As an important macroeconomic variant, the fiscal revenue and expenditure can influence the operation of the whole economic and social activities by changing the existing GDP distribution pattern, affecting the consumption and investment of enterprises and people, etc. Thus, fiscal policy has always been a primary instrument of macroeconomic regulation. This book imports fiscal policy into the framework of macroeconomic analysis and through the analysis of the former, it unfolds the major changes of China's macroeconomic operation in the past 20 years. This book begins with China's rejoining the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) in the 1990s which enabled China to deepen the reform and join the international market finally. It elaborates on the challenges China's taxation would be confronted with after rejoining the GATT, including the decrease of tax revenue and higher requirements for tax reform. Then this book combs China's fiscal policies under various economic situations chronologically-tax policy under the background of deflation, proactive fiscal policy at the beginning of 21st century, macroeconomic policy options facing a complicated and volatile economy, etc. How to deal with the ! Degreesnew normal!+/- of development China's economy has entered is also addressed. This book will appeal to scholars and students of economics and China's economic studies.

Das Verhaltnis zwischen dem Anlegerschutz und Kapitalschutz betrifft den aktienrechtlichen Kapitalerhaltungsgrundsatz und die kapitalmarktrechtliche Emittentenhaftung aufgrund einer Informationspflichtverletzung. Dem Anlegerschutz kommt sowohl im turkischen als auch im deutschen Rechtssystem ein besonderer Stellenwert zu, wobei die Entschadigung der getauschten Anleger durch die Gesellschaft zu einer moeglichen Kollision mit den Kapitalschutzschranken fuhren kann. Diese Arbeit versucht die Zweifelsfragen unter Betrachtung des turkischen und deutschen Rechts zu klaren, ob und inwieweit dem Anlegerschutz ein Vorrang vor dem Kapitalschutz