Police Unlimited is centred on the controversial idea that police forces are a focal point for conflict in modern society. Instead of emphasising the socially integrative function of police forces, the book links to a conflict model concerned with its socially divisive effects. Throughout the book, the consequences of this social division are discussed, using a detailed ethnographic study of the Dutch police as a starting point, and extending the analysis out to look at the global situation. The book is based on a five year ethnography exploring police discrimination in the Dutch police. It examines cases of conflict, both inside and outside the police station, thus covering interethnic tensions at work as well as hostility towards migrants observed while joining officers on patrol. The cases are discussed in light of the corroding public character of Dutch policing and the risks involved in terms of discrimination, and the arbitrary, or even privatized, use of power. Signalling an increased blurring of the private and public spheres in policing, the book warns of an "unlimited" police service that is no longer constrained by the public contours that delineate a legal bureaucracy. To develop a police anthropology, the ethnographic materials are consistently compared with other police ethnographies in the "global north" and "global south". This comparative analysis points out that the demise of bureaucracy makes it increasingly difficult for police organizations across the globe to exclude politics, particularism and populism from their operations. Police Unlimited addresses the curious position of police organizations in the 21st century through the lens of a police anthropology concerned with deep-seated police discrimination across the world. In an age in which bureaucracy is considered to be the social evil of our time, Police Unlimited offers a controversial message: it is exactly the dehumanized and impersonal nature of bureaucracy that transforms policing into a neutral and fair practice.

A unique insight into the hidden world of informers and related aspects of covert and undercover policing. Edited by Roger Billingsley, head of the Covert Policing Standards Unit at New Scotland Yard, this book is the first to look behind the scenes of this kind of police work since the authorities relaxed the rules on restricted information. Contents: Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) covers such key matters as: What is meant by CHIS; The legal framework; The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA); Inherent powers and the position at Common Law; 'Informers' and 'informants'; Working methods and oversight; Handlers, controllers and authorising officers; Dangers and risks; Human rights, proportionality and 'necessity'; Corruption and 'noble cause corruption'; Protection and the duty of care; Motives of informers; Official participation in crime: how far is it lawful?; Undercover officers: strains, duties and requirements; Records and management of information; Juvenile informers; Texts, public interest immunity and anonymity; Debriefing and human memory; The context of informer relationships; Ownership of intelligence and communications; A European perspective; General background, views and opinions. Reviews 'A comprehensive and easy to follow / research text that covers a wide range of matters relating to informants and aspects of undercover police work. There are few texts dedicated soley to this area and as such this book will be of great value to professionals, academics, students and others who are are concerned with this important area of criminal investigation': Peter Hall, Coventry University 'A welcome addition that has drawn together a series of chapters from leading police officers, lawyers and academics, on an area of police work which can sometimes be ambiguous, occasionally uncharted, and where legislation presents the uninitiated with periods of bafflement and confusion. [The editor] does go someway to removing the mystery about this area of policing': Brief (the voice of Greater Manchester Police) Editor and Contributors Roger Billingsley served for 32 years in the English police service, mainly within the field of criminal investigation. He was actively involved in the world of informers - as a handler, controller and authorising officer - and later headed London's Metropolitan Police Service Covert Policing Standards Unit, dealing with every aspect of covert policing, including informers. Contributors: Jonathan Lennon, Clive Harfield, Ben Fitzpatrick, John Potts, Kingsley Hyland OBE, John Buckley, Alisdair Gillespie and Michael Fishwick. With a preface by John Grieve QPM and a Foreword by Jon Murphy QPM

In this study of voluntary charities in eighteenth-century London, Donna Andrew reconsiders the adequacy of humanitarianism as an explanation for the wave of charitable theorizing and experimentation that characterized this period. Focusing on London, the most visible area of both destitution and social experimentation, this book examines the political as well as benevolent motives behind the great expansion of public institutions--nondenominational organizations seeking not only to relieve hardship, but to benefit the nation directly--funded and run by voluntary associations of citizens. The needs of police, the maintaining of civil order and the refining of society, were thought by many ordinary citizens to be central to the expansion of England's role in the world and to the upholding of the country's peace at home.

