The United States deported nearly two million illegal immigrants during the first five years of the Obama presidency--more than during any previous administration. President Obama stands accused by activists of being "deporter in chief." Yet despite efforts to rebuild what many see as a broken system, the president has not yet been able to convince Congress to pass new immigration legislation, and his record remains rooted in a political landscape that was created long before his election. Deportation numbers have actually been on the rise since 1996, when two federal statutes sought to delegate a portion of the responsibilities for immigration enforcement to local authorities. Policing Immigrants traces the transition of immigration enforcement from a traditionally federal power exercised primarily near the US borders to a patchwork system of local policing that extends throughout the country's interior. Since federal authorities set local law enforcement to the task of bringing suspected illegal immigrants to the federal government's attention, local responses have varied. While some localities have resisted the work, others have aggressively sought out unauthorized immigrants, often seeking to further their own objectives by putting their own stamp on immigration policing. Tellingly, how a community responds can best be predicted not by conditions like crime rates or the state of the local economy but rather by the level of conservatism among local voters. What has resulted, the authors argue, is a system that is neither just nor effective--one that threatens the core crime-fighting mission of policing by promoting racial profiling, creating fear in immigrant communities, and undermining the critical community-based function of local policing.

Imperial Russia's security police has long been popularly associated with administrative lawlessness, harsh repression, and throngs of spies. Shocking tales told by revolutionaries and tendentious Soviet accounts have perpetuated such views. Yet Russia's security service on the eve of the Revolution of 1905 was relatively small-scale, law-abiding, and humane, especially given the extent of social and political opposition the regime faced.

Autocracy under Siege examines the role of the security service in the titanic struggle between the regime and those dedicated to the defeat of monarchical absolutism. From the first terrorist attempt on the life of a Russian emperor in 1866 through the seismic upheaval of 1905, Daly traces the reaction, expansion, and evolution of the security police in the face of the increased antigovernment activity that threatened the continued survival of the regime.

Drawing upon a wealth of sources, including many recently declassified archival documents, Autocracy under Siege provides a detailed analysis of the personnel, institutions, and effectiveness of the Imperial Russian security police. Daly further explores the interplay of regime and opposition at the point where they confronted each other most directly in the years before the 1905 upheaval.

Through comparisons with western European police institutions, Daly ultimately reveals that, despite their infamous reputation, the Imperial Russian security police actually resembled European models, a belief previously rejected by other historians. The most probing analysis to date of how and why Russia's security police developed, this study will prove essential to historians of Russia and Europe and toreaders interested in the fields of politics, law, and revolution.

Over the last forty years, policing has gone through a period of significant change and innovation. The emergence of new strategies has also raised issues about effectiveness and efficiency in policing, and many of these proactive strategies have become controversial as citizens have asked whether they are also fair and unbiased. Updated and expanded for the second edition, this volume brings together leading police scholars to examine these key innovations in policing. Including advocates and critics of each innovation, this comprehensive book assesses the impacts of police innovation on crime and public safety, the extent of implementation of these new approaches in police agencies, the dilemmas these approaches have created for police management, and their impacts on communities.

A free ebook version of this title is available through Luminos, University of California Press's Open Access publishing program. Visit www.luminosoa.org to learn more. In the United States, the exercise of police authority-and the public's trust that police authority is used properly-is a recurring concern. Contemporary prescriptions for police reform hold that the public would better trust the police and feel a greater obligation to comply and cooperate if police-citizen interactions were marked by higher levels of procedural justice by police. In this book, Robert E. Worden and Sarah J. McLean argue that the procedural justice model of reform is a mirage. From a distance, procedural justice seemingly offers a relief from strained police-community relations. But a closer look at police organizations and police-citizen interactions shows that the relief offered by such reform is, in fact, illusory.

In 1983, Interpol named Northern Ireland the most dangerous place in the world to be a police officer. In 1968, the RUC was catapulted into the Troubles. Bombs, death threats and murder became a regular part of the day job. Working right at the heart of the conflict, police officers were often caught in the middle - heroes to some, villains to others. Now, for the first time, the men and women who policed the Troubles tell their own stories in their own words. Covering all aspects of police work, from handling informants and conducting interviews with notorious criminals to dealing with the aftermath of tragic bombings, these candid, moving and sometimes blackly comic stories show the unpredictable, brutal and surreal world in which the RUC operated. As a former police officer, Colin Breen has unparalleled access to former RUC, Special Branch and CID officers who have never spoken out before. Their stories reveal the mayhem and madness that officers dealt with every day; the psychological and personal toll of the job; and the camaraderie - and the whiskey - that helped them to cope. Raw, unsettling and frank, A Force Like No Other tells the real story of the RUC.

