Component cognitive processes have played a critical role in the
development of experimental aging research and theory in psychology
as attested by articles published on this theme. However, in the
last five to ten years, there has been a substantial increase in
the number of articles attempting to isolate a single factor (or
small subset of factors) responsible for age differences in
information processing. This view of aging is frequently termed the
complexity model of the generalized slowing model, the primary
assumption being that age differences in cognition are due simply
to a relatively larger performance decrement on the part of older
adults (compared to younger adults) as task complexity increases.
Because generalized complexity theorists have questioned the
utility of using component cognitive processes as theoretical
constructs, the editors feel it is time to restate why component
cognitive processes are critical to any thorough understanding of
age differences in cognition. Thus the present edited volume
represents an attempt to demonstrate the utility of the
process-specific approach to cognitive aging. Central to this
effort are illustrations of how regression analyses may provide
evidence for general slowing by maximizing explained variance while
at the same time obscuring local sources of variance.
The book concentrates on age differences in word and language
processing, because these factors relate to reading which is a
critical cognitive process used in everyday life. Furthermore, age
differences in word and language processing illustrate the
importance of taking component cognitive processes into
consideration. The breadth of coverage of the book attests to the
wide range of cognitive processes involved in word and language
processing.
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