Drawing on previously unexplored and unsynthesized materials, this work reveals the interaction between charitable theorizing and practical efforts to improve the condition of the poor. The author argues that it is impossible to comprehend eighteenth-century charity without taking into account its perceived social utility, which altered as circumstances mandated. For example, the charities of the 1740s and 1750s, founded to aid in the strengthening of England's international supremacy, lost their public support as current opinions of England's most urgent needs changed. Creating and responding to new visions of what well-directed charities might accomplish, late-century philanthropists tried using charitable institutions to reknit what they believed was a badly damaged social fabric.

Originally published in 1989.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Including contributions from leading international EBP researchers this book examines what makes something evidence-based and not merely evidence-informed, unifing the voices of police practitioners, academics, and pracademics. It provides real world examples of evidence-based police practices and how police research can be created and applied in the field.

This book explores themes similar to those developed by Lord Windlesham in his previous books, Responses to Crime (Oxford 1987), and Responses to Crime Volume 2: Penal Policy in the Making (Oxford 1993). In doing so the author once again penetrates deep in to the political processes which have shaped criminal justice legislation in Britain and the United States, and poses fundamental questions about the fairness and efficacy of the day to day processes of law making. For instance, should governments bow to popularist pressures or organized interests in the formulation of new legislation. The author cooly evaluates the evidence and demonstrates that despite super-human effort on the part of some legislators there is, worryingly perhaps, a discernible trend towards hasty drafting and enactment of legislation in the increasingly politicized area of criminal justice. The author goes on to offer a comparative examination of the legislative process in both the UK and the US and identifies themes such as the influence of the media and the pressure from party "grass-roots" on the voting patterns of politicians. This is another important source for all historians of contemporary criminal justice history. It is not merely well researched but is beautifully written and completes a trilogy of contemporary history which will set a standard for authors to follow in future years.

Professionalizing the Police is a timely reassessment of the development of British police training and its contribution to the furtherance of the police professionalism agenda. The police have long struggled with the concept of professionalism. The Victorians veered from regarding police as servants to sanctifying policing as a special calling, while the supposed Golden Age of Policing was riven by divisions of class as sharp as those of the social diversity that poses one of contemporary policing's harshest tests. Police training has reflected these ambiguities and uncertainties. The ground its curriculum covers, pedagogy it employs, and structures through which it operates have been contested, troublesome to manage, and blamed for policing's failures. Behind these frictions lie large issues of governance, policing's place in society and what it means to be professional. Late modernity is marked by uncertainty and scepticism. In 'post-truth' times, professionalism must accommodate ambiguities of class, ethnicity and sexuality. The police languish as last believers in a monochrome vision of society while the norms that make for contemporary sociality have moved on to a multiplex of diversities that harbour new extremes both of tolerance and intolerance. True professionalism alerts practitioners to other ways of delivering social control and just societies: empowering citizens and encouraging autonomy; supporting new modes of social relationships and lifestyle; fitting provision to cases; pluralizing services. This yardstick is used to assess and challenge the recruit and in-service curriculum and to tease out the options around which professionalism can be configured and embedded such that it plays its part in a humane, coherent, and accountable framework of police governance. The book will appeal to academics and postgraduate students in police research (across criminology, sociology, psychology, socio-legal studies) and the professions (sociology, political science), as well as senior police managers and trainers in the police service and other applied government bodies.

Intelligence is used daily by law enforcement personnel across the world in operations to combat terrorism and drugs and to assist in investigating serious and organized crime. Managing Intelligence: A Guide for Law Enforcement Professionals is designed to assist practitioners and agencies build an efficient system to gather and manage intelligence effectively and lawfully in line with the principles of intelligence-led policing. Research for this book draws from discussions with hundreds of officers in different agencies, roles, and ranks from the UK, United States, Australia, New Zealand, and Canada. Highlighting common misunderstandings in law enforcement about intelligence, the book discusses the origins of these misunderstandings and puts intelligence in context with other policing models. It looks at human rights and ethical considerations as well as some of the psychological factors that inhibit effective intelligence management. With practical tips about problems likely to be encountered and their solutions, the book describes the "how to" of building an intelligence management system. It discusses analysis and the various methods of collecting information for intelligence purposes and concludes with a discussion of future issues for intelligence in law enforcement. Written by a practitioner with more than 30 years experience working in intelligence and law enforcement, the book helps professionals determine if what they are doing is working and gives them practical tips on how to improve. Based upon real-world empirical research, the book addresses gaps in current law enforcement procedures and integrates theory with practice to provide an optimum learning experience exploring the benefits of intelligence-led policing.

