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Books > History > World history > From 1900 > Postwar, from 1945
Since the end of the Cold War, China has experienced several
notable interstate crises: the 1999 'embassy bombing' incident, the
2001 EP-3 mid-air collision with a United States aircraft, and the
Diaoyu/Senkaku dispute with Japan. China's response to each
incident, however, has varied considerably. Drawing from a wealth
of primary sources and interviews, this book offers a systematic
analysis of China's crisis behavior in order to identify the
factors which determine when Chinese leaders decide to escalate or
scale down their response to crises. Inspired by prospect theory -
a Nobel Prize-winning behavioral psychology theory - Kai He
proposes a 'political survival prospect' model as a means to
understand the disparities in China's behavior. He argues that
China's response depends on a combination of three factors that
shape leaders' views on the prospects for their 'political survival
status', including the severity of the crisis, leaders' domestic
authority, and international pressure.
The Gay Girl in Damascus Hoax explores the vulnerability of
educated and politically engaged Westerners to Progressive
Orientalism, a form of Orientalism embedded within otherwise
egalitarian and anti-imperialist Western thought. Early in the Arab
Spring, the Gay Girl in Damascus blog appeared. Its author claimed
to be Amina Arraf, a Syrian American lesbian Muslim woman living in
Damascus. After the blog's went viral in April 2011, Western
journalists electronically interviewed Amina, magnifying the blog's
claim that the Syrian uprising was an ethnically and religiously
pluralist movement anchored in an expansive sense of social
solidarity. However, after a post announced that the secret police
had kidnapped Amina, journalists and activists belatedly realized
that Amina did not exists and Thomas "Tom" MacMaster, a
forty-year-old straight white American man and peace activist
living and studying medieval history in Scotland was the blog's
true author. MacMaster's hoax succeeded by melding his and his
audience's shared political and cultural beliefs into a falsified
version of the Syrian Revolution that validated their views of
themselves as anti-racist and anti-imperialist progressives by
erasing real Syrians.
This book provides a holistic overview of the history of
sustainable development in Denmark over the last fifty years,
covering a host of issues central to the Sustainable Development
Goals (SDGs): ending poverty; ensuring inclusive and equitable
education; reducing inequality; making cities and settlements
inclusive, safe and resilient; and fostering responsible production
and consumption patterns, to name a few. It argues for a new
framework of sustainability history, one that is truly global in
outlook. As such, it explores what truly global sustainable
development would look like. It considers how economic growth has
been the driver for prosperity in the global north, and considers
whether sustainable development and continued economic growth are
irreconcilable, and what the future of sustainable development
initiatives in Denmark might look like.
For nearly a half century, from 1945 to 1991, the United States and
the Soviet Union maneuvered to achieve global hegemony. Each forged
political alliances, doled out foreign aid, mounted cultural
campaigns, and launched covert operations. The Cold War also deeply
affected the domestic politics, cultures, and economic policies of
the two superpowers, their client states, and other nations
throughout the world. Teaching the Cold War is both necessary and
challenging. Understanding and Teaching the Cold War is designed to
help collegiate and high school teachers navigate the complexity of
the topic, integrate up-to-date research and concepts into their
classes, and use strategies and tools that make this important
history meaningful to students. The volume opens with Matthew
Masur's overview of models for approaching the subject, whether in
survey courses or seminars. Two prominent historians, Carole Fink
and Warren Cohen, offer accounts of their experience as long-time
scholars and teachers of the Cold War from European and Asian
perspectives. Sixteen essays dig into themes including the origins
and end of the conflict, nuclear weapons, diplomacy, propaganda,
fear, popular culture, and civil rights, as well as the Cold War in
Eastern Europe, Western Europe, East Asia, Africa, Latin America,
and the nonaligned nations. A final section provides practical
advice for using relevant, accessible primary sources to implement
the teaching ideas suggested in this book.
Robert Knight's book examines how the 60,000 strong Slovene
community in the Austrian borderland province of Carinthia
continued to suffer in the wake of Nazism's fall. It explores how
and why Nazi values continued to be influential in a post-Nazi era
in postwar Central Europe and provides valuable insights into the
Cold War as a point of interaction of local, national and
international politics. Though Austria was re-established in 1945
as Hitler's 'first victim', many Austrians continued to share
principles which had underpinned the Third Reich. Long treated as
both inferior and threatening prior to the rise of Hitler and then
persecuted during his time in power, the Slovenes of Carinthia were
prevented from equality of schooling by local Nazis in the years
that followed World War Two, behavior that was tolerated in Vienna
and largely ignored by the rest of the world. Slavs in Post-Nazi
Austria uses this vital case study to discuss wider issues relating
to the stubborn legacy of Nazism in postwar Europe and to instill a
deeper understanding of the interplay between collective and
individual (liberal) rights in Central Europe. This is a
fascinating study for anyone interested in knowing more about the
disturbing imprint that Nazism left in some parts of Europe in the
postwar years.
