Conferencing and Restorative Justice: International Practices and Perspectives offers an analysis of conferencing practices around the world, examining the range of approaches to different types of crimes and offender age groups, and assessing their outcomes. First developed in New Zealand and Australia in the 1990s, conferencing is a restorative justice practice which has since spread to a number of other countries as an effective tool in crime reduction. By encouraging the offender, the victim(s) and family members, and a facilitator to meet and discuss the crime and its consequences, and then to find a just and acceptable outcome for all, those involved hope to repair the harm inflicted upon the victim, the community and society in general. In this book, the editors have drawn together some of the leading figures in the restorative justice community to look at the current condition of such practices, particularly internationally, and to analyse the processes and outcomes of conferencing, compared with the European-favoured, victim-offender mediation. With fourteen chapters featuring a mix of contributors, including both practitioners and academics, the book begins with a general and thematic overview of what conferencing is and how it is developing theoretically and in practice. This discussion then moves on to some of the original models of conferencing, such as in New Zealand and Australia, and examines some of the challenges (sexual assault cases) and the newer developments found in conferencing in Latin-America. The final section of the book consists of European perspectives on conferencing, exploring how some countries have developed conferencing more extensively (such as into the juvenile justice system), others are still in a starting-phase, whilst some have move conferencing outside of the justice system entirely. Impeccably researched and thoughtfully presented, Conferencing and Restorative Justice will be of interest to anyone involved in restorative justice practices, criminal justice and public policy.

Patrick Colquhoun (1745-1820) was one of the founders, in 1798, of the Thames River Police. Initially a merchant based in Glasgow, he later moved to London and was appointed as a magistrate in the East End. In 1796, he published (anonymously) a report on the types of crime in the capital, and the need for regulation of the behaviour of the inhabitants to suppress it. The work examines the different categories of crime in London, such as illegal trading in the docks, fraud, burglary, and robbery. Later chapters discuss the issue of punishment as well as the changes Colquhoun believed were required in the existing police force. In this 1797 fourth edition - one of six later editions that were published by 1799 - Colquhoun added a lengthy exposition on gambling. Although many of his measures were considered unworkable, Colquhoun's ideas played an important part in the development of modern policing.

Percy Fitzgerald (1834-1925) was a prolific author, critic, painter and sculptor. He was born in Ireland and attended Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, and then Trinity College Dublin. When he moved to London, he became a contributor to Charles Dickens' periodical Household Words. This two-volume work, published in 1888, gives a stirring account of the work of London's eighteenth-century law enforcers, the Bow Street Runners. Drawing on records of criminal cases, it tells how magistrates Henry Fielding and his blind half-brother Sir John Fielding helped to set up the Runners. Their actions dramatically reduced violent crime in the city and paved the way for the modern police force. Volume 1 covers the formation of the Runners and introduces the key players in the successes that followed. It also describes a number of fascinating incidents that are variously tragic, amusing or shocking.

Percy Fitzgerald (1834-1925) was a prolific author, critic, painter and sculptor. He was born in Ireland and attended Stonyhurst College in Lancashire, and then Trinity College Dublin. When he moved to London, he became a contributor to Charles Dickens' periodical Household Words. This two-volume work, published in 1888, gives a stirring account of the work of London's eighteenth-century law enforcers, the Bow Street Runners. Drawing on records of criminal cases, it tells how magistrates Henry Fielding and his blind half-brother Sir John Fielding helped to set up the Runners. Their actions dramatically reduced violent crime in the city and paved the way for the modern police force. Volume 2 features a wide selection of fascinating cases including the Cato Street Conspiracy and the callous murder of William Weare.