'It was only two days after I arrived that I realised I had actually joined MI5. It did not exactly throw the doors wide and welcome scrutiny. The existence of the service was avowed but very little else about it was. Who worked for it? Where were its offices? What was its budget? What did it do? What was its relationship with government? All of these were secret - and yet MI5 was the most open of the three intelligence services.' In this short book, former Director General of the British Security Service Jonathan Evans describes how the secret services dealt with the need for greater openness and transparency during his tenure, even as national security needs were heightened. He draws insightful similarities between investigative journalism and espionage - from following leads and checking information to protecting sources - and welcomes the benefits of a mature relationship between the security services and journalism. He explores differences and similarities between other security services around the world, especially those in the United States, and how Brexit might impact the UK's future collaboration with other European security services. Secret Service is a fascinating insight into the world of the security services and a reminder of the importance of actively attending to the moral health of both the institution itself and its operatives who, by their very nature, are its greatest strength and also its greatest weakness.

The first social history of Scottish policing from 1900 to the present day This book will be the first to provide a much-needed history of the experience of policing in twentieth-century Scotland. Drawing on a wealth of archival materials, oral history interviews, memoir and autobiography, it examines the relationship between police officers and the diverse urban/rural communities they served against the backdrop of social and economic change, the ruptures of wartime, the impact of technology and the centralisation of governance. Through its analysis of the dynamics that created points of trust and co-operation as well as tension and conflict across time - with particular reference to gender, age, ethnicity and religion - it will contribute to broader current debates (outside of Scotland as well as within) about the significance of localism in assuring police legitimacy and delivering an effective service. Thus, it will also be the first book to offer a sustained historical analysis of the changing configuration of police-community relationships - from Victorian legacy to present day - highlighting patterns of chronological change as well as geographical variation. Key features Based on rich collection of previously unused primary source materials; Provides geographical coverage of rural areas (including highlands and islands) as well as densely populated urban areas; Focuses on social identities and the dynamics shaping police-community relationships across time in order to contribute to debates about effective policing today; Contextualises Scottish experience in relation to broader comparative frameworks.

Neighbourhood policing is one of the most significant and high profile innovations in UK policing in recent times. It has also been one of the most successful, garnering widespread political and public support for its objectives and the processes of policing that it has sought to embed. Indeed, it has recently been described as the 'bedrock' of the British policing model. But it was not always so lauded. At the time of its initial development it encountered considerable opposition and scepticism from both within and outside of the police. This book tells the story of how and why the neighbourhood policing model was originally designed and implemented, and then, what has led to a decline in its prominence in terms of everyday police practice. To do this, Neighbourhood Policing draws upon unparalleled empirical data from the authors' ten-year programme of research to provide unique and compelling insights into the key practices and processes associated with the concept and implementation of neighbourhood policing. The chapters describe how: key processes and practices have evolved and matured; the ways neighbourhood policing delivers a range of local policing services; as well as how, in some towns and cities, it has provided a platform for tackling violent extremism and organised crime. This approach is used to set out a broader analytic frame that addresses the conditions under which innovative policing models emerge, are developed and decline. In so doing, the book engages with wider and deeper questions about the police function in contemporary society.