First friends, then bitter enemies, John Kennedy and Richard Nixon
shared a rivalry that had a dramatic impact on American history.
One would become the most dashing figure of the post-World War II
era, the other would live into his eighties, haunted and consumed
by the rivalry. In Kennedy and Nixon, Christopher Matthews offers a
surprising look at these two political giants, offering a stunning
portrait that will change the way we think about both of them.
Starting as congressmen in the class of 1946, the two men developed
a friendship and admiration for each other that would last for more
than a decade. But what drove history was the enmity between these
two towering figures whose 1960 presidential contest would set the
nation's bitter course for years to come. Matthews shows how the
early fondness between the two men (Kennedy told a trusted friend
that if he didn't receive the Democratic nomination in 1960, he
would vote for Nixon) degenerated into distrust and paranoia, the
same emotions that, in the early 1970's, ravaged the nation.
Christopher Mattew's revealing book sheds light on this complicated
relationship and the role that it played in shaping America's
history.
The term the Cold War has had many meanings and interpretations
since it was originally coined and has been used to analyse
everything from comics to pro-natalist policies, and science
fiction to gender politics. This range has great value, but also
poses problems, notably by diluting the focus on war of a certain
type, and by exacerbating a lack of precision in definition and
analysis. The Cold War: A Military History is the first survey of
the period to focus on the diplomatic and military confrontation
and conflict. Jeremy Black begins his overview in 1917 and covers
the 'long Cold War', from the 7th November Revolution to the
ongoing repercussions and reverberations of the conflict today. The
book is forward-looking as well as retrospective, not least in
encouraging us to reflect on how much the character of the present
world owes to the Cold War. The result is a detailed survey that
will be invaluable to students and scholars of military and
international history.
WINNER OF THE 2017 MARTIN A. KLEIN PRIZE In his in-depth and
compelling study of perhaps the most famous of Portuguese colonial
massacres, Mustafah Dhada explores why the massacre took place,
what Wiriyamu was like prior to the massacre, how events unfolded,
how we came to know about it and what the impact of the massacre
was, particularly for the Portuguese empire. Spanning the period
from 1964 to 2013 and complete with a foreword from Peter Pringle,
this chronologically arranged book covers the liberation war in
Mozambique and uses fieldwork, interviews and archival sources to
place the massacre firmly in its historical context. The Portuguese
Massacre of Wiriyamu in Colonial Mozambique, 1964-2013 is an
important text for anyone interested in the 20th-century history of
Africa, European colonialism and the modern history of war.
South Africa is the most industrialized power in Africa. It was
rated the continent's largest economy in 2016 and is the only
African member of the G20. It is also the only strategic partner of
the EU in Africa. Yet despite being so strategically and
economically significant, there is little scholarship that focuses
on South Africa as a regional hegemon. This book provides the first
comprehensive assessment of South Africa's post-Apartheid foreign
policy. Over its 23 chapters - -and with contributions from
established Africa, Western, Asian and American scholars, as well
as diplomats and analysts - the book examines the current pattern
of the country's foreign relations in impressive detail. The
geographic and thematic coverage is extensive, including chapters
on: the domestic imperatives of South Africa's foreign policy;
peace-making; defence and security; bilateral relations in
Southern, Central, West, Eastern and North Africa; bilateral
relations with the US, China, Britain, France and Japan; the
country's key external multilateral relations with the UN; the
BRICS economic grouping; the African, Caribbean and Pacific Group
(ACP); as well as the EU and the World Trade Organization (WTO). An
essential resource for researchers, the book will be relevant to
the fields of area studies, foreign policy, history, international
relations, international law, security studies, political economy
and development studies.
"Cultural Responses to Occupation in Japan" examines how the
performing arts, and the performing body specifically, have shaped
and been shaped by the political and historical conditions
experienced in Japan during the Cold War and post-Cold War periods.
This study of original and secondary materials from the fields of
theatre, dance, performance art, film and poetry probes the
interrelationship that exists between the body and the
nation-state. Important artistic works, such as Ankoku Butoh (dance
of darkness) and its subsequent re-interpretation by a leading
political performance company Gekidan Kaitaisha (theatre of
deconstruction), are analysed using ethnographic, historical and
theoretical modes. This approach reveals the nuanced and prolonged
effects of military, cultural and political occupation in Japan
over a duration of dramatic change."Cultural Responses to
Occupation in Japan" explores issues of discrimination,
marginality, trauma, memory and the mediation of history in a
ground-breaking work that will be of great significance to anyone
interested in the symbiosis of culture and conflict.""
