'The most penetrating survey of the police since the royal commission on the police...This second edition has become even more pertinent.' - Lord Deedes;Police, Government and Accountability is an examination of the relationship between police and central and local government in the United Kingdom. The book deals with the constitutional position of police and traces developments in the debate on accountability from the Royal Commission report of 1962 to the present day.;The second edition also re-examines the police and government relationship after the passing of the controversial Police and Magistrates' Courts Act 1994 and the local government reforms. Particular attention is given to the model of accountability in Northern Ireland and the role played by the army in aid to the civil power.

This book provides broad exposure to a variety of policing reforms that have not received adequate attention. It includes information and examples from different countries regarding efforts to change aspects of policing that are problematic or involve changes in the way crimes are committed. Some of the efforts to improve the police are relatively recent (i.e., using social media) and some areas of policing that seem to require frequent attention (i.e., working with the public).

Are police forces agents of the state or of society? How do different police forces maintain order? How does the nature of a country's political system affect the state's reaction to disorder? This study identifies trends in public-order policing across a broad sample of seven countries: Britain, Northern Ireland, the Irish Republic, the United States of America, Israel, South Africa and China. It explains why the handling of disorder has become a controversial and topical issue in different parts of the world. Each chapter provides a range of data on the size, make-up and cost of the police and follows a common format in analysing the place of the police at the junction of state-society relations.

This book is the result of David Bayley's multi-year study of policing in Australia, Canada, Great Britain, Japan, and the United States. A recognized authority on policing, Bayley set out to examine the police as a whole, to work out whether police do what the citizens of democratic societies require and expect, and to formulate a future policy for the role of police in crime prevention.

International co-operation in criminal law enforcement has become a centrally important policy issue for Europe in the 1990s. In criminal matters, when a decision is taken to go beyond the discretionary exchange of information towards institutionalized police co-operation, a whole Pandora's box of issues and problems is opened. This book, based on interviews in a wide variety of documentary sources, examines the progress of this co-operation. The authors cover all the major and theoretical issues associated with the emerging pattern of co-operation, including the harmonization of criminal law and criminal procedure, law enforcement strategies, police organization and discipline, and the politics of immigration and civil liberties. In a European Union without internal border controls there is widespread agreement on the objective of closer police co-operation. But prospects in some areas are not good and there are potential pitfalls, even dangers, along the road to more integrated arrangements. The authors conclude by making recommendations that proper accountability arrangements are a prerequisite of a balanced and efficient system of European police co-operation.

This book presents a comprehensive examination of the drug control policy process in the United States. How are policy choices identified, debated and selected? How are the consequences of governmental policy measured and evaluated? How, if at all, do we learn from our mistakes. The first section deals with four different ways of understanding American drug policy: drug control as ideology, drugs as an issue of definition and measurement, an historical analysis of drug control, and finally, drug control as an occasion for debating the proper role of the criminal law. Zimring and Hawkins also discuss priority problems for drug control and provide a foundation for an improved policy process. They argue that protection of children and youth should shape policy toward illicit crime, with attention to the fact that youth protection objectives may limit the effectiveness of some drug controls.

Community policing seems always in vogue, yet its essential qualities remain elusive. There has been a rush to evaluate community policing before commentators have got to grips with what community police officers do which is distinctive. This important new book by a leading expert on community policing in Britain offers a detailed analysis of the activities, functions, and operations of community police officers, and shows how community police officers gather information about crime from the communities in which they serve, and also how they apply informal social control to public disorder situations. This original and scholarly work offers a conceptual framework within which the activities of community police officers may be understood, and as such will be of great interest to all those with an interest in contemporary British policing.

How far have women progressed in the `unfeminine' career of policing? How far do they want to go and how far will their male colleagues and the public let them? Women in Control? is the first comparative work on women and law enforcement in Britain and the United States. Based on a series of interviews with female officers, it examines such issues as equal opportunities, women officers' attitudes to sex crimes and violence, and male hostility and harassment, and explores new ground by seeking to place these experiences in the social and historical context.

From 1920 to 1970, detectives were the dominant force in American urban police departments. In American Detective, Thomas A. Reppetto examines detective bureaus rather than just individual detectives. Each chapter offers a behind-the-scenes look at detective bureaus, embryonic or fully formed, in New York, New Jersey, Los Angeles, Chicago, Cleveland, San Francisco, and Boston, the FBI and the Texas Rangers. From grisly murders to high-stake heists, political crimes to high-profile kidnappings, Reppetto takes readers on a journey through criminal justice history in the United States and shows how detectives played a major role in each case. Beginning with the invention of the detective in the mid-nineteenth century, Reppetto profiles famous sleuths throughout time, such as private detective chiefs Allan Pinkerton and William Burns, top commanders like Thad Brown of L.A., public safety director Elliott Ness of Cleveland, and America's "top cop" J. Edgar Hoover of the FBI, to name a few. Detectives were the city's watchdog before the entire police department took over in the late 19th century to make the city "safe." A solid case for the reinstatement of detectives' original primary function in police departments, Reppetto's book shatters the present-day policing system we take for granted.

