Winner, 2018 Law & Legal Studies PROSE Award The consequences of big data and algorithm-driven policing and its impact on law enforcement In a high-tech command center in downtown Los Angeles, a digital map lights up with 911 calls, television monitors track breaking news stories, surveillance cameras sweep the streets, and rows of networked computers link analysts and police officers to a wealth of law enforcement intelligence. This is just a glimpse into a future where software predicts future crimes, algorithms generate virtual "most-wanted" lists, and databanks collect personal and biometric information. The Rise of Big Data Policing introduces the cutting-edge technology that is changing how the police do their jobs and shows why it is more important than ever that citizens understand the far-reaching consequences of big data surveillance as a law enforcement tool. Andrew Guthrie Ferguson reveals how these new technologies -viewed as race-neutral and objective-have been eagerly adopted by police departments hoping to distance themselves from claims of racial bias and unconstitutional practices. After a series of high-profile police shootings and federal investigations into systemic police misconduct, and in an era of law enforcement budget cutbacks, data-driven policing has been billed as a way to "turn the page" on racial bias. But behind the data are real people, and difficult questions remain about racial discrimination and the potential to distort constitutional protections. In this first book on big data policing, Ferguson offers an examination of how new technologies will alter the who, where, when and how we police. These new technologies also offer data-driven methods to improve police accountability and to remedy the underlying socio-economic risk factors that encourage crime. The Rise of Big Data Policing is a must read for anyone concerned with how technology will revolutionize law enforcement and its potential threat to the security, privacy, and constitutional rights of citizens. Read an excerpt and interview with Andrew Guthrie Ferguson in The Economist.

What are you allowed to do to protect yourself or another person from harm? Force in Law Enforcement explains the justifications for the use of force by both citizens and law enforcement officers. The book offers a step-by-step process for making a citizen's arrest and presents sample scenarios in preparation for the board interview for law enforcement officers. It also introduces police strategies normally only available to students in the police academy. Students will learn about situations that call for uses of force and what the various use of force options are. They will be introduced to the legal justifications for lethal force, including what can be predicted and what can be prevented in lethal force situations. The book also addresses training procedures, rules of law, and ways to control force. Written by a former law enforcement professional and successfully class-tested, Force in Law Enforcement is well suited to introductory criminal justice and policing courses.

The Transportation Security Administration (TSA), within the Department of Homeland Security, screens or oversees the screening of over 650 million air passengers annually at over 450 airports nationwide, and attempts to balance its aviation security mission with the freedom of movement for people and commerce. In 2011, TSA began developing new security procedures intended to strengthen security and improve the passenger experience by shortening lines and wait times. These new procedures apply risk-based, intelligence-driven screening concepts and enhance the use of technology to determine passenger risk prior to travel. As part of its responsibilities for securing civil aviation, TSA ensures that all passengers and their accessible property are screened and prohibits individuals from carrying onto aircraft items that it determines to be a threat. TSA maintains a public list of such items, known as the Prohibited Items List (PIL), and updates it as necessary. This book examines, among other things, how TSA has developed, implemented, and used expedited screening; how TSA assesses passenger risk; and the extent to which TSA has determined the Managed Inclusion system's effectiveness. Furthermore, the book examines on what basis TSA modifies the PIL and the extent to which TSA assessed risk when considering recent modifications to the PILl; and the extent to which TSA involved stakeholders when considering these modifications.

Nearly 1 million people and $1.5 billion of trade entered the United States through 328 POEs on an average day in fiscal year 2013. CBP, within the Department of Homeland Security (DHS), has four trusted traveller programs -- Global Entry, NEXUS, SENTRI, and Free and Secure Trade (FAST) -- to provide for expedited travel through dedicated lanes and kiosks at POEs. This book addresses trends in enrolment and program use over the past 5 fiscal years; the extent to which CBP has designed and implemented processes to help ensure consistent and efficient enrolment of applicants; and the impacts of the programs on travellers and CBP. GAO analysed data on enrolment and POE operations from fiscal years 2009 through 2013, reviewed documents, and visited nine POEs selected based on traveller volume and location.