The Cold War began almost immediately after the end of World War II
and the defeat of the Nazis in Europe. As images of the Nazis'
atrocities became part of American culture's common store, the evil
of their old enemy, beyond the Nazis as a wartime opponent, became
increasingly important. As America tried to describe the danger
represented by the spread of Communism, it fell back on
descriptions of Nazism to make the threat plain through comparison.
At the heart of the tensions of that era lay the inconsistency of
using one kind of evil to describe another. The book addresses this
tension in regards to McCarthyism, campaigns to educate the public
about Communism, attempts to raise support for wars in Asia, and
the rhetoric of civil rights. Each of these political arenas is
examined through their use of Nazi analogies in popular, political,
and literary culture. The Nazi Card is an invaluable look at the
way comparisons to Nazis are used in American culture, the history
of those comparisons, and the repercussions of establishing a
political definition of evil.
Surveillance in America provides a historical exploration of FBI
surveillance practices and policies since 1920 based on recently
declassified FBI files. Using the new information available through
these documents, Ivan Greenberg sheds light on the activities and
beliefs of top FBI officials as they develop and implement
surveillance practices. Paying particular attention to the uses of
the media, Greenberg provides a thorough reconsideration of the
Watergate scandal and the role of W. Mark Felt as "Deep Throat." He
exposes new evidence which suggests that Felt led a faction at the
FBI that worked together to bring down President Nixon. The book
concludes with an in-depth treatment of surveillance practices
since the year 2000. He considers the question of "surveillance as
harassment" and looks at the further erosion of privacy. stemming
from Obama's counter-terror policies which extend those of the Bush
Administration's second term. The startling increase in
surveillance since the events of September 11th, reveal the extent
to which America is losing the battle for civil liberties.
Through interviews with developers, gamers, and journalists
examining the phenomena of bedroom coding, arcade gaming, and
format wars, mapped onto enquiry into the seminal genres of the
time including driving, shooting, and maze chase, Playback: A
Genealogy of 1980s British Videogames examines how 1980s Britain
has become the culture of work in the 21st century and considers
its meaning to contemporary society. This crucial and timely work
fills a lacuna for students and researchers of sociology, media,
and games studies and will be of interest to employees of the
videogames and media industries. Research into videogames have
never been greater, but exploration of their historic drivers is as
elided as the technology is influential, giving rise to a range of
questions. What were the social and economic conditions that gave
rise to a billion dollar industry? What were the motivations of the
early 'bedroom coders'? What are the legacies of the seminal
videogames of the 1980s and how do they inform the current social,
political and cultural landscape? With a focus on the
characteristics of the UK videogame industry in the 1980s, Wade
explores these questions from perspectives of consumption,
production and leisure, outlining the construction of a habitus
unique to this time.
Friendships between women and gay men captivated the American media
in the opening decade of the 21st century. John Portmann places
this curious phenomenon in its historical context, examining the
changing social attitudes towards gay men in the postwar period and
how their relationships with women have been portrayed in the
media. As women and gay men both struggled toward social equality
in the late 20th century, some women understood that defending gay
men - who were often accused of effeminacy - was in their best
interest. Joining forces carried both political and personal
implications. Straight women used their influence with men to
prevent bullying and combat homophobia. Beyond the bureaucratic
fray, women found themselves in transformed roles with respect to
gay men - as their mothers, sisters, daughters, caregivers,
spouses, voters, employers and best friends. In the midst of social
hostility to gay men during the AIDS crisis of the 1980s and 1990s,
a significant number of gay women volunteered to comfort the
afflicted and fight reigning sexual values. Famous women such as
Elizabeth Taylor and Barbra Streisand threw their support behind a
detested minority, while countless ordinary women did the same
across America. Portmann celebrates not only women who made the
headlines but also those who did not. Looking at the links between
the women's liberation and gay rights movements, and filled with
concrete examples of personal and political relationships between
straight women and gay men, Women and Gay Men in the Postwar Period
is an engaging and accessible study which will be of interest to
students and scholars of 20th- and 21st century social and gender
history.
Mieczyslaw Weinberg left his family behind and fled his native
Poland in September 1939. He reached the Soviet Union, where he
become one of the most celebrated composers. He counted
Shostakovich among his close friends and produced a prolific output
of works. Yet he remained mindful of the nation that he had left.