Over the last forty years, policing has gone through a period of significant change and innovation. The emergence of new strategies has also raised issues about effectiveness and efficiency in policing, and many of these proactive strategies have become controversial as citizens have asked whether they are also fair and unbiased. Updated and expanded for the second edition, this volume brings together leading police scholars to examine these key innovations in policing. Including advocates and critics of each innovation, this comprehensive book assesses the impacts of police innovation on crime and public safety, the extent of implementation of these new approaches in police agencies, the dilemmas these approaches have created for police management, and their impacts on communities.

Policing is at a crossroads. At a time of unprecedented cuts and increasing levels of demand, the British police service (like many others) faces enormous challenges. Under the most radical reforms the service has ever experienced, its leadership is looking for new approaches that can maintain levels of service delivery and secure efficiency, accountability and public confidence. Recent history shows that applying private sector business models to the public sector often generates hidden costs and unintended consequences that damage productivity and morale. In spite of this evidence, reform programmes and prevailing management practices still seek to enforce approaches that have demonstrably failed. In Intelligent Policing, Simon Guilfoyle proposes a simple and elegant solution that refocuses organisational activity on the service user. Drawing on his own experience as a police officer, he uses a range of evidence to explore the possibilities that systems thinking offers. He clearly outlines how a systems-based approach can bring greater efficiency, improved service delivery, enhanced morale and reduced cost. He shows that the practices and models proposed in the book can be implemented immediately and insists that senior police leaders and policy makers have an ideal opportunity to make lasting improvements today that will resonate throughout policing and leave a positive legacy for the future.. Intelligent Policing is a rich resource for those - in the UK and around the world - who care about delivering an effective policing service in the 21st Century. It will also interest systems theorists for its practical approach to policing and inform academic debate in the fields of management and human behaviour.

Black Lives and Spatial Matters is a call to reconsider the epistemic violence that is committed when scholars, policymakers, and the general public continue to frame Black precarity as just another racial, cultural, or ethnic conflict that can be solved solely through legal, political, or economic means. Jodi Rios argues that the historical and material production of blackness-as-risk is foundational to the historical and material construction of our society and certainly foundational to the construction and experience of metropolitan space. She also considers how an ethics of lived blackness-living fully and visibly in the face of forces intended to dehumanize and erase-can create a powerful counter point to blackness-as-risk. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, Black Lives and Spatial Matters studies cultural, institutional, and spatial politics of race in North St. Louis County, Missouri, as a set of practices that are intimately connected to each other and to global histories of race and race-making. As such, the book adds important insight into the racialization of metropolitan space and people in the United States. The arguments presented in this book draw from fifteen years of engaged research in North St. Louis County and rely on multiple disciplinary perspectives and local knowledge in order to study relationships between interconnected practices and phenomena.

2021 Outstanding Academic Title, Choice Magazine The first expert and comprehensive analysis of the surprising impact of body-worn cameras Following the tragic deaths of Eric Garner, Michael Brown, and others at the hands of police, interest in body-worn cameras for local, state, and federal law enforcement has skyrocketed. In Cops, Cameras, and Crisis, Michael D. White and Aili Malm provide an up-to-date analysis of this promising technology, evaluating whether it can address today's crisis in police legitimacy. Drawing on the latest research and insights from experts with field experience with police-worn body cameras, White and Malm show the benefits and drawbacks of this technology for police departments, police officers, and members of the public. Ultimately, they identify-and assess-each claim, weighing in on whether the specter of being "caught on tape" is capable of changing a criminal justice system desperately in need of reform. Cops, Cameras, and Crisis is a must-read for policymakers, police leaders, and activists interested in twenty-first-century policing.