Policing has always been a tough job - dealing with criminals and the constant threat of physical attack. Any woman who puts her hand up for the role of protecting the community as a police officer, and manages to carry out her duties in a competent and conscientious manner, in the teeth of a myriad of external and internal challenges, is to be greatly admired.In 2015 Australia celebrates the centenary of the country's first appointment of women police. Yet it was not until 1961 that all jurisdictions finally had female officers.Tim Prenzler, one of Australian' s leading research criminologists, has spent 25 years studying the long and tortuous path to equality and professional recognition of Australia's women police. He has examined aspects of gender relations in policing, barriers to women in recruitment, the work of equity agencies, international comparisons of the status of women police, and performance comparisons of male and female officers.This fascinating book presents for the first time the story of 100 years of Australian women police. Filled with quotes and extracts from reports and correspondences of the time it sheds light on the conflicts, egos, biases, social mores and heroic efforts of those involved in this story.A vital contribution to Australian history as well as modern policing and policy, the book concludes with a simple recipe for eliminating discrimination and optimising the contributions of women to police work.

The author, Patrick Cote provides an in-depth analysis of police departments as seen through his 30 years of law enforcement experiences and trials and tribulations. Having been a police chief for 11 years in 3 states including New Hampshire, Arizona and Colorado, he provides detailed examples through life experiences. Avoiding the pitfalls and achieving success is the goal of this book for anyone in the criminal justice profession. He is currently a criminal justice faculty member for the University of Phoenix and a licensed private investigator in the state of Arizona.
A Guide of Successful Management Practices for:
Police Chief and Police Chief Candidates Police & Security promotional candidates Lower, Middle & Upper Police Management personnel Universities & Colleges- faculty & students Someone Interested in the Criminal Justice career field Police & Security trainers & trainees School Administrators & Teachers Law Enforcement Academies Behavioral Health Administrators and Personnel Attorneys, Paralegals, Judges, and Private Investigators Mayors, City Councils, and other government officials

The tragedies that have occurred on college campuses across the nation have been increasing the last decade. Taking this into consideration, Managing Campus Safety and Security in Higher Education provides a commentary from some of the leading campus public safety experts in hopes to promote a better understanding of the threats to campus security and how to stop them. Managing Campus Safety and Security in Higher Education was written mainly for graduate students, but also for senior administrators, parents, students, and security personnel alike. Available in Print and eBook editions, Managing Campus Safety and Security in Higher Education: Was written by 11 contributing authors with a wide variety of expertise in the field of campus security Promotes greater understanding of the dangers being faced on college campuses everywhere. Hopes to inspire meaningful discussions on the topic and provide for safer campuses everywhere.

When Pete Bono became a New York City Police Officer, he found himself faced with a harrowing choice - either he honored the oath he swore to the brotherhood of cops and protected the "Thin Blue Line," or he confronted fellow officers who crossed the line...and risked losing everything. The Special Investigating Unit of the NYPD Narcotics Division was the most corrupt law enforcement agency in American history. Some members of the unit used illegal wiretaps to obtain information on big-time drug dealers then, using that information, would set them up and rob them of their drugs and money. Killings were even a necessity, sometimes. A few dealers were allowed to continue to conduct business so long as they paid weekly bribes to the cops, cynically known as a "tax." The unit did have a few good cops, two of whom became famous when they made the biggest bust in American history -- The French Connection. Unfortunately, the NYPD had inherent flaws in is procedure for storing and safeguarding drug evidence. Everything was kept in the Property Room on Broome Street, and over the space of a few years, almost all of the drugs confiscated and held there were stolen, including those from The French Connection. The theft, with a street value of $70,000,000, has been referred to as the biggest heist in American history. Pete Bono discovered how this was being done and and got involved in a secret investigation that put not only his life but the lives of his family and friends...and even his sanity...in jeopardy. This is his story.

After becoming detached from Serial 502 Keith Blakelock was kicked and hacked to death by a mob using clubs, iron bars and machete-like weapons. His killers have never been brought to justice.'A rounded, mature assessment of the murder of Keith Blakelock, the events that led to the deployment of his serial during the disorder and the messy, and in many respects still unresolved aftermath'Professor Clive Emsley (from the Foreword). Published to mark the 30th anniversary of one of the most disturbing events in British policing, this masterly account by ex-Metropolitan Police commander Tony Moore is based on unrivalled research and sources. It describes rioting on the Broadwater Farm Estate, Tottenham in 1985 against a backdrop of unrest in major UK cities and a nadir in relations between police and black communities. Based on new materials, private communications and matchless sources. A closely observed account by someone working at senior level in the Met at the time. Deals with the biggest breakdown in community relations and law and order in modern English social and policing history.Looks at both sides of the story of unrest at this symbolic location, its history, background, influences, causes, legacy and who was most to blame.

What explains the law-abidingness of late Victorian England? A number of modern historians contend that the answer lies with the effectiveness of policing, and with the imposition of a 'policeman-state' in Victorian and Edwardian England. Victor Bailey reveals that historians have overestimated the extent to which policemen were able or willing to intervene in the daily behaviour of inhabitants to suppress law breaking.

Notting Hill is one of the most sought after locations in London. But its progress from 'ghetto' to gentrification spans half-a-century within which it was one of the most turbulent places in Britain - plagued by decline, disadvantage, unsolved killings, riots, illegal drugs, underground bars (or 'shebeens'), prostitution, 'no-go areas' and racial tension. It was also populated by characters such as self-styled community organizer Frank Crichlow, slum landlord Peter Rachman, Christine Keeler, the Angry Brigade, 'hustlers' such as 'Lucky' Gordon and Johnny Edgecombe, the activist Michael X (later executed in Trinidad) and the occasional radical lawyer. It was the location of the racist murder of Kelso Cochrane, the litigation-minded Mangrove Restaurant, the brief surge of Black Power in the UK and most notably the iconic Notting Hill Carnival with its heady mix of festivity, excitement, street crimes, potential for disorder and confrontations with the police. So what was it like operating in this 'Symbolic Location'? In this book, Tony Moore, one of those in charge of policing Notting Hill, shows how the area continually adapted to challenges that first began after the Empire Windrush arrived in England carrying immigrants who were initially met by signs saying 'No Coloured', but for whom Notting Hill became an area of choice. It is a wide-ranging account of the factors in play at a time of unprecedented social change, told from the perspective of an 'insider', based on prodigious research including in relation to hitherto unpublished materials and personal communications.

The story of the legendary Pinkerton detective who took down the Molly Maguires and the Wild Bunch
The operatives of the Pinkerton's National Detective Agency were renowned for their skills of subterfuge, infiltration, and investigation, none more so than James McParland. So thrilling were McParland's cases that Sir Arthur Conan Doyle included the cunning detective in a story along with Sherlock Holmes.
Riffenburgh digs deep into the recently released Pinkerton archives to present the first biography of McParland and the agency's cloak-and-dagger methods. Both action packed and meticulously researched, Pinkerton's Great Detective brings readers along on McParland's most challenging cases: from young McParland's infiltration of the murderous Molly Maguires gang in the case that launched his career to his hunt for the notorious Butch Cassidy and the Wild Bunch to his controversial investigation of the Western Federation of Mines in the assassination of Idaho's former governor.
Filled with outlaws and criminals, detectives and lawmen, "Pinkerton's Great Detective" shines a light upon the celebrated secretive agency and its premier sleuth.

Crime prevention that works - the goal of much government and corporate policy - can be difficult to discover amongst obscure and tedious academic texts. Yet, now more than ever, we need sophisticated government and corporate crime prevention policies that produce results.This book of research, policy and practice provides a clear and up-to-date guide to what works and what constitutes best practice across a range of crime prevention and security management applications and issues. It also fills a gap in the literature in regard to the integration of environmentally-based crime prevention science and applied security work.Aimed primarily at a practitioner audience, it is a concise and informative entre into the field and helps convey some of the main principles, methods and sources in crime prevention. Guidance on further secondary research is also provided.A must read for all crime prevention project managers, security managers, policy officers, students, and researchers.

It is 1941. While the "war of chaos" rages in the skies above London, an unending fight against violence, murder and the criminal underworld continues on the streets below.
One ordinary day, in an ordinary courtroom, forensic pathologist Dr. Keith Simpson asks a keen young journalist to be his secretary. Although the "horrors of secretarial work" don't appeal to Molly Lefebure, she's intrigued to know exactly what goes on behind a mortuary door.
Capable and curious, "Miss Molly" quickly becomes indispensible to Dr. Simpson as he meticulously pursues the truth. Accompanying him from somber morgues to London's most gruesome crime scenes, Molly observes and assists as he uncovers the dark secrets that all murder victims keep.
With a sharp sense of humor and a rebellious spirit, Molly tells her own remarkable true story here with warmth and wit, painting a vivid portrait of wartime London.

Since the mid-nineteenth century, Americans have known the Adirondack Mountains of upstate New York as a site of industrial production, a place to heal from disease, and a sprawling outdoor playground that must be preserved in its wild state. Less well known, however, has been the area's role in hosting a network of state and federal prisons. A Prison in the Woods traces the planning, construction, and operation of penitentiaries in five Adirondack Park communities from the 1840s through the early 2000s to demonstrate that the histories of mass incarceration and environmental consciousness are interconnected.Clarence Jefferson Hall Jr. reveals that the introduction of correctional facilities -- especially in the last three decades of the twentieth century -- unearthed long-standing conflicts over the proper uses of Adirondack nature, particularly since these sites have contributed to deforestation, pollution, and habitat decline, even as they've provided jobs and spurred economic growth. Additionally, prison plans have challenged individuals' commitment to environmental protection, tested the strength of environmental regulations, endangered environmental and public health, and exposed tensions around race, class, place, and belonging in the isolated prison towns of America's largest state park.

The Independent Commission On Policing For Northern Ireland, headed by Lord Patten, concluded in its 1999 report 'A new beginning for democratic accountability is key to a new beginning for policing and to involving the community as a whole in the delivery of policing. We recommend that an entirely new Policing Board be created ...' This book is about the delivery of that 'new beginning for policing' in Northern Ireland, achieved at a time when most commentators considered the Policing Board was itself likely to fragment along traditional community lines. The story of the Policing Board, from its establishment in 2001 through to the reconstitution of the membership in 2009 is in many ways an inspirational one, showing what can be done by politicians and community representatives working together to bring about a fundamentally different way of policing that better meets the needs of the whole community. It offers valuable lessons and contemporary insights for law enforcement officers, accountability 'bodies' and academics world-wide, in key areas, including the need for a police service's composition to reflect the community that it serves; promoting public confidence in policing and policing with the community; upholding human rights in the context of policing civil unrest and terrorism; holding a police service to account while providing the support it requires; and dealing with the legacy of inter-communal violence with over 3,500 deaths. Drawing largely on publicly available material, it is an account by two individuals uniquely well-placed to produce an authoritative record: Professor Sir Desmond Rea, the Policing Board's Chairman for its first seven and a half years, and Robin Masefield, the senior civil servant who headed the British Government's team implementing the recommendations of the Independent Commission.

Policing the Factory describes the operation of the Bank of England police, the Post Office police, and various other private policing agencies, employed to track down and prosecute workplace offenders. The authors focus in particular on the Worsted Committee and their Inspectors, who, between 1777 and 1968, prosecuted thousands of workers in the north of England for taking home workplace scraps, or wasting their employer's time. Most of the workers prosecuted spent a month in prison upon conviction, and many more were dismissed from employment without any formal legal action taking place. This book explores how, and under what legislative basis, the criminal law could be brought into private spaces in this period and goes on suggest that the activities of the Inspectorate inhibited the development of public policing in Yorkshire. The book presents case studies, newspaper comment, memoirs, and statistics based on detailed archival analysis of court records, to create a richly textured story which will inform and challenge contemporary debates on policing and police history.

This revealing first-person narrative, by one of the founders of the Witness Protection Program and a personal protector to more than five hundred informants, offers an eye-opening, dead-on authentic perspective on the safeguard institution. How did law enforcement's frustration with the criminal underworld and a serpentine series of hit-or-miss rules and mistakes give rise to one of the most significant and endlessly fascinating government-run programs of the 20th century?
In 1967, U.S. Marshal John Partington was given the task of overseeing the protection of the wife and young daughter of renowned mobster Joe "The Animal" Barboza, now an informant with a bounty on his head. It wasn't Partington's first time guarding underworld witnesses. But this time was different. It was at the behest of Senator Bobby Kennedy that Partington became the architect of a new high- threat program to get the bad guys to testify against the worse guys. Lifelong protection in exchange for the conviction of the upper echelon of organized crime would require a permanent identity change for every member of the witness's family, a battery of psychological tests for re-assimilation, and a total, devastating obliteration of all ties with the past. With no blueprint for success, it created a logistical nightmare for Partington. He would have to make up the rules as he went along, and he did so without the luxury of knowing whom he could really trust at any given time. And so, the Witness Protection Program was born.
The account John Partington tells of the next thirty years of his life is a never-before-seen portrait of members of the underworld and law enforcement--from Joe Valachi, the first mobster to violate the "omerta," the sacrosanct code of silence, to high-profile informant and NYPD narcotics detective Bob Leuci, immortalized in "Prince of the City." He reveals the details of the protection provided such significant figures as Watergate players to Howard Hunt and John and Maureen Dean. Ultimately, Partington delivers the unvarnished truth of the Program, from the heavily-shielded delivery of witnesses to trial, to countless death threats, to managing an ever- rotating crew of U.S. Marshals, to the step-by-step procedure of reinventing his sometimes dangerous, sometimes terrified charges and their families as uncomplicated suburbanites. These would be the guarded new neighbors just across the street bearing secret histories--uncomfortable actors in a play that would run for the rest of their lives.
Lifting a cloak of confidentiality and controversy, "The Mob and Me" immerses readers in the rarified, misunderstood world of Witness Protection--at once human, dangerous, intimate, surprising, and stone-cold violent.

In May 2010, NYPD officer Adrian Schoolcraft made national headlines when he released a series of secretly recorded audio tapes exposing corruption and abuse at the highest levels of the police department. But, according to a lawsuit filed by Schoolcraft against the City of New York, instead of admitting mistakes and pledging reform Schoolcraft's superiors forced him into a mental hospital in an effort to discredit the evidence. In "The NYPD Tapes ," the reporter who first broke the Schoolcraft story brings his ongoing saga up to date, revealing the rampant abuses that continue in the NYPD today, including warrantless surveillance, systemic harassment, and underreporting of serious crimes like rape and murder. Through this lens, he tells the broader tale of how American law enforcement has for the past 30 years been distorted by a ruthless quest for numbers, in the form of CompStat, the vaunted data-driven accountability system first championed by New York police chief William Bratton and since implemented in police departments across the country. Forced to produce certain crime stats each quarter or face discipline, cops everywhere fudged the numbers, robbing actual crime victims of justice and sweeping countless innocents into the police net. Rayman paints a terrifying picture of a system gone wild, and the pitiless fate of the whistleblower who tried to stop it.

Reimagining the National Security State provides the first comprehensive picture of the toll that US government policies took on civil liberties, human rights, and the rule of law in the name of the war on terror. Looking through the lenses of theory, history, law, and policy, the essays in this volume illuminate the ways in which liberal democracy suffered at the hands of policymakers in the name of national security. The contributors, who are leading experts and practitioners in fields ranging from political theory to evolutionary biology, discuss the vast expansion of executive powers, the excessive reliance secrecy, and the exploration of questionable legal territory in matters of detention, criminal justice, targeted killings, and warfare. This book gives the reader an eye-opening window onto the historical precedents and lasting impact the security state has had on civil liberties, human rights and, the rule of law in the name of the war on terror.

"Whatever it Took" is an account of the author's thirty year career in investigations and law enforcement, covering from l957 to 1987. The first part emphasizes the years LaMascus spent as Chief Deputy Sheriff of Knox County, Texas, where he did just about everything there was to do in the way of law enforcement in a rural North Texas County. The second part covers LaMascus's twenty year career with the US Border Patrol and concludes with his retirement in 1987.
LaMascus's cases range from drunk and disorderly conduct to capital murder and smuggling of aliens and narcotics.The incidents discussed include such diverse subjects as UFOs and little yellow flowers and range from the tragic to the hilarious as readers learn what it took to administer effective law enforcement in the days before the technology for in-depth DNA tests and such niceties as GPS and cell phones.

This is the shocking true story of a New York City cop caught in a web of paranoia, guns, a distorted sense of good and evil, and impending disaster...an actual case study with chilling psychological implications. His name was Pete Bon Viso, a poor city kid who made good by joining the Force. He knew and liked the street people. Having grown up in an impoverished neighborhood, he saw himself as a member of the 'underclass' and identified with their problems. There were few cops in the Ninth Precinct as instinctively in touch with the criminal mind as Pete Bon Viso. According to his former partners, "He was no spit and polish cop...[but] a gung-ho cop and an intense booster of the brotherhood." Then there were reports of a strange gun battle, and rumors of an attempt to murder a state official. Pete Bon Viso was in the middle of it all and nobody knew why or how. Pete claimed he was being stalked by a drug addict he had arrested and helped to convict, that man was trying to kill him and that his only hope was to "get him first." There was a department hearing and Pete was suspended. Records showed that the addict in question was serving time, safely behind bars. But Pete persisted in his claim. His partner guessed the truth but tried to protect him. At twenty-five, married, and the father of a five-month-old son, Patrolman Pete Bon Viso was suffering from paranoid hallucinations. James Willwerth explores in depth what happened to Pete-his background and family, his view of himself in relation to the police department, and the reasons why he came apart.

The acclaimed author of One Shot--One Kill takes readers to the front lines of the urban fire zone to experience first-hand one harrowing month in the lives of the men and women of the Miami Beach Fire Department--the busiest fire department in the United States.

The spotlight is suddenly on India Paramilitary and Central Armed Police Forces (CAPFs). There are huge, varied, nuanced national security challenges at India doorsteps. Some of these challenges have confronted India for as long as its independence, if not earlier. Some have evolved over decades to now peak into criticalities viz, the Naxalite menace and the China Pakistan two front threat, where for the first time, both of India neighbours have joined hands in Pakistan Occupied Kashmir. India PMF and CAPF, therefore, are now the pivot and lodestar of India counter to its gargantuan national security challenges.