Police who engage in torture are condemned by human rights activists, the media, and people across the world who shudder at their brutality. Stark revelations about torture by American forces at places like Guantanamo Bay have stoked a fascination with torture and debates about human rights. Yet despite this interest, the public knows little about the officers who actually commit such violence. How do the police understand what they do? How do their beliefs inform their responses to education and activism against torture? Just Violence reveals the moral perspective of perpetrators and how they respond to human rights efforts. Through interviews with law enforcers in India, Rachel Wahl uncovers the beliefs that motivate officers who use and support torture, and how these beliefs shape their responses to international human rights norms. Although on the surface Indian officers' subversion of human rights may seem to be a case of "local culture" resisting global norms, officers see human rights as in keeping with their religious and cultural traditions-and view Western countries as the primary human rights violators. However, the police do not condemn the United States for violations; on the contrary, for Indian police, Guantanamo Bay justifies torture in New Delhi. This book follows the attempts of human rights workers to both persuade and coerce officers into compliance. As Wahl explains, current human rights strategies can undermine each other, leaving the movement with complex dilemmas regarding whether to work with or against perpetrators.

In this study of voluntary charities in eighteenth-century London, Donna Andrew reconsiders the adequacy of humanitarianism as an explanation for the wave of charitable theorizing and experimentation that characterized this period. Focusing on London, the most visible area of both destitution and social experimentation, this book examines the political as well as benevolent motives behind the great expansion of public institutions--nondenominational organizations seeking not only to relieve hardship, but to benefit the nation directly--funded and run by voluntary associations of citizens. The needs of police, the maintaining of civil order and the refining of society, were thought by many ordinary citizens to be central to the expansion of England's role in the world and to the upholding of the country's peace at home. Drawing on previously unexplored and unsynthesized materials, this work reveals the interaction between charitable theorizing and practical efforts to improve the condition of the poor. The author argues that it is impossible to comprehend eighteenth-century charity without taking into account its perceived social utility, which altered as circumstances mandated. For example, the charities of the 1740s and 1750s, founded to aid in the strengthening of England's international supremacy, lost their public support as current opinions of England's most urgent needs changed. Creating and responding to new visions of what well-directed charities might accomplish, late-century philanthropists tried using charitable institutions to reknit what they believed was a badly damaged social fabric. Originally published in 1989. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

TV presenter and all-round car nut Ant Anstead takes the reader on a journey that mirrors the development of the motor car itself from a stuttering 20mph annoyance that scared everyone's horses to 150mph pursuits with aerial support and sophisticated electronic tracking. The British Police Force's relationship with the car started by chasing after pioneer speeding motorists on bicycles. As speed restrictions eased in the early twentieth century and car ownership increased, the police embraced the car. Criminals were stealing cars to sell on or to use as getaway vehicles and the police needed to stay ahead, or at least only one step behind. The arms race for speed, which culminated in the police acquiring high-speed pursuit vehicles such as Subaru Impreza Turbos, had begun. Since then the car has become essential to everyday life. Deep down everyone loves a police car. Countless enthusiasts collect models in different liveries and legendary police cars become part of the nation's shared consciousness. Ant Anstead spent the first six years of his working life as a cop. He was part of the armed response team, one of the force's most elite units. In this fascinating new history of the British police car, Ant looks at the classic cars, from the Met's Wolseleys to the Senator, the motorway patrol car officers loved most, via unusual and unexpected police vehicles such as the Arial Atom. It's a must-read for car enthusiasts, social historians and anyone who loves a good car chase, Cops and Robbers is a rip-roaring celebration of the police car and the men and women who drive them.

Extraordinary rendition-the practice of abducting criminal suspects in locations around the world-has been criticized as an unprecedented expansion of U.S. police powers. But America's aggressive pursuit of fugitives beyond its borders far predates the global war on terror. Uncle Sam's Policemen investigates the history of international manhunts, arguing that the extension of U.S. law enforcement into foreign jurisdictions at the turn of the twentieth century forms an important chapter in the story of American empire. In the late 1800s, expanding networks of railroads and steamships made it increasingly easy for criminals to evade justice. Recognizing that domestic law and order depended on projecting legal authority abroad, President Theodore Roosevelt declared in 1903 that the United States would "leave no place on earth" for criminals to hide. Charting the rapid growth of extradition law, Katherine Unterman shows that the United States had fifty-eight treaties with thirty-six nations by 1900-more than any other country. American diplomats put pressure on countries that served as extradition havens, particularly in Latin America, and cloak-and-dagger tactics such as the kidnapping of fugitives by Pinkerton detectives were fair game-a practice explicitly condoned by the U.S. Supreme Court. The most wanted fugitives of this period were not anarchists and political agitators but embezzlers and defrauders-criminals who threatened the emerging corporate capitalist order. By the early twentieth century, the long arm of American law stretched around the globe, creating an informal empire that complemented both military and economic might.

