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Books > Academic & Education > Professional & Technical > Psychology
"Online Counseling" gives practical insight into how
professionals can translate and extend their practice to the
electronic online medium. The volume provides an overview of
current research on the use and effectiveness of counseling online
and data on the idiosyncrasies of online behavior and
communication. The practical aspects of and skill sets required for
counseling online are discussed at length, as are technological,
ethical, legal and multicultural issues, treatment strategies, and
testing and assessment.
It has become a truism that the frozen optical diagram representation of vision is the worst possible picture of the way in which we visually interact with the environment. Even apart from our reaction to moving targets by pursuit movements, our visual behaviour can be said to be characterised by eye movements. We sample from our environment in a series of relatively brief fixations which move from one point to another in a series of extremely rapid jerks known as saccades. Many questions arising from this characteristic of vision are explored within this volume, including the question of how our visual world maintains its perceptual stability despite the drastic changes in input associated with these eye movements.
This edited textbook isa fully updated and expanded version of the
highly successful first edition of "Human Factors in Aviation."
Written for the widespread aviation community - students,
engineers, scientists, pilots, managers, government personnel,
etc., HFA offers a comprehensive overview of the topic, taking
readers from the general to the specific, first covering broad
issues, then the more specific topics of pilot performance, human
factors in aircraft design, and vehicles and systems.
Component cognitive processes have played a critical role in the development of experimental aging research and theory in psychology as attested by articles published on this theme. However, in the last five to ten years, there has been a substantial increase in the number of articles attempting to isolate a single factor (or small subset of factors) responsible for age differences in information processing. This view of aging is frequently termed the complexity model of the generalized slowing model, the primary assumption being that age differences in cognition are due simply to a relatively larger performance decrement on the part of older adults (compared to younger adults) as task complexity increases. Because generalized complexity theorists have questioned the utility of using component cognitive processes as theoretical constructs, the editors feel it is time to restate why component cognitive processes are critical to any thorough understanding of age differences in cognition. Thus the present edited volume represents an attempt to demonstrate the utility of the process-specific approach to cognitive aging. Central to this effort are illustrations of how regression analyses may provide evidence for general slowing by maximizing explained variance while at the same time obscuring local sources of variance. The book concentrates on age differences in word and language processing, because these factors relate to reading which is a critical cognitive process used in everyday life. Furthermore, age differences in word and language processing illustrate the importance of taking component cognitive processes into consideration. The breadth of coverage of the book attests to the wide range of cognitive processes involved in word and language processing.
Positive psychology - essentially the scientific study of the
strengths that enable individuals and communities to thrive- is a
relatively new discipline that has experienced substantial growth
in the last 5-10 years. Research suggests that the principles and
theories from this area of study are highly relevant to the
practice of counseling and psychotherapy, and positive psychology
presents clinicians and patients with a much needed balance to the
more traditional focus on pathology and the disease model of mental
health. This book provides a comprehensive introduction to the
best-researched positive psychological interventions. It emphasizes
clinical application, providing a detailed view of how the research
can be applied to patients. Covering the broaden-and-build theory,
strengths-based therapy, mentoring modalities and more, the volume
will provide numerous assessment tools, exercises and worksheets
for use throughout the counseling and psychotherapy process.
This book takes as a starting point, John Dewey's article, "The Reflex Arc Concept in Psychology," in which Dewey was calling for, in short, the utilisation of systems theories within psychology, theories of behaviour that capture its nature as a vastly-complex dynamic coordination of nested coordinations. This line of research was neglected as American psychology migrated towards behaviourism, where perception came to be thought of as being both a neural response to an external stimulus and a mediating neural stimulus leading to, or causing a muscular response. As such, perception becomes a question of how it is the perceiver creates neural representations of the physical world. Gestalt psychology, on the other hand, focused on perception itself, utilising the term Phenomenological Field; a term that elegantly nests perception and the organism within their respective, as well as relative, levels of organisation. With the development of servo-mechanisms during the second world war, systems theory began to take on momentum within psychology, and then in the 1970s William T Powers brought the notion of servo-control to perception in his book, "Behavior: The Control of Perception." Since then, scientists have come to see nature not as linear chain of contingent cause-effect relationships, but rather, as a non linear, unpredictable nesting of self referential, emergent coordinations, best described as Chaos theory. The implications for perception are astounding, while maintaining the double-aspect nature of perception espoused by the Gestalt psychologists. In short, system theories model perception within the context of a functioning organism, so that objects of experience come to be seen as scale-dependent, psychophysically-neutral, phenomenological transformations of energy structures, the dynamics of which are the result of evolution, and therefore, "a priori" to the individual case. This "a priori," homological unity among brain perception and world is revealed through the use of systems theories and represents the thrust of this book. All the authors are applying some sort of systems theory to the psychology of perception. However, unlike Dewey we have close to a century of technology we can bring to bear upon the issue. This book should be seen as a collection of such efforts.