This resource book explores international law sources relevant to the use of force and the general responsibility of law enforcement authorities for the use of force. It discusses a number of instruments of force, including firearms, and the conditions under which these should be used. It further examines the possible use of force in a number of specific policing situations. Finally, it also outlines good practices for accountability in the use of force and firearms by law enforcement officials

In Thrall to Political Change is the first history of the French police and gendarmerie, for the period since the establishment of a democratic Republican regime in 1870 down to the present day. Based on archival material and on the vast amount of recent research by French scholars on the subject, it covers dramatic and often harrowing developments--anarchist and communist subversion, violent demonstrations and strikes, fascist threats, war and occupation, colonial conflicts and regime change--which have made policing in France troubled and controversial. As well as a chronological history, the book contains a thematic treatment of the police and the Republican regime (including the complex police-justice and police-military relations, the politics of police officials analyzing the charge of racism, politico-police scandals, and inequalities of policing), of major controversies (over political policing, municipal or central control of the police, and modernization), and of areas which pose problems for which there is no clear solution (use of force and police violence, police accountability, private security, and internationalization). In conclusion, the relations between the police and the public, and the place of the police in the political order are assessed.
In Thrall to Political Change is inter-disciplinary in approach using the academic literature in sociology, history, political science, criminal justice as well as the writings of police practitioners. The subject is placed in the context of international debates on policing, and the language used is free of jargon and the use, without explanation, of French terms. The bibliography and sources are a basic guide for further study of the subject.

An up-close account of policing during the Ferguson protests, providing insights from both police officers and members of the community Policing Unrest presents the frontline experiences of police officers during the intense three weeks of protest, vigils, looting, violence, and large civil demonstrations in and around Ferguson, Missouri, following the fatal shooting of Michael Brown by a police officer. Looking closely at the lived experiences of police officers and community residents, Tammy Rinehart Kochel raises important questions about police-community relations and the role of police as peacekeepers in support of social justice. Drawing on interviews with dozens of police personnel who policed the protests, Kochel offers insight into their shared experiences and provides compelling personal accounts of how they performed their jobs during the protest. The book covers a range of topics such as police-community relationships and community policing principles; how factors such as police subculture and organizational culture stacked up against social identity during this crisis; the role of an officer's characteristics, especially an officer's race, play in an officer's self-legitimacy; and the implications for police recruitment and training. Kochel's unique access allowed her to provide a balanced perspective on police officers' cynicism and public protests against police that were rampant in the year following Ferguson against the need to restore police-community relations and police legitimacy through increased transparency, accountability, and procedural justice. Policing Unrest explains how the Ferguson protests ushered in an era of police reform and reveals what it is like being a police officer facing public unrest, particularly in the wake of widely publicized incidents of police brutality around the country.

Black Lives and Spatial Matters is a call to reconsider the epistemic violence that is committed when scholars, policymakers, and the general public continue to frame Black precarity as just another racial, cultural, or ethnic conflict that can be solved solely through legal, political, or economic means. Jodi Rios argues that the historical and material production of blackness-as-risk is foundational to the historical and material construction of our society and certainly foundational to the construction and experience of metropolitan space. She also considers how an ethics of lived blackness-living fully and visibly in the face of forces intended to dehumanize and erase-can create a powerful counter point to blackness-as-risk. Using a transdisciplinary methodology, Black Lives and Spatial Matters studies cultural, institutional, and spatial politics of race in North St. Louis County, Missouri, as a set of practices that are intimately connected to each other and to global histories of race and race-making. As such, the book adds important insight into the racialization of metropolitan space and people in the United States. The arguments presented in this book draw from fifteen years of engaged research in North St. Louis County and rely on multiple disciplinary perspectives and local knowledge in order to study relationships between interconnected practices and phenomena.