In Agent of Change Huda Mukbil takes us behind the curtain of a leading spy agency during a fraught time, recounting her experiences as an intelligence officer for the Canadian Security Intelligence Service. Mukbil was the first Black Arab-Canadian Muslim woman to join CSIS and was at the forefront of the fight against terrorism after 9/11. Mukbil’s mastery of four languages quickly made her a counterterrorism expert and a uniquely valuable asset to the organization. But as she worked with colleagues to confront new international threats, she also struggled for acceptance and recognition at the agency. Following the American-led invasion of Iraq in 2003 and the rise of homegrown extremism, Mukbil was framed as an inside threat. Determined to prove her loyalty, while equally concerned about the surveillance and profiling of Muslims and revelations of Western agencies’ torture and torture by proxy, Mukbil started to question CSIS’s fluctuating ethical stance in relation to its mandate. Her stellar work on a secondment to MI5, the British Security Service, earned commendation; this shielded her, but only temporarily, from the hostile workplace culture at CSIS. Ultimately, Mukbil and a group of colleagues went public about the pervasive institutional discrimination undermining CSIS and national security from within. Mukbil’s expertise in international security and her commitment to workplace transparency drove important changes at CSIS. Dazzlingly written, her account is an eye-opener for anyone wanting to understand how racism, misogyny, and Islamophobia undermine not only individuals, but institutions and the national interest – and how addressing this openly can tackle populism and misinformation.

Policing has developed as an increasingly important and popular subject of study at colleges and universities in western societies, either as a subject in its own right or as part of broader courses in the field of criminology and criminal justice. This book aims to bring together the key readings which constitute the core of policing studies, setting them within the necessary theoretical, social and political context, and providing an explanatory commentary.

The book is divided into five major sections:

• the history of policing: focusing on the emergence of the police in the USA and the UK, but including several readings on other policing systems;

• the role of the police: in particular the balance of tension between crime fighting, order maintenance and other forms of service, and how these arguments have developed historically;

• organisation and culture: how these are theorised and understood, considering arguments about the need for reform;

• approaches to policing: from crackdowns and the ‘broken windows’ theory, through zero tolerance to community policing;

• policing futures: debates about the future shape of policing, including work on risk, actuarialism and post-Keynesianism, and the debate on how current trends are to be understood.

Table of Contents

Introduction, List of abbreviations, Acknowledgements Part A: The Emergence and Development of the Police Introduction 1. The demand for order in civil society, Allan Silver 2. Police and people: the birth of Mr Peel's 'blue locusts', Michael Ignatieff 3. Cops and Bobbies, 1830-1870, Wilbur R. Miller 4. A 'new police' in Australia, Mark Finnane 5. The emergence of the police - the colonial dimension, Mike Brogden 6. The emergence of the police - explaining police reform in eighteenth and nineteenth century England, John Styles 7. The evolving strategy of policing, George L. Kelling and Mark H. Moore 8. The evolving strategy of police: a minority view, Hubert Williams and Patrick V. Murphy Part B: The Role and Function of the Police Introduction 9. The police as peace officers, Michael Banton 10 Responsibilities of the police, William Westley 11. What do the police do? David H. Bayley 12 Florence Nightingale in pursuit of Willie Sutton: a theory of the police, Egon Bittner 13. The paradox of dispossession: skid row at night, William Ker Muir Jr 14. The police: mandate, strategies, and appearances, Peter K. Manning 15. The police as reproducers of order, Richard V. Ericson 16. The investigative function, P. Greenwood, J.M. Chaiken and J. Petersilia Part C: Police Culture Introduction 17. A sketch of the policeman's 'working personality', Jerome Skolnick 18. The asshole, John Van Maunen 19. Street cops and management cops: the two cultures of policing, Elizabeth Reuss-lanni and Francis A.J. Lanni 20. Culture as figurative action, Clifford Shearing and Richard Ericson 21. Changing police culture, Janet Chan 22. Police (canteen) sub-culture: an appreciation, P.A.J. Waddington Part D: Policing Strategies Introduction