"Adolescent Addiction: Epidemiology, Assessment, and Treatment"
presents a comprehensive review of information on adolescent
addiction, including prevalence and co-morbidity rates, risk
factors to addiction, and prevention and treatment strategies.
Unlike other books that may focus on one specific addiction, this
book covers a wide range of addictions in adolescents, including
alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, eating, gambling, internet and video
games, and sex addiction. Organized into three sections, the book
begins with the classification and assessment of adolescent
addiction. Section two has one chapter each on the aforementioned
addictions, discussing for each the definition, epidemiology, risk
factors, co-morbidity, course and outcome, and prevention and
intervention. Section three discusses the assessment and treatment
of co-morbid conditions in greater detail as well as the social and
political implications of adolescent addictions.
This book is both a set of procedures for the therapist and a
philosophy- one that is shared with clients and one that guides the
work of the therapist. This second edition continues its excellence
in offering clinicians a guide to doing what works in brief
therapy- for whom, and when and how to use it. Psychotherapy that
follows these guidelines validates the client's most important
concerns - and it often turns out to be surprisingly brief. Author,
Ellen Quick integrates strategic and solution focused therapy and
includes guidelines for tailoring technique and interventions to
client characteristics and preferences. With clinically rich
examples throughout, this book offers applications for couples,
including indications for individual or conjoint sessions.
WIth the ongoing pressures for psychologists to practice
evidence-based care, and the requirement insurance carriers have
both for treatment goals, measurement of outcomes, and a focus on
brief therapy, functional analysis provides a framework for
achieving all of the above. Having proven itself in treating
behavioral problems in education, functional analysis is now being
applied more broadly to behavioral and psychologial disorders.
This edited book examines some of the current inquiry related to
the study of emotions in educational contexts. There has been a
notable increased interest in educational research on emotions.
Exposure Therapy refers to any clinical intervention in which a
client directly confronts a source of fear. Since high levels of
anxiety can not be maintained indefinitely, repeated exposure leads
to decreased anxiety. This type of treatment is effective with
phobias, post traumatic stress disorder, obsessive compulsive
disorders, panic, generalized anxiety, and several other disorders.
It's also been found to be effective in helping to treat substance
abuse. Although exposure-based treatments have been extensively
researched and reported in the literature, there is no single
comprehensive treatment of exposure therapies. Writings tend to be
limited to larger pieces on treating specific disorders or types of
patients. A comprehensive book on the use of these treatments
across patient disorders will be of great use to practitioners.
Understanding the factors that place an individual at greater risk
of developing psychopathology has important implications for both
treatment and prevention of psychological disorders. Of critical
relevance in this regard is the exploration of the potential
influence of the family. Parenting and the family environment are
considered to significantly contribute to a child's early
development and adjustment. It follows then that parental behavior
may also be of importance in the development, maintenance and or
the prevention of psychopathology. Over the past 50 years there has
been a considerable amount of research as well as controversy
surrounding the link between parenting and psychopathology. The
purpose of this book is to provide researchers and clinicians with
state-of-the art research findings, presented by experts in the
field, on the role of the family in the development and maintenance
of psychopathology. This edited book is divided into 3 sections. The first addresses broader issues of theory and methodology and the second provides separate chapters relating to the role of the family in the development and maintenance of specific psychopathologies. A final section discusses the involvement of the family in treatment and prevention.