Policing is a controversial subject, generating considerable debate. One issue of concern has been "racial profiling" by police, that is, the alleged practice of targeting individuals and groups on the basis of "race." Racialized Policing argues that the debate has been limited by its individualized frame. As well, the concen- tration on police relations with people of colour means that Aboriginal people's encounters with police receive far less scrutiny. Going beyond the interpersonal level and broadening our gaze to explore how race and racism play out in institutional practices and systemic processes, this book exposes the ways in which policing is racialized. Situating the police in their role as "reproducers of order," Elizabeth Comack draws on the historical record and contemporary cases of Aboriginal-police relations -- the shooting of J.J. Harper by a Winnipeg police officer in 1988, the "Starlight Tours" in Saskatoon, and the shooting of Matthew Dumas by a Winnipeg police officer in 2005 -- as well as interviews conducted with Aboriginal people in Winnipeg's inner-city communities to explore how race and racism inform the routine practices of police officers and define the cultural frames of reference that officers adopt in their encounters with Aboriginal people. In short, having defined Aboriginal people as "troublesome," police respond with troublesome practices of their own. Arguing that resolution requires a fundamental transformation in the structure and organization of policing, Racialized Policing makes suggestions for re-framing the role of police and the "order" they reproduce.

This book focuses on the way in which people were treated by the police and military guards in nineteenth-century Prussia, in the general context of Prussian bureaucratic development. It shows how the daily routine of officialdom supported and promoted an image of the police state, which placed the emphasis on violent methods in dealing with the 'subjects' of those in authority. The main argument of the book discusses the methods and standards of everyday policing and the consequential creation of a classe dangereuse. The author also shows how military routines were adopted by civilian officials and policemen. Thus by the middle of the century a military type of policing had become widespread and generally unquestioned by high-ranking officials or ministers. The book therefore offers an understanding of the repressive side of the Prussian and German state since the middle of the nineteenth century.

Looking back over the last six, almost seven decades, the images that flash through my mind are hardly believable - sometimes, it feels like I'm remembering someone else's life. The truth is, I've lived three very different lives: the one before prison; the one in prison; and my life since then. It has taken years to make sense of it all, but now I've found a voice to speak about it. Paddy Armstrong was one of four people falsely convicted of The Guildford Bombing in 1975. He spent fifteen years in prison for a crime he did not commit. Today, as a husband and father, life is wonderfully ordinary, but the memory of his ordeal lives on. Here, for the first time and with unflinching candour, he lays bare the experiences of those years and their aftermath. Life after Life is a testament to the resilience of the human spirit and the power of forgiveness. It reminds us of the privilege of freedom, and how the balm of love, family and everyday life can restore us and mend the scars of even the most savage injustice. 'This book captures the sweet soul of Paddy. Beautifully written. For lovers of freedom everywhere.' Jim Sheridan 'Paddy Armstrong's account of his wrongful conviction and imprisonment is as gripping as a work of fiction. It is an extraordinary, terrifying story. I am familiar with just about all the considerable body of memoirs arising from the miscarriages of justice of the 1970s, but I can say without equivocation that this is the best. Beautifully written. If it were a work of fiction, it would be worthy of the Man Booker shortlist.' Chris Mullin, The Observer 'Couldn't put it down, stunningly written, honest, shocking, harrowing. A horrendous story, populated with some real heroes'. Noel Whelan, Barrister and Irish Times columnist

Relentless fiscal pressures faced by the public police over the last few decades have meant that police organisations have had to find new ways to obtain and harness the resources needed to achieve their goals. Through entering into relationships of coercion, commercial exchange, and gift with a wide variety of external institutions and individuals operating in both public and private capacities, police organisations have risen to this challenge. Indeed, police organisations are increasingly operating within a business paradigm. But what are the benefits of these relationships and the nature of the risks that might accompany reliance upon them? This book examines these new modes of exchange between police and 'outsiders' and explores how far these relationships can be taken before certain fundamental values - equity in the distribution of policing, cost-effectiveness in the delivery of police services, and the legitimacy of the police institution itself - are placed in jeopardy.