23. Improving policing: a problem-oriented approach, Herman Goldstein 24. Who ya gonna call? The police as problem-busters, John E. Eck and William Spelman 25. Community policing in Chicago, Wes Skagan and Susan Hartnett 26. The rhetoric of community policing,Carl B. Klockars 27. Broken windows: the police and neighborhood safety, James Q. Wilson and George L. Kelling 28. Crime is down in New York City: blame the police, William J. Bratton 29. Beyond zero tolerance, David Dixon 30. Reforming to preserve: Compstat and strategic problem solving in American policing, David Weisburd, Stephen D. Mastrofski, AnnMarie McNally, Rosann Greenspan and James Willis 31. Sizing up COMPSTAT: an important administrative innovation in policing, Mark H. Moore 32. The policing of risk, Richard V. Ericson and Kevin D. Haggerty Part E: Deviance, Ethics and Control Introduction 33. The beating of Rodney King, Jerome Skolnick and James Fyfe 34. The Dirty Harry problem, Carl B. Klockars 35. Gratuities and corruption,John Kleinig 36. Police accountability revisited, Geoffrey Marshall 37. The legal regulation of policing, David Dixon Part F: The Emerging Pattern of Policing Introduction 38. Policing a postmodern society, Robert Reiner 39. Policing, politics and postmodernity, Pat O'Malley 40. The future of policing, David H. Bayley and Clifford D. Shearing 41. The transformation of policing? Understanding current trends in policing systems, Trevor Jones and Tim Newburn 42. Women in control? Frances Heidensohn 43. The new surveillance, Gary T. Marx

44. The thick green line: the growing involvement of military forces in domestic law enforcement, Colonel Charles J. Dunlap Jr 45. Cops and spooks: the uneasy partnership, Jean-Paul Brodeur Index

An inside look at how police officers are trained to perpetuate state violence.

Michael Brown. Philando Castile. George Floyd. Breonna Taylor. As the names of those killed by the police became cemented into public memory, the American public took to the streets in unprecedented numbers to mourn, organize, and demand changes to the current system of policing. In response, police departments across the country committed themselves to change, pledging to hire more women and people of color, incorporate diversity training, and instruct officers to verbally de-escalate interactions with the public.

These reform efforts tend to rely on a “bad apple” argument, focusing the nature and scope of the problem on the behavior of specific individuals and rarely considering the broader organizational process that determines who is allowed to patrol the public and how they learn to do their jobs. In Before the Badge, Samantha J. Simon provides a firsthand look into how police officers are selected and trained, describing every stage of the process, including recruitment, classroom instruction, and tactical training.

Simon spent a year at police academies participating in the training alongside cadets, giving her a visceral, hands-on understanding of how police training operates. Using rich and detailed examples, she reveals that the process does more than test a cadet’s physical or intellectual abilities. Instead, it socializes cadets into a system of state violence. As training progresses, cadets are expected to see themselves as warriors and to view Black and Latino/a members of the public as their enemies. Cadets who cannot or will not uphold this approach end up washing out. In Before the Badge, Simon explains how this training creates a context in which patterns of police violence persist and implores readers to re-envision the future of policing in the United States.

The book used by Thandie Newton to research her part in Line of Duty. A lone policewoman disarms a knife-wielding schizophrenic; two officers drag a woman from a railway line seconds before an express train roars past; an undercover cop clings onto the bonnet of a drug-dealer's car as it speeds through a busy town centre. These are just some of the ways Britain's police officers are daily called upon to demonstrate bravery in the line of duty when even the most routine call can turn into a life-or-death situation and split-second judgements can make all the difference. Sometimes officers make the ultimate sacrifice in fulfilling their duty. When PC Bill Parker was swept to his death by floodwaters in Cumbria in 2009, he had been working to save stranded motorists from the same fate. This thrilling collection of first-person accounts of true courage celebrates the sustained bravery and presence of mind routinely displayed by so many officers in England, Wales and Scotland. The stories also reveal an insider's view of the culture, training and techniques police officers use in carrying out their duties.