This book examines how Weinberg's works written in Soviet Russia
compare with those of his Polish contemporaries; how one composer
split from his national tradition and how he created a style that
embraced the music of a new homeland, while those composers in his
native land surged ahead in a more experimental vein. The points of
contact between them are enlightening for both sides. This study
provides an overview of Weinberg's music through his string
quartets, analysing them alongside Polish composers. Composers
featured include Bacewicz, Meyer, Lutoslawski, Panufnik,
Penderecki, Gorecki, and a younger generation, including Szymanski
and Knapik.
With the spread of manga (Japanese comics) and anime (Japanese
cartoons) around the world, many have adopted the Japanese term
'otaku' to identify fans of such media. The connection to manga and
anime may seem straightforward, but, when taken for granted, often
serves to obscure the debates within and around media fandom in
Japan since the term 'otaku' appeared in the niche publication
Manga Burikko in 1983. Debating Otaku in Contemporary Japan
disrupts the naturalization and trivialization of 'otaku' by
examining the historical contingency of the term as a way to
identify and contain problematic youth, consumers and fan cultures
in Japan. Its chapters, many translated from Japanese and available
in English for the first time - and with a foreword by Otsuka Eiji,
former editor of Manga Burikko - explore key moments in the
evolving discourse of 'otaku' in Japan. Rather than presenting a
smooth, triumphant narrative of the transition of a subculture to
the mainstream, the edited volume repositions 'otaku' in specific
historical, social and economic contexts, providing new insights
into the significance of the 'otaku' phenomenon in Japan and the
world. By going back to original Japanese documents, translating
key contributions by Japanese scholars and offering sustained
analysis of these documents and scholars, Debating Otaku in
Contemporary Japan provides alternative histories of and approaches
to 'otaku'. For all students and scholars of contemporary Japan and
the history of Japanese fan and consumer cultures, this volume will
be a foundation for understanding how 'otaku', at different places
and times and to different people, is meaningful.
This study examines the role of modern sports in constructing
national identities and the way leaders have exploited sports to
achieve domestic and foreign policy goals. The book focuses on the
development of national sporting cultures in Great Britain and the
United States, the particular processes by which the rest of Europe
and the world adopted or rejected their games, and the impact of
sports on domestic politics and foreign affairs. Teams competing in
international sporting events provide people a shared national
experience and a means to differentiate "us" from "them."
Particular attention is paid to the transnational influences on the
construction of sporting communities, and why some areas resisted
dominant sporting cultures while others adopted them and changed
them to fit their particular political or societal needs. A
recurrent theme of the book is that as much as they try,
politicians have been frustrated in their attempts to achieve
political ends through sport. The book provides a basis for
understanding the political, economic, social, and diplomatic
contexts in which these games were played, and to present issues
that spur further discussion and research.
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Poudre Canyon
(Hardcover)
Barbara Fleming, Malcolm Mcneill
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R781
R686
Discovery Miles 6 860
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China's rise to power is the signal event of the twenty-first
century, and this volume offers a contemporary view of this nation
in ascendancy from the inside. Eight recent essays by Xu Jilin, a
popular historian and one of China's most prominent public
intellectuals, critique China's rejection of universal values and
the nation's embrace of Chinese particularism, the rise of the cult
of the state and the acceptance of the historicist ideas of Carl
Schmitt and Leo Strauss. Xu's work is distinct both from
better-known voices of dissent and also from the 'New Left'
perspectives, offering instead a liberal reaction to the complexity
of China's rise. Yet this work is not a shrill denunciation of Xu's
intellectual enemies, but rather a subtle and heartfelt call for
China to accept its status as a great power and join the world as a
force for good.
The Reagan era is usually seen as an era of unheralded prosperity,
and as a high-watermark of Republican success. President Ronald
Reagan's belief in "Reaganomics", his media-friendly sound-bites
and "can do" personality have come to define the era. However, this
was also a time of domestic protest and unrest. Under Reagan the US
was directly involved in the revolutions which were sweeping the
Central Americas- El Salvador, Honduras and Guatemala -and in
Nicaragua Reagan armed the Contras who fought the Sandinistas. This
book seeks to show how the left within the US reacted and protested
against these events. The Nation, Verso Books and the Guardian
exploded in popularity, riding high on the back of popular
anti-interventionist sentiment in America, while the film-maker
Oliver Stone led a group of directors making films with a radical
left-wing message. The author shows how the1980s in America were a
formative cultural period for the anti-Reaganites as well as the
Reaganites, and in doing so charts a new history.
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