"The Wild Ride" is a book like no other--an epic record of the opening of the Canadian west. It is the story of a force of untested young men, mounted policemen in crimson coats, sent west to do what they could to bring law and order to the land. "The Wild Ride" is history related in a bold way: as storytelling, as theatre, as art and exhibition, brought to life by an inspired collection of photos, artifacts, and ephemera.

The relationship between the police and young people in Australia is a topic of growing concern in Australian society. While people are concerned about juvenile crime, worries have also been expressed about police harassment and violence directed at young people. This book, first published in 1994, provides a sustained analysis of police-youth relations, offering new insights into how young people are policed. Some specific areas addressed include: the legal framework of police-youth interaction in Australia; the rights of young people; the policing of Aboriginal youth; the relationship between the police and young women; and ethnic and community policing, and likely future directions in policy. Written by a team of the leading people in the field this book makes an important contribution to debate on a critical issue. The Police and Young People in Australia shows the implications that contemporary police methods and practices have on the exercise of basic legal rights in Australian society.

The South African Police Force is among the world's most controversial police forces, plagued by allegations of misconduct and archaic methods. John Brewer places these problems in their historical context through this detailed study of the origins and development of policing in South Africa. Brewer sees a major problem in the lack of modernization: long after similar forces around the world had been modernized, South African Police continued to discharge a colonial role, using policing methods and styles suitable for the nineteenth century. Brewer eloquently links this lack of modernization and development to the South African state's need for a police force to uphold and implement its policies of internal colonialism. He argues further that this is the source of the close relationship between the police and state in South Africa. Now that the South African government has been transformed, the police force must adapt. Brewer concludes with a discussion of reform and warns that it will be severely constrained if it fails to transcend its colonial origins.

After twenty-five years police service on urban Tyneside, the author-a social anthropologist-transferred, on promotion as Superintendent, to West Mercia Constabulary. The arrival of this 'import' coincided with monetarist demands for efficiency and effectiveness, a political thrust which came hard up against rural ideas of hierarchy, paternalism, and a cultural belief that denied validity to outsiders - such as those in the adjacent West Midlands Police. Detailing the way West Mercia operated and justified some bizarre practices, the ethnography shows how cultural identity was defined and deployed on a daily basis and explores the diverse and rich cultural baggage the rural world sustained even in the face of intense calls for the management of change. Reflecting on the lack of financial control he found, the author links all this to the racism he observed-to a xenophobic means of maintaining social boundaries, defending edgy environments and preserving a semi-closed culture from the intrusions of outsiders.

The Rise of the Modern Police and the European State System from Metternich to the Second World War re-examines the diplomatic history of Europe from the 1820s to World War II as a succession of mounting police problems linking the countries of the Continent through their growing dependency on one another for domestic order, security, and social progress. It culminates in the clash between the movement toward international police collaboration and the alternative of Continental police hegemony by one power, as attempted by Nazi Germany between the late 1930s and 1945. This book is the first comprehensive history of Continental police systems, especially in the context of political and diplomatic history.

The relationship between policing and the governance of society is an important and complex one, especially as it relates to destitute areas. Through a comparative analysis of policing in skid row districts in three cities -Edinburgh, San Francisco, and Vancouver - "Negotiating Demands" offers an inside look at the influence of local political, moral, and economic issues on police practices within marginalized communities.

Through an analysis of various theoretical approaches and ethnographic field data, Laura Huey unveils a portrait of skid row policing as a political process. Police are regularly called upon to negotiate often-conflicting sets of demands, especially within the context of disadvantaged or troubled neighbourhoods. Examining a broad spectrum of police procedures and community responses, Huey offers a reconceptualization of the police as political actors who 'negotiate demands' of different constituencies. How the police meet these demands - through incident- and context-specific uses of law enforcement, peacekeeping, social work, and knowledge work - are shown to be a product of the civic environment in which they operate and of the 'moral-economic' forces that shape public discourse.

"Negotiating Demands" is an original and thought-provoking study that not only advances our knowledge of police organization and decision-making strategies but also refines our understanding of how processes of social inclusion and exclusion occur in different liberal regimes and how they can be addressed.

This is a colourful and lively - but scholarly - examination of the relationship between the cultures of the East End and the CID. The author focuses on strategies of negotion, trading, and entrepreneurship.