A critical look at the realities of community policing in South Los Angeles The Limits of Community Policing addresses conflicts between police and communities. Luis Daniel Gascon and Aaron Roussell depart from traditional conceptions, arguing that community policing-popularized for decades as a racial panacea-is not the solution it seems to be. Tracing this policy back to its origins, they focus on the Los Angeles Police Department, which first introduced community policing after the high-profile Rodney King riots. Drawing on over sixty interviews with officers, residents, and stakeholders in South LA's "Lakeside" precinct, they show how police tactics amplified-rather than resolved-racial tensions, complicating partnership efforts, crime response and prevention, and accountability. Gascon and Roussell shine a new light on the residents of this neighborhood to address the enduring-and frequently explosive-conflicts between police and communities. At a time when these issues have taken center stage, this volume offers a critical understanding of how community policing really works.

Discover the geographic approach to fighting crime while engaging citizens. Protecting the People: GIS for Law Enforcement explores a collection of real-life stories about law enforcement agencies successfully using GIS for crime analysis, open policing, and field mobility. Through these stories, this book illustrates how police departments and law enforcement organizations use GIS to enable data-driven crime-analysis strategies and drive decision making in everyday operations. The case studies in this book cover: Understanding data and crime analysis Streamlining improvements to police operations Developing methods for engaging citizens The book also includes a section on next steps that provides ideas, strategies, tools, and actions to help jump-start your own use of GIS for law enforcement. A collection of online resources, including additional stories, videos, new ideas and concepts, and downloadable tools and content, complements this book. Learn how location intelligence and the geographic approach can improve crime analysis, streamline operations, and promote community policing initiatives.

A unique insight into the hidden world of informers and related aspects of covert and undercover policing. Edited by Roger Billingsley, head of the Covert Policing Standards Unit at New Scotland Yard, this book is the first to look behind the scenes of this kind of police work since the authorities relaxed the rules on restricted information. Contents: Covert Human Intelligence Sources (CHIS) covers such key matters as: What is meant by CHIS; The legal framework; The Regulation of Investigatory Powers Act 2000 (RIPA); Inherent powers and the position at Common Law; 'Informers' and 'informants'; Working methods and oversight; Handlers, controllers and authorising officers; Dangers and risks; Human rights, proportionality and 'necessity'; Corruption and 'noble cause corruption'; Protection and the duty of care; Motives of informers; Official participation in crime: how far is it lawful?; Undercover officers: strains, duties and requirements; Records and management of information; Juvenile informers; Texts, public interest immunity and anonymity; Debriefing and human memory; The context of informer relationships; Ownership of intelligence and communications; A European perspective; General background, views and opinions. Reviews 'A comprehensive and easy to follow / research text that covers a wide range of matters relating to informants and aspects of undercover police work. There are few texts dedicated soley to this area and as such this book will be of great value to professionals, academics, students and others who are are concerned with this important area of criminal investigation': Peter Hall, Coventry University 'A welcome addition that has drawn together a series of chapters from leading police officers, lawyers and academics, on an area of police work which can sometimes be ambiguous, occasionally uncharted, and where legislation presents the uninitiated with periods of bafflement and confusion. [The editor] does go someway to removing the mystery about this area of policing': Brief (the voice of Greater Manchester Police) Editor and Contributors Roger Billingsley served for 32 years in the English police service, mainly within the field of criminal investigation. He was actively involved in the world of informers - as a handler, controller and authorising officer - and later headed London's Metropolitan Police Service Covert Policing Standards Unit, dealing with every aspect of covert policing, including informers. Contributors: Jonathan Lennon, Clive Harfield, Ben Fitzpatrick, John Potts, Kingsley Hyland OBE, John Buckley, Alisdair Gillespie and Michael Fishwick. With a preface by John Grieve QPM and a Foreword by Jon Murphy QPM