The Handbook of Self-Regulation represents state-of-the-art
coverage of the latest theory, research, and developments in
applications of self-regulation research. Chapters are of interest
to psychologists interested in the development and operation of
self-regulation as well as applications to health, organizational,
clinical, and educational psychology.
Evidence-Based Educational Methods answers the challenge of the "No
Child Left Behind Act" of 2001 by promoting evidence-based
educational methods designed to improve student learning.
Behavioral scientists have been refining these instructional
methods for decades before the current call for evidence-based
education. Precision Teaching, Direct Instruction, Computerized
Teaching, Personalized System of Instruction, and other unique
applications of behavior analysis are all informed by the
scientific principles of learning, have been tested in the
laboratory, and are often shown to have significant success in
field applications. This book details each of these approaches to
education based on the principles of behavior analysis. Individuals
and agencies responsible for instruction that leaves no child
behind will find this compendium an important resource for meeting
that challenge, and young educators will greatly benefit from this
text, as they will see a blueprint of the evidence-based education
systems being planned for the future.
Serial killers like Seattle's Ted Bundy, Maryland's Beltway Sniper,
Atlanta's Wayne Williams, or England's Peter Sutcliffe usually
outsmart the task forces on their trail for long periods of time.
Keppel and Birnes take readers inside the operations of serial
killer task forces to learn why. What is the underlying psychology
of a serial killer and why this defeats task force investigations?
One of the largest patient populations seen by neuropsychologists
are older adults suffering from problems associated with aging.
Further, the proportion of the population aged 65 and above is
rising rapidly. This book provides a guide to neuropsychological
clinicians increasingly called upon to assess this population. The
book details in a step-by-step fashion the phases and
considerations in performing a neuropsychological assessment of an
older patient. It covers procedural details including review of
patient's medical records, clinical interview, formal testing,
interpretation of test scores, addressing referral questions, and
preparing an evaluation report.
Self-regulation refers to the self's ability to control its own
thoughts, emotions, and actions. Through self-regulation, we
consciously control how much we eat, whether we give in to impulse,
task performance, obsessive thoughts, and even the extent to which
we allow ourselves recognition of our emotions. This work provides
a synthesis and overview of recent and long-standing research
findings of what is known of the successes and failures of
self-regulation.
The intent of this book is to describe those perceptual and cognitive components which contribute to skilled motor performance in a wide variety of disciplines, including sports, microsurgery, video games, and speech. Also considered are issues in the measurement of motor skill, the development of motor skill across the life span, and the importance of individual differences in the development of motor skill. Many chapters contain studies employing the expertise approach used so successfully to study cognitive skills in psychology. Using this approach, expert performers are compared to novices on domain relevant laboratory tasks in order to determine whether specific cognitive or perceptual processes are related to performance differences. This volume will be of value to kinesiologists, sport psychologists, physical educators, and cognitive psychologists who are interested in a new perspective on the nature of motor skills. The majority of the chapters include reviews of the literature necessary to understand the case being made. Thus, the book may be understood by any reader with a basic course in psychology or motor behavior.
The idea for this book grew out of the conference "Motivational
Psychology of Ontogenesis" held at the Max Planck Institute for
Human Development in Berlin, Germany, in May 1998. This conference
focused on the interface of development and motivation and
therefore brought together scholars from three major areas in
psychology - developmental, motivational and lifespan.
People experiencing disorders in regulation are highly sensitive
to stimulation from the environment, emotionally reactive, and have
difficulty maintaining an organized and calm life style. They are
impulsive, easily frustrated, and as a result make decisions that
lead to an overwrought state-or who conversely retreat entirely
from the world. This disorder is most likely to accompany diagnoses
of bipolar or mood disorder, anxiety, depression,
obsessive-compulsive disorder, Asperger s syndrome, eating or sleep
disorders, and/or attention deficit disorder. This book instructs
therapists how best to treat the dysregulated adult, providing
diagnostic checklists, and a chapter by chapter inventory in
approaching treatment of dysregulation in a variety of life
skills.
