when there is avulsed skin, open wounds that must heal by secondary intention, loss of skin in darker pigmented patients, etc.; The role of intralesional/ intra-scar steroids in post op wound care management; Keloids: prevention and treatment; Dermabrasion; Non and less ablative lasers to improve and minimize superficial scars (IPL, erbium, YAG, etc); Topical therapies to improve scars- including vitamin E, Mederma, silicone; Burns

More and more plastic surgeons are turning to cosmetic medicine and minimally invasive surgery as a way to supplement their practices. This multidisciplinary issue, which includes dermatologists as well as plastic surgeons, gives detailed information on how to perform several procedures, including dermabrasion, botox injection, laser therapy, and thermage.

"Cleft Lip and Palate Primary Repair" introduces the main approaches to cleft lip and palate repaired, including the principles of design, skills and case analysis. Presenting a collection of advanced theories and techniques in this field, richly illustrated and with video clips of the respective operations, it is intended for plastic surgeons, oral surgeons and paediatrics surgeons, as well as for medical students.

Bing Shi is a Professor and surgeon at Department of Cleft Lip and Palate Repair in West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, China. Brian C. Sommerlad is a Consultant Plastic Surgeon at the North Thames Cleft Center, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, UK.

Topics include: Defining the problem/proof of concept; The reconstructive model; Do ADM's change the rationale for immediate vs. delayed?; Direct to implant reconstruction; Capsular contracture and ADM's; Pocket reinforcement/bottoming out; ADM's in the irradiated breast; Emerging applications; Comparison of different ADM materials; Tips and pearls; Economic considerations

A global pool of surgeons and researchers using 3-dimensional imaging for facial plastic surgery present topics on: Image fusion in pre-operative planning; The use of 3D imaging tools including stereolithographic modeling and intraoperative navigation for maxillo-mandibular and complex orbital reconstruction; Custom-made, three-dimensional, intraoperative surgical guides for nasal reconstruction; The benefits and limits of using an integrated 3D virtual approach for maxillofacial surgery; 3D volume assessment techniques and computer-aided design and manufacturing for pre-operative fabrication of implants in head and neck reconstruction; A comparison of different new 3D imaging technologies in facial plastic surgery; 3-D photography in the objective analysis of volume augmentation including fat augmentation and dermal fillers; Assessment of different rhinoplasty techniques by overlay of before and after 3D images; 3D volumetric analysis of combined facial lifting and volumizing (volume enhancement); 3-D facial measurements and perceptions of attractiveness; Teaching 3-D sculpting to Facial Plastic Surgeons, 3-D insights on aesthetics; Creation of the virtual patient for the study of facial morphology; 3-dimensional video analysis of facial movement; 3D modeling of the behavior of facial soft tissues for understanding facial plastic surgery interventions

Cutting edge information for all oral and maxillofacial surgeons on tissue engineering in maxillofacial reconstruction Topics include innovations in implant design and treatment, esthetic considerations for implant therapy, bone graft augmentation-mandible, bone graft augmentation-maxilla, guided surgery for implant therapy, a practical approach to the use of zygomatic implants, all on four maxilla, orthognathics orthodontics and osseointegration, dental implants in cancer reconstruction, dental implants and the use of BMP-2, craniofacial implants, and much more

Long Term Results of BHR and Lessons Learned, Effect of Patient Selection and Surgical Techniques on Outcome Results of Conserve Plus, Results and Use of Mono Block Cups (Thick vs Thin), Changes in High Activity After Resurfacing, Incidence and Prevention of Complications for Resurfacing, A Survey of Incidence of Pseudotumors with MOM Hip Resurfacing in Canadian Academic Centers, Effects of Component Orientation, Coverage, and Design on Ion Levels and ALTR After Hip Resurfacing: A Multi-Center Study, Imaging and In Vivo Validation of MARS MRI After Hip Resurfacing, Histological Features of Femoral Hip Resurfacing with Neck Narrowing, Risk Factors and Affects on Incidence on Pseudotumors, Promising New Techniques for Hip Resurfacing, Comparison of Functional Results of Hip Resurfacing and Total Hip Replacement, Indications, Techniques, and Results of Revision of Hip Resurfacing, Comparison of Cemented and Cementless Hip Resurfacing- A 2-5 year Follow-up

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