Policing is not a popular topic of serious scholarly research. Although a vast literature on policing exists, it is mostly technical in nature and only rarely analytical. Even the police forces of Western Europe and North America have rarely been investigated in depth as far as their history and functioning goes. In particular, the politics of policing, its political economy, have been largely neglected. This book is a rare in-depth study of a police force in a developing country which is also undergoing a bitter internal conflict, further to the post-2001 external intervention in Afghanistan. Policing Afghanistan discusses the evolution of the country's police through its various stages but focuses in particular on the last decade. The authors review the ongoing debates over the future shape of Afghanistan's police, but seek primarily to analyse the way Afghanistan is policed relative to its existing social, political and international constraints. Giustozzi and Isaqzadeh have observed the development of the police force from its early stages, starting from what was a rudimentary, militia-based, police force prior to 2001. This is a book about how the police really work in such a difficult environment, the nuts and bolts approach, based on first hand research, as opposed to a description of how the Afghan police are institutionally organised and regulated.

It's different when it's your daughter. DI Gravel's daughter Emily has landed her dream job working for high profile solicitor Charles Turner. But the job turns deadly when she attracts the attention of a serial killer. Gravel is already on the case, the bodies are piling up and the killer's sick fantasies are enough to give the detective nightmares. However, the killer's obsession with Emily raises the stakes. Can Gravel and Emily survive the case? This is the third book in the dark, edge-of-your-seat Carmarthen Crime thriller series set in the stunning West Wales countryside. *Previously published as A Cold Cold Heart*

He's inside her home. Successful novelist Mia is being stalked. Photos of her and her four-year-old daughter arrive in untraceable emails that demand Mia perform various tasks or else . . . Terrified, Mia tries to escape, but the killer follows her all the way to Italy. In desperation, she returns home, but nowhere is safe. Meanwhile, DI Gravel is investigating the murder of three women. The detective's last case pushed him to new extremes. Now with his health failing and his career at an end, what lengths will Gravel go to in order to catch a vicious killer? Once you've crossed the line, can you ever turn back? This is the fourth book in the dark, edge-of-your-seat Carmarthen Crime thriller series set in the stunning West Wales countryside. *Previously published as Every Move You Make*

Is it revenge or is it justice? DI Gravel is supposed to be on mandatory leave, but when a severed head washes up on the estuary beach his holiday is cut short. Back on the job, he's shocked when the case leads him to the victim from an old case Seventeen years ago, the system failed Rebecca. They let the abuser of a six-year-old girl walk free. But she's all grown up now and taking the law into her own hands. Is this one killer DI Gravel doesn't want to catch? This is the second book in the dark, edge-of-your-seat Carmarthen Crime thriller series set in the stunning West Wales countryside. *Previously published as Before I Met Him*

A RADIO 4 BOOK OF THE WEEK 'A love letter to police officers and the most vulnerable people they protect and serve' CHRISTIE WATSON, author of THE LANGUAGE OF KINDNESS 'Extraordinary . . . urgent and compelling. We all have lessons to learn from this book' SIMON MAYO There is much more to policing than tackling crime. Every one of us will need the help of an officer at some point in our lives, often when we're at our most vulnerable. Yet how much do we really know about the realities of policing? Using real life stories from his twenty-five years of service with the Metropolitan Police, John Sutherland invites us beyond the cordon tape to bear witness to all he has seen. In doing so, he offers a hopeful vision for how we can tackle some of the biggest challenges facing society today. Includes a new Afterword on policing during the Covid-19 pandemic