Attendance at a police station requires representatives to respond to unexpected and rapidly changing events at very short notice. It is a frequent occurrence that a representative will be sent to a station to attend for a single matter but, by the time of their arrival, the client may have been arrested with new offences. This is a stressful situation requiring police station representatives to have law, practice, and procedure at their fingertips so that they can respond immediately and in a manner that represents the best interests of their client. Blackstone's Police Station Handbook provides indispensable and complete coverage of all aspects of a client's matter during the pre-charge and investigatory period. In particular, it focuses on the numerous substantive and procedural matters that may arise at short notice with an emphasis on the client, the representative and the defence. It provides detailed guidance on matters such as PACE interviews not dealt with by a police officer, dealing with vulnerable clients and funding, as well as providing extensive guidance on offences and procedural issues that are likely to arise at the police station. Unusually amongst titles on police station work, this book is written by and for legal practitioners and will be particularly valued by those who are newly qualified or who are probationary representatives. Blackstone's Police Station Handbook uses a similar format to Blackstone's Magistrates' Court Handbook with an easy-to-use layout, facilitating quick reading and instant decision-making. Diagrams, flowcharts, and a clear system of icons aid comprehension and speedy navigation. It also includes cross-references to Blackstone's Criminal Practice.

Blackstone's Emergency Planning, Crisis, and Disaster Management is a practical guide for those involved in all aspects of emergency preparedness, resilience, and response. Primarily focused on the requirements of the Civil Contingencies Act 2004, it has been developed from the highly regarded Emergency Planning Officers' Handbook.
The complete toolkit for anyone involved in emergency planning, business continuity, and resilience management, this must-have guide offers a comprehensive, chronological guide to each stage of emergency planning, from creating a plan or exercise through to setting up a control room and debriefing for future improvement and development. There is also full coverage of how the emergency response is managed by each of the main agencies involved, helping you to gain a greater understanding of what to expect from each agency and the individuals participating, so they can be better integrated into an exercise or plan. Overviews at the start of each chapter, key point and top tip boxes, as well as tasks and flowcharts provide you with the complete reference, whether you are beginning your emergency planning or simply need to refresh your memory as you initiate an exercise.

How do individuals, communities, and institutions react to crime, disorder, and social control events? How do such incidents shape the contours of social order and the make-up of society? Why do some crimes and disorders matter more than others in influencing how we think, feel, and act about our security? These are the questions that lie at the heart of Signal Crimes: Social Reactions to Crime, Disorder, and Control. Signal Crimes: Social Reactions to Crime, Disorder, and Signal Crimes brings together the key insights and findings from a ten-year programme of fieldwork investigating the concept of a 'signal crime': an incident that changes how people think, feel and behave about their safety due to it functioning as a signal of the presence of wider risks and threats. Presenting ground-breaking new perspectives on social reactions to crime, Signal Crimes innovatively and rigorously examines how and why particular events trigger certain forms of reaction, and how these unfold and develop across social space and time. This includes detailed studies of: how fear travels within and across communities in the aftermath of criminal homicides; the ways rumours impact upon what we think about the prevalence and distribution of crime; the extent to which some individuals and neighbourhoods are vulnerable to being harmed more by disorder than others; how the conduct of counter-terrorism has been altered in recent years by the institutional effects of a number of signal events; and the ways in which social control interventions are used to communicate messages to public audiences. Through examination of these diverse issues and using a range of both historical and contemporary sources, the author reveals how our individual and collective responses to problematic behaviour are organised. If a perspective constitutes a way of seeing, then the signal crimes perspective provides a new set of optics for how we see the impacts of crime, disorder, and control. Showcasing the development of this new concept, Signal Crimes argues for a radical and challenging understanding of how we think not only about the crime, but also about the ways in which we perceive and react to such problematic and troubling acts.

The 1921 Tulsa Race Riot was the country's bloodiest civil disturbance of the century. Leaving perhaps 150 dead, 30 city blocks burned to the ground, and more than a thousand families homeless, the riot represented an unprecedented breakdown of the rule of law. It reduced the prosperous black community of Greenwood, Oklahoma, to rubble. In Reconstructing the Dreamland, Alfred Brophy draws on his own extensive research into contemporary accounts and court documents to chronicle this devastating riot, showing how and why the rule of law quickly eroded. Brophy offers a gut-wrenching portrait of mob violence and racism run amok, both on the night of the riot and the morning after, when a coordinated sunrise attack, accompanied by airplanes, stormed through Greenwood, torching and looting the community. Equally important, he shows how the city government and police not only permitted the looting, shootings, and burning of Greenwood, but actively participated in it. The police department, fearing that Greenwood was erupting into a "negro uprising" (which Brophy shows was not the case), deputized white citizens haphazardly, gave out guns and badges with little background check, or sent men to hardware stores to arm themselves. Likewise, the Tulsa-based units of the National Guard acted unconstitutionally, arresting every black resident they could find, leaving Greenwood property vulnerable to the white mob, special deputies, and police that followed behind and burned it. Brophy's revelations and stark narrative of the events of 1921 bring to life an incidence of racial violence that until recently lay mostly forgotten. Reconstructing the Dreamland concludes with a discussion of reparations for victims of the riot. That case has implications for other reparations movements, including reparations for slavery.