Effective Prosecution is a timely response to recent major changes within the Criminal Justice System which require the police and the Crown Prosecution Service (CPS) to work together, taking a 'joint prosecution team approach'. The Manual of Guidance which was prepared jointly by the police and CPS is an essential aspect of this joint approach and provides guidance for police on how to submit prosecution files successfully for court. In this book the authors, who represent both the CPS and the police, explain the implications of this change and unpack the information contained in the Manual of Guidance in an accessible and practical way, helping police officers understand each stage of file preparation. The book sets out the specific requirements of the CPS to the police, explaining the practical steps and procedures to follow in order to secure a conviction more easily, using checklists, scenarios and examples for readers to see how the process works in practice. It includes detailed coverage of the submission of case papers, including examples of all 20 Manual of Guidance (MG) forms. Advice on how to complete each form is provided in a helpful step-by-step way to ensure readers are confident to prepare their own case papers.
The authors also discuss the relevant law, procedure and best practice involved in this area, incorporating the recent legislative changes to police and CPS duties. Updates to legislation such as the Criminal Justice Act 2003 and the PACE Codes of Practice are covered, encompassing changes to interviewing guidelines and the protocol concerning video evidence in court. There is also detailed coverage of the requirements and methods of handling victims andwitnesses when obtaining evidence, the correct handling of unused material, and advice on how officers can give more effective testimony in court. This coverage is supplemented with case studies to provide a practical context for these procedures.
A must-have resource for all police officers involved in file preparation: this book is the first publication of its kind to draw together all the CPS case preparation requirements for the police in one practical guide.
The Blackstone's Practical Policing Series covers a range of topical subjects of vital importance in today's policing arena. Each practical guide contains clear and detailed explanations of the relevant legislation, accompanied by practical scenarios, illustrative diagrams and useful checklists. Packed with a wealth of information, the Blackstone's Practical Policing Series ensures you have ready access to the tools you need to take on any policing challenge.

In the last twenty-five years, there has been a growing awareness of the role of intelligence within law enforcement activity. This edited volume on intelligence is the first of its kind to draw together in one volume scholarly and practical perspectives on intelligence in policing. In a range of essays from leading experts and practitioners, this book sets out the main concepts and philosophies behind the practical framework for intelligence gathering and analysis in UK policing. The book's four Editors bring a wealth of experience and knowledge to bear upon the subject matter: Sir David Phillips and Professor John Grieve were instrumental in developing and defining the role of intelligence in English policing; Dr Clive Harfield has operational experience managing an intelligence unit and was a national intelligence officer; and Professor Allyson MacVean has practical experience working with the police on issues of dangerous offender management and community impact assessments. The emphasis on intelligence for the purposes of policing has been expressed theoretically in 'intelligence-led policing'; a mantra repeated by both politicians and senior police officers and suggesting that intelligence is the universal panacea for all ills - from national security to creating safer neighbourhoods. This expression betrays both the potential sophistication of intelligence and the very real implementation problems that practitioners encounter daily. This volume seeks to address these complexities through its discussion of how intelligence has been conceptualised and developed into practical products for the purposes of policing as undertaken not only by the police, but also by partner agencies and other providers. Divided into four parts, each section of the book begins with a comprehensive overview of the topic written by the Editors. The Editors pose a series of questions which are explored further by expert contributors in a series of essays, each one an important contribution to the treatment of intelligence in policing today. Part One looks at the history and theory of intelligence in policing, reflecting on how the police service arrived at its current approaches to intelligence; Part Two deals with analysis, examining the police relationship with analysts and the various models of analysis; Part Three looks at partnership with other agencies (prisons/local authorities) and draws on case studies to explore how different frameworks can be structured; and Part Four looks to the future and and asks whether intelligence-led policing is the answer. Contributors include R.Mark Evans, Director of Analytical Services for the Police Service of Northern Ireland and National Manager for Intelligence at New Zealand Police; Michael Hawley, Federal Agent for the Australian Federal Police; Professor Betsy Stanko; and Sir Paul Scott-Lee, Chief Constable at West Midlands Police. This thoughtful and pioneering volume is a timely addition to publications on policing, and will be of interest to police, the Security Services, and academics alike.