Terroristisches Verhalten ist statistisch gesehen unwahrscheinliches Verhalten. Da- mit tritt es aber zugleich aus dem Verstandnishorizont heraus, aus dem die meisten Beobachter ihr eigenes Verhalten und das anderer Menschen interpretieren. So wir- ken die terroristischen Aktionen als doppeltes AErgernis. Die Effekte sind dramatisch, und die Motive bleiben unverstandlich. Ein Verhalten jenseits unserer Interpreta- tionsmoeglichkeiten bezeichnen wir gern als verruckt, als pathologisch, damit sind in- dessen keine Diagnosen, sondern nur Verstandnisgrenzen gekennzeichnet. Gerade extremes, unwahrscheinliches, einem breiten Verstandniskonsens entrucktes Han- deln muss ausserordentlich pragnanten Ordnungsprinzipien unterliegen, wenn es sich uberhaupt ereignen soll. Das von aussen unverstandlich Wirkende ist im Bewusstsein des Akteurs nicht nur uberzeugendes, sondern auch folgerichtiges Handeln, zu dem es fur ihn keine sinnvolle Alternative gibt. Terroristisches Handeln ist nur moeglich, wenn wir in ihm alles vorfinden, was zu einer funktionierenden sozialen Organisation gehoert: Ziele, ein geistiges Konzept, das sowohl die Selbst- als auch die Umweltdefinition enthalt, Interaktionspartner, Mittel, Erfolgserwartungen und fur den einzelnen eine akzeptable Rolle. Bis es zu ei- ner solchen Organisation kommt, braucht es Zeit. Terrorist wird niemand uber Nacht. Die Voraussetzung jeder Alternativkultur, also auch der politischen Alterna- tivkultur des Terrorismus, ist die Problematisierung, die Lockerung und schliesslich die negative Besetzung bisheriger Bindungen. Jede neue Organisation setzt also Abloesungsprozesse voraus. Diese Abloesungsprozesse sind zunachst nicht freiwillig, weder gesucht noch gezielt.

PHOEBE GREEN is an anti-war activist in an alternate 2003 where Tony Blair held a referendum to determine whether the UK should go to war with Iraq. The pro-war side won by 52% to the anti-war side's 48%. The nation is split. Political tensions are running high with accusations that the Yes side manipulated the referendum. Phoebe is at a protest with her fellow activists CASSIE, XIA, VINCE, PAULA, GUS, LIAM, her ex-boyfriend SEFU and her sister MEL, when they are all arrested except Cassie and Paula. Hours later, Phoebe is interrogated by the police and is informed that Cassie has been murdered. Phoebe has trouble coping and decides to try to solve Cassie's murder in order to maintain some sense of control. The activists tidy up in the wake of a police raid, and Liam tells Phoebe that malicious gossip will be emerging about him soon. Phoebe calls a friendly lawyer, ERYL, who offers to follow up with some of her contacts about Cassie's murder. Phoebe and Mel clean out Cassie's room. Phoebe finds a strange piece of paper containing the addresses of several men named RICHARD LAMPART. Phoebe goes to the pub where Cassie was murdered, where she learns the attack was far from random, as the police claimed. On her return, Sefu tells Phoebe that he spotted strangers on the farm, away from the house. Phoebe and Sefu see Vince being attacked by a right-wing agitator who they recognise from PATRIOT'S UNITE, a far-right organisation. Phoebe and Sefu run to help Vince but he's been killed by the time they arrive. Phoebe comforts Mel, who was dating Vince. Phoebe and Sefu decide to find Vince's attackers and bring them to justice. Xia is unhappy with this - she wants the activists to go on another action to ground some American B-52s at a nearby airbase before they can bomb Iraq. Phoebe and Sefu locate one of the attackers in a barn and trap him. The attacker, who Phoebe dubs COWARDLY WINSTON, tells them that he saw Vince and the other attacker being stabbed by a third party. Sefu and Phoebe return to the house and find a sword belonging to Sefu covered in blood. The investigators establish that it is possible for Vince to have been attacked in the way Cowardly Winston described. They can only conclude one of their friends is the murderer. Phoebe and Sefu used to think that the only people could they trust were inside the house. They now know they're wrong. One of their own is a murdered. But why would one of them kill Vince? And what does that have to do with the murder of young Cassie. And who is next to die?