|
|
Books > Humanities > History > American history > From 1900 > Postwar, from 1945
By the autumn of 1971 a war-weary American public had endured a
steady stream of bad news about the conduct of its soldiers in
Vietnam. It included reports of fraggings, massacres, and
cover-ups, mutinies, increased racial tensions, and soaring drug
abuse. Then six soldiers at Fire Support Base Pace, a besieged U.S.
artillery outpost near the Cambodian border, balked at an order to
conduct a nighttime ambush patrol. Four days later, twenty soldiers
from a second unit objected to patrolling even in daylight. The
sensation these events triggered in the media, along with calls for
a congressional investigation, reinforced for the American public
the image of a dysfunctional military on the edge of collapse. For
a time Pace became the face of all that was wrong with American
troops during the extended withdrawal from Vietnam. William
Shkurti, however, argues that the incidents at Firebase Pace have
been misunderstood for four decades. Shkurti, who served as an
artillery officer not far from Pace, uses declassified reports,
first-person interviews, and other sources to reveal that these
incidents were only temporary disputes involving veteran soldiers
exercising common sense. Shkurti also uses the Pace incidents to
bring an entire war and our withdrawal from it into much sharper
focus. He reevaluates the performance and motivation of U.S. ground
troops and their commanders during this period, as well as that of
their South Vietnamese allies and North Vietnamese adversaries;
reassesses the media and its coverage of this phase of the war; and
shows how some historians have helped foster misguided notions
about what actually happened at Pace. By taking a closer look at
what we thought we knew, Shkurti persuasively demonstrates how
combat units still in harm's way adapted to the challenges before
them and soldiered on in a war everyone else wanted to be over. In
doing so, he also suggests a context to better understand the
challenges that may lie ahead in the drawdown of troops from Iraq
and Afghanistan.
An army, Lewis Mumford once observed, 'is a body of pure consumers'
and it is logistics that feeds this body's insatiable appetite for
men and materiel. Successful logistics - the transportation of
supplies and combatants to battle - cannot guarantee victory, but
poor logistics portends defeat. In Feeding Victory, Jobie Turner
asks how technical innovation has affected this connection over
time and whether advances in technology, from the railroad and the
airplane to the nuclear weapon and the computer, have altered both
the critical relationship between logistics and warfare and,
ultimately, geopolitical dynamics. Covering a span of three hundred
years, Feeding Victory focuses on five distinct periods of
technological change, from the preindustrial era to the information
age. For each era Turner presents a case study: the campaign for
Lake George from 1755 to 1759, the Western Front in 1917, the
Battle of Guadalcanal in 1942, the Battle of Stalingrad from 1942
to 1943, and the Battle of Khe Sanh in 1968. In each of these cases
the logistics of the belligerents were at their limit because of
geography or the vast material needs of war. With such limits, the
case studies both give a clear accounting of the logistics of the
period, particularly with respect to the mode of transportation -
whether air, land, or sea - and reveal the inflection points
between success and failure. What are the continuities between
eras, Turner asks, and what can these campaigns tell us about the
relationship of technology to logistics and logistics to
geopolitics? In doing so, Turner discovers just how critical the
biological needs of the soldiers on the battlefield prove to be; in
fact, they overwhelm firepower in their importance, even in the
modern era. His work shows how logistics aptly represents
technological shifts from the enlightenment to the dawn of the
twenty-first century and how, in our time, ideas have come to trump
the material forces of war.
|
|