Despite the rising number of confirmed false confession cases, most people have a hard time grasping why someone would confess to a crime they did not commit, or even why a guilty person would admit to something that could put them in jail for life. How the Police Generate False Confessions takes you inside the interrogation room, exposing the tactics that law enforcement uses to make confessions happen. James L. Trainum reveals how innocent people can become suspects and then confessed criminals even when they have not committed a crime. Using real stories, he looks at the inherent coerciveness of the interrogation process and why so many false confessions contain so many of the details that only the true perpetrator would know. More disturbingly, the book examines how these same processes corrupt witness and victim statements, create lying informants and cooperators, and induce innocent people to plead guilty. Trainum also offers recommendations for change in the U.S. by looking at how other countries are changing the process to prevent such miscarriages of justice. The reasons that people falsely confess can be complex and varied; throughout How the Police Generate False Confessions Trainum encourages readers to critically evaluate confessions on their own by gaining a better understanding of the interrogation process.

This practical guide to developing leadership skills in policing examines the qualities that make up a good leader, providing a variety of examples of good leadership approaches in various policing contexts. Police organizations are increasingly recognizing the role of leadership at every level of the police hierarchy; with police officers involving themselves with partnership work, attending and facilitating public meetings and heading neighborhood policing teams, as well as their more traditional police work.
This book aims to enhance leadership skills in policing and ensure officers carry out their duties as effectively as possible. It outlines the theory and concepts of leadership and applies them to police management structures, offering advice on a wide range of issues. These issues include leading teams, motivating others, dealing with disputes, problem-solving, participating in meetings and ethical leadership. All explanations are supported by exercises, examples of both good and bad leadership approaches, flow charts, useful websites and suggested further reading. The first practical guide to tackle leadership aimed at uniformed officers, this title is an essential purchase for anyone within the police service who has responsibility for leading at the front line of the police service.
The book forms part of the Blackstone's Practical Policing Series. The series, aimed at junior to middle ranking officers, consists of practical guides containing clear and detailed explanations of the relevant legislation and practice, accompanied by case studies, illustrative diagrams and useful checklists.

Further serious offences committed by those released early from custody are the subject of intense media scrutiny. This accessible text examines the subject of further serious offending through the medium of major inquiries, inspections and reports. Inquiries discussed include the Clunis Inquiry, the Bristol Royal Infirmary Inquiry, the Marchioness Inquiry and the Anthony Rice Inquiry.
This book explores the extent to which recommendations are implemented and their impact on the development of public protection policy. Reviewing all the major inquiries relating to further serious offending, the authors highlight commonalities that emerge from these reports, such as the nature of the offence and the type of response, as well as organizational and individual failures. By identifying similarities and themes across a range of agencies, the authors explore the nature of organizational and personal failure and blame. While most responses to further serious offending are organizationally based, they rarely refer to personal failings on the part of agency workers. This title does both, while providing an outline of the constitution and culture of inquiries and the development of the multi-agency approach.
This book also argues that the public protection edifice is built upon perceptions of danger which rarely reflect the true nature of dangerous behavior. The authors propose that many inquiries refer to incidents that do not meet the stereotypical profile of a dangerous predator; subsequently the construction of dangerousness is re-examined in the light of Inquiry findings and recommendations.
This title is a thought-provoking and topical book of great interest to probationpractitioners and students alike.

This title examines the role of political culture and penal populism in the response to the emotive subject of child-on-child homicide. Green explores the reasons underlying the vastly differing responses of the English and Norwegian criminal justice systems to the cases of James Bulger and Silje Redergard respectively. Whereas James Bulger's killers were subject to extreme press and public hostility, and held in secure detention for nine months before being tried in an adversarial court, and served eight years in custody, a Redergard's killers were shielded from public antagonism and carefully reintegrated into the local community. This book argues that English adversarial political culture creates far more incentives to politicize high-profile crimes than Norwegian consensus political culture. Drawing on a wealth of empirical research, Green suggests that the tendency for politicians to justify punitive responses to crime by invoking harsh political attitudes is based upon a flawed understanding of public opinion. In a compelling study, Green proposes a more deliberative response to crime is possible by making English culture less adversarial and by making informed public judgment more assessable.