Recently, studies on aging processes and age-related changes in behavior have been expanding considerably, probably due to the dramatic changes observed in the demographics. This increase in the overall age and proportion of elderly people has heightened the severity of problems associated with the safety and well-being of elderly persons in everyday life. Many researchers working on motor control have thus focused more intensely on the effects of age on motor control. This new avenue of research has led to programs for alleviating or delaying the specific sensory-motor limitations encountered by the elderly (e.g. falls) in an attempt to make the elderly more autonomous. The aggregation of studies from different perspectives is often fascinating, especially when the same field can serve as a common ground between researchers. Nearly all contributors to this book work on sensory-motor aging; they represent a large range of affiliations and backgrounds including psychology, neurobiology, cognitive sciences, kinesiology, neuropsychology, neuropharmacology, motor performance, physical therapy, exercise science, and human development. Addressing age-related behavioral changes can also furnish some crucial reflections in the debate about motor coordination: aging is the product of both maturational and environmental processes, and studies on aging must determine how the intricate interrelationships between these processes evolve. The study of aging makes it possible to determine how compensatory mechanisms, operating on different subsystems and each aging at its own rate, compensate for biological degenerations and changing external demands. This volume will contribute to demonstrating that the study of the aging process raises important theoretical questions.
"Solution Focused Anxiety Management" provides the clinician with evidence-based techniques to help clients manage anxiety. Cognitive behavioral and strategic tools, acceptance-based ideas, and mindfulness are introduced from a solution-focused perspective and tailored to client strengths and preferences. The book presents the conceptual foundation, methods, and attitudes of a solution-focused approach. Case examples illustrate how to transform anxiety into the "Four Cs" (courage, coping, appropriate caution and choice). Readers learn how to utilize solution focused anxiety management in single-session, brief, and intermittent therapy as well as in a class setting. The book additionally includes all materials needed for teaching solution focused anxiety management in a four-session psychoeducational class: complete instructor notes, learner readings, and companion online materials. Special Features Focuses on what works in anxiety management Presents evidenced based techniques from a solution-focused perspective Increases effectiveness by utilizing client strengths and preferences Describes applications in single session, brief, and intermittent therapy Supplies forms and worksheets for the therapist to use in practice Features clinically rich case examples Supplements text with online companion material Suitable for use as a treatment manual, reference, or course
text
The media, scientific researchers, and the "Diagnostic and
Statistical Manual" all refer to "autism" as if it were a single
disorder or a single disorder over a spectrum. However, autism is
unlike any single disorder in a variety of ways. No single brain
deficit is found to cause it, no single drug is found to affect it,
and no single cause or cure has been found despite tremendous
research efforts to find same. "Rethinking Autism" reviews the
scientific research on causes, symptomology, course, and treatment
done to date and draws the potentially shocking conclusion that
"autism" does not exist as a single disorder. The conglomeration of
symptoms exists, but like fever, those symptoms aren t a disease in
themselves, but rather a result of some other cause(s). Only by
ceasing to think of autism as a single disorder can we ever advance
research to more accurately parse why these symptoms occur and what
the different and varied causes may be.
Motor control is a relatively young field of research exploring
how the nervous system produces purposeful, coordinated movements
in its interaction with the body and the environment through
conscious and unsconscious thought. Many books purporting to cover
motor control have veered off course to examine biomechanics and
physiology rather than actual control, leaving a gap in the
literature. This book covers all the major perspectives in motor
control, with a balanced approach. There are chapters explicitly
dedicated to control theory, to dynamical systems, to biomechanics,
to different behaviors, and to motor learning, including case
studies.
In the last few decades, scientists have discovered that far
from being a time of neural silence, sleep is characterized by
complex patterns of electrical, neurochemical, and metabolic
activity in the brain. "Sleep and the Brain" presents some of the
more dramatic developments in our understanding of brain activity
in sleep. The book discusses what parts of the brain are active in
sleep and how, and presents research on the function of sleep in
memory, learning, and further brain development. Coverage
encompasses the network and membrane mechanisms responsible for
waking and sleeping brain activity, the roles of glial cells in the
sleeping brain, the molecular basis of sleep EEG rhythms, and
research on songbirds, rodents, and humans indicating the function
of sleep. |
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