This book presents a comprehensive examination of the drug control policy process in the United States. How are policy choices identified, debated, and selected? How are the consequences of governmental policy measured and evaluated? How, if at all, do we learn from our mistakes? The first part of the book deals with four different ways of understanding drug policy in the United States. Chapter 1 examines drug control as ideology; Chapter 2 discusses the issues of definition and measurement; Chapter 3 provides a historical analysis of drug control; and Chapter 4 concerns drug control as an occasion for debating the proper role of the criminal law. Part Two provides a foundation for an improved policy process by discussing priority problems for drug control. Chapter 5 shows how the protection of children and youth should shape policy toward illicit drugs, with attention to the fact that youth protection objectives may properly limit the effectiveness of some drug controls. Chapter 6 explores the central but complex relationship between illicit drugs and predatory crime. Chapter 7 addresses the proper role of the federal government in drug control policy. A final chapter criticizes the current national drug control strategy and makes five suggestions for improving the drug control policy process.

`... the book is worth reading for anyone interested in the building of the new police frce for the changing South Africa and in policing in other countries.' - New Community

How were the Gestapo able to detect the smallest signs of non-compliance with Nazi doctrines, and how could they enforce their racial policies with such ease? Robert Gellately argues, controversially, that there was a three-way interaction between the Gestapo, the German people, and the implementation of policy; the key factor being the willingness of German citizens to provide the authorities with information about suspected `criminality'.

Based on hundreds of interviews with CIA officials, national security experts, and legislators, as well as a thorough culling of the archival record, America's Secret Power offers an illuminating and up-to-date picture of the CIA, stressing the difficult balance between the genuine needs of national security and the protection of individual liberties. Loch Johnson, who has studied the workings of the CIA at first hand as a legislative overseer, presents a comprehensive examination of the Agency and its relations with other American institutions, including Congress and the White House, and looks closely at how it pursues its three major missions--intelligence analysis, counterintelligence, and covert action.
At once fascinating and sobering, Johnson's book reveals how the best intelligence reports can be distorted or ignored; how covert actions can spin out of control despite extensive safeguards, as in the Iran-Contra scandal; and how the CIA has spied on American citizens in clear violation of its charter. Further, he provides a thorough review of legislative efforts to curb these abuses, and suggests several important ways to achieve the delicate balance between national security and democratic ideals.

This book offers a lively history of the Arkansas State Police.From the force's origins as the 'Arkansas Rangers' to Governor Cherry's plan for 'a trooper in every county' and on to today's sophisticated, diversified force, this new history of Arkansas' statewide policing authority - from its earliest days to dramatic manhunts and modernization - tells an important part of the state's development.Lindsey's text and archival photos show how the saga of Arkansas' police has reflected the state's growth, development of crime-solving methods, and innovation in technologies used by troopers to bring criminals to justice. Attention is given to the remarkable men and women who have served and the changing needs of a growing state.

Raw statistics for encounters between New York City police officers and pedestrians suggest large racial disparities less than 89 percent of 2006 stops involved nonwhites. The New York City Police Department asked RAND to help it understand this and identify recommendations for addressing potential problems. RAND researchers analyzed 2006 pedestrian-police encounters, finding small racial differences in rates of frisk, search, use of force, and arrest. RAND researchers found small racial differences and make recommendations here for improvement.

Police interviews with suspects and witnesses provide some of the most significant evidence in criminal investigations. Frequently challenging, they require special training and skills. This interaction process is further complicated when the suspect or witness does not speak the same language as the interviewer. A professional reference that can be used in police training or in any venue where an interpreter is used, Police Investigative Interviews and Interpreting: Context, Challenges, and Strategies provides solutions for the range of interview demands found in today's multilingual environments. Topics include: What interpreting is, the skills required, and the role of interpreters in any job context Investigative interviewing in law enforcement Concerns about interpreter intervention and its impact on interview outcomes The value of word-based over meaning-based interpretation in police and legal contexts Nonlinguistic factors that can have an impact on the interpreting process The book explores the multi-faceted dynamics of conducting investigative interviews via interpreters and examines current investigative interviewing paradigms. It offers strategies to help interpreters and law enforcement officers and provides examples of interpreted interview excerpts to enable understanding. Although the subject matter and the examples in this book are largely limited to police interview settings, the underlying rationale applies to other professional areas that rely on interviews to collect information, including customs procedures, employer-employee interviews, and insurance claim investigations. This book is part of the CRC Press Advances in Police Theory and Practice Series.

Doing the Business looks at the culture of London's East End and its relationship with the Criminal Investigation Department of the Metropolitan Police. The cultures of both the East End and the CID are examined in terms of their relationship with the market place and the emergent strategies of negotiation, trading, and, most importantly, entrepreneurship. The author breaks new ground in several crucial areas. He asks how well traditional notions of working class culture fit the East End, and argues convincingly that they do not. His model of an entrepreneurial working class culture (a shadow economy) is a departure from the routine 'them and us' picture of class relationships in Britain. He links the working class ethos peculiar to the East End with the occupational culture of detectives in an illuminating analysis of the working identity of plain clothes policing. There is also much of interest and originality in his theories of crime and delinquency, and in his documentation of the history of detective work in London. This is a highly original and at times controversial piece of work that contributes not only to our knowledge of culture and sub-culture, but also to the sociology of policing, and the study of class relations and organizations.