Following the success of his collections of stories from funeral directors, schoolteachers, doctors, and lawyers, folklorist William Lynwood Montell presents a new volume of tales from Kentucky sheriffs. Montell collected stories from all areas of the state to represent the diversity of social and economic backgrounds in the various communities the officers serve. Tales from Kentucky Sheriffs covers elections, criminal behavior, and sheriff's mistakes in a lighthearted and often humorous manner. The book includes accounts of a drunk driver who thought he was in a different state, a sheriff running a sting operation with the U.S. Marshals, and a woman reporting a tomato thief in her garden. Other accounts involve procedural errors with serious consequences, such as the tale of a sheriff who mistakenly informs a man that his son has committed suicide. Together, these firsthand narratives preserve important aspects of Kentucky's history not likely to be recorded elsewhere.

Policing a Diverse Society (Second Edition) is a one-stop, practical resource covering all the major issues associated with policing diversity. Policing in the UK is essentially about policing diversity; diversity issues affect every aspect of the police officer's role and are key to the successful training of police officers. Whilst taking due account of the theoretical perspectives on policing diversity, this text supports and encourages the development of the relevant practical skills required to respond to diversity effectively. This text takes into account the wide range of diversity issues that police officers will need to address in their work. The text has been completely revised to incorporate a number of important developments that have occurred since the first edition was written, such as: recent developments of the newly established combined body, the Commission for Equality and Human Rights; the July 7th Report; the Copenhagen cartoons and the Jean Charles de-Menezes investigation. The second edition also boasts an additional chapter dealing with the six diversity strands that form the focus of police training (race, gender, age, faith, sexuality and disability). This very practical book is written to support the knowledge required by the National Occupational Standards (NOS) on diversity and the Integrated Competency Framework (ICF). Using this book will ensure students achieve these standards. Case studies, exercises, diagrams, reflect on practice boxes and chapter summaries are used to help students understand the material, consolidate their knowledge and apply the concepts to their every day professional work. The book's interactive, accessible style makes it suitable for student police officers working through the IPLDP, those in Higher Education studying for Foundation Degrees and other Policing degrees, as well as anyone engaged in delivering police training in diversity issues.

The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Graduate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It serves as the principal international source of public information on all aspects of small arms and armed violence, and as a resource centre for governments, policy-makers, researchers, and activists. The Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City offers new and updated information on small arms production, stockpiles, transfers, and measures, including a special focus on transfer controls. This year's thematic section explores the complex issue of urban violence with case studies on Burundi and Brazil as well as a photo essay by award-winning combat photographer Lucian Read. This edition also features chapters on lessons learned from the tracing of ammunition, the relationship between gun prices and conflict, and the role of small arms in South Sudan.

This book explores the powers, activities, and accountability of MI5 from the end of the Second World War to 1964. It argues that MI5 acted with neither statutory authority nor statutory powers, and with no obvious forms of statutory accountability. It was established as a counter-espionage agency, yet was beset by espionage scandals on a frequency that suggested if not high levels of incompetence, then high levels of distraction and the squandering of resources. The book addresses the evolution of MI5's mandate after the Second World War which set out its role and functions, and to a limited extent the lines of accountability, the surveillance targets of MI5 and the surveillance methods that it used for this purpose, with a focus in two chapters on MPs and lawyers respectively; the purposes for which this information was used, principally to exclude people from certain forms of employment; and the accountability of MI5 or the lack thereof for the way in which it discharged its responsibilities under the mandate. As lawyers the authors' concern is to consider these questions within the context of the rule of law, one of the core principles of the British constitution, the values of which it was the duty of the Security Service to uphold. Based on extensive archival research, it suggests that MI5 operated without legal authority or exceeded the legal authority it did have.