This book analyzes Hollywood storytelling that features an American crimefighter-whether cop, detective, or agent-who must safeguard society and the nation by any means necessary. That often means going "rogue" and breaking the rules, even deploying ugly violence, but excused as self-defense or to serve the greater good. This ends-justifies-means approach dates back to gunfighters taming the western frontier to urban cowboy cops battling urban savagery-first personified by "Dirty" Harry Callahan-and later dispatched in global interventions to vanquish threats to national security. America as the world's "policeman often means controlling the Other at home and abroad, which also extends American hegemony from the Cold War through the War on Terror. This book also examines pioneering portrayals by males of color and female crimefighters to embody such a social or national defender, which are frustrated by their existence as threats the white knight exists to defeat.

This book addresses conceptual and practical issues pertinent to the creation and realization of social media strategies within law enforcement agencies. The book provides readers with practical methods, frameworks, and structures for understanding social media discourses within the operational remit of police forces and first responders in communities and areas of concern. This title - bridging the gap in social media and policing literature - explores and explains the role social media can play as a communication, investigation, and direct engagement tool. It is authored by a rich mix of global contributors from across the landscape of academia, policing and experts in government policy and private industry. Presents an applied look into social media strategies within law enforcement; Explores the latest developments in social media as it relates to community policing and cultural intelligence; Includes contributions and case studies from global leaders in academia, industry, and government.

How can police officers engaged in public order policing ensure they act lawfully, secure safe criminal convictions, avoid civil claims and, perhaps most importantly, maintain the peace? Tackling one of the most difficult areas of modern day policing, Public Order: Law and Practice presents practical, straightforward advice that is grounded in the letter of the law, helping police officers to make decisions under pressure and take control of potentially volatile situations. Topics covered range from day-to-day problems such as drunken brawls and football offences to more serious issues such as violent protest and terrorism, providing you with the full spectrum of possible encounters and highlighting transferable skills. The book contains many useful practical features including definition boxes for commonly-used terms, and case studies and scenarios. Key points and best practices are summarised throughout the chapters, helping you to absorb the information and providing for a practical quick reference. Throughout, the authors offer you tips for dealing with both the common and less common in public order policing, while taking account of the latest case law and legislation. This book is part of the Blackstone's Practical Policing Series. The series consists of practical guides containing clear and detailed explanations of the relevant legislation, accompanied by practical scenarios, illustrative diagrams and useful checklists.

The Small Arms Survey 2015 examines the role of weapons and armed violence in humanity's appropriation of the earth's wildlife and mineral riches - in Africa, where the poaching of elephants and rhinos is becoming increasingly militarised, and near resource extraction sites around the world. In addition to presenting updates on the UN small arms process and the top arms importers and exporters, the volume assesses how recent technological developments affect weapons marking, record-keeping, and tracing; reviews small arms flows to Egypt, Libya, and Syria; and evaluates a stockpile management initiative in south-east Europe. The 'armed actors' section sheds light on the arms and ammunition used by insurgents in northern Mali, the decline of the Forces Democratiques de Liberation du Rwanda, and the use of floating armouries by private security companies in the Indian Ocean. This edition also analyses conditions that are driving young people to adopt high-risk coping strategies in Burundi.

Drugs in Society: Causes, Concepts, and Control, Eighth Edition, focuses on the many critical areas of America's drug problem, providing a foundation for rational decision-making within this complex and multidisciplinary field. Lyman offers a comprehensive big-picture examination of the US drug problem, dealing with drugs, abusers, drug enforcement, and public policy. Organized in three sections: Understanding the Problem, Gangs and Drugs, and Fighting Back, topics covered include the business of drugs and the role of organized crime in the drug trade, drug legalization and decriminalization, legal and law enforcement strategies, an analysis of the socialization process of drug use and abuse, and a historical discussion of drug abuse that puts the contemporary drug problem into perspective. Suitable for upper-level undergraduates in Criminal Justice, Criminology, and related programs, Drugs in Society, Eighth Edition, uses logical organization and strong pedagogy (case studies, focused text boxes with related information, critical thinking tasks) to support learning objectives.

This title provides a clear introduction and practical guide to the use of intelligence in policing, offering detailed explanations of relevant legislation and establishing the theoretical and operational context and rationale within which intelligence can be used. The relationship between criminal procedural law and intelligence-gathering is outlined and different generic sources of intelligence (overt and covert) are introduced. The book offers advice on planning an intelligence operation, analysing and evaluating information, using intelligence-based evidence in court, identifying risk and protecting sensitive sources. It also summarises the role of key agencies involved in intelligence gathering, outlines the National Intelligence Model and draws together key findings from the Butler and Bichard enquiries. The book forms part of the Blackstone's Practical Policing Series. The series, aimed at junior to middle ranking officers, consists of practical guides containing clear and detailed explanations of the relevant legislation and practice, accompanied by case studies, illustrative diagrams and useful checklists. A truly practical guide to all aspects of policing intelligence, from planning and gathering to analysis

This book provides the first ethnographic account of a UK major crime review team, providing a comprehensive, conceptual account of cold case reviews not currently available from an academic criminological perspective. . Cold case reviews are a relatively new and innovative form of policing yet, to date, there has been little empirical research into their conduct in the UK. Addressing this empirical void by shining a light on the practicalities and realities of cold case investigations, the author spent eight months with a major crime review team tasked with conducting 28-day reviews of 'live' unsolved murder and stranger rapes and detecting long term unsolved major crimes. The resulting work contains a unique focus on forensic science and the role of the National DNA Database (NDNAD) in cold case reviews, adding to the current debates about the police use of forensic science, as well as consideration of the growing public concern about historic sexual offences and the criminal justice responses to them, with an exploration of the debates around the implications of investigating these crimes many years later. Presenting the key findings in relation to the opportunities and challenges to successful cold case reviews, the role of forensic science and other forms of expertise in cold case reviews, and the political and moral considerations being made in this regard, the resulting work will be of interest to practitioners tasked with investigating long term unsolved crimes and students and researchers interested in policing and investigations.

This book focuses on the very topical subject of police reform in the UK. Currently, the police service is undergoing a time of significant change and reform as a result of the 'modernization' agenda. Planned force re-structuring, the performance culture, recruitment and training issues are just a few elements of this extensive reform process. There is therefore a need for a text which looks at this current agenda for reform against its historical backdrop and debates the long term future of this process. The book spans three decades and is structured thematically around the main driving forces for reform, looking at the policy process and its related contexts. Key topics covered include system failure (when things go wrong), public order policing, international influences, economic issues and value for money, internal influences and political issues. The book addresses a complex and ever-shifting subject in an accessible manner.

Text only. This product does NOT include a Resource Central Access Code Card. To purchase the text with a Resource Central Access Code Card, please use ISBN: 0-13-295620-9 Forensic Fire Scene Reconstruction, Third Edition, describes and illustrates a new systematic approach for reconstructing fire scenes, applying the principles of fire protection engineering along with those of forensic science and behavioral science. Modern fire investigation topics are covered, including comprehensive documentation, hypothesis testing, and defensible reconstruction of the events leading up to the fire and its final results. Delving deep into forensic fire engineering, Forensic Fire Scene Reconstruction covers engineering calculations, fire modeling and also features several exhaustive case studies which leverage the current technology that is explained in depth throughout the text. Several specialized topic areas are also covered, including use of the drone aircraft, forensic and panoramic photography, computer modeling as well as an advanced discussion of tenability. Using historical fire cases and realistic case examples, the authors examine the newest lessons learned and insight into the ignition, growth, development, and outcome of those fires. All documentation in the case examples follows or exceeds the methodology set forth by the NFPA in NFPA 921-Guide for Fire and Explosion Investigations and its companion standard NFPA 1033-Standard for Professional Qualifications for Fire Investigator, 2009 Edition, and Kirk's Fire Investigation ,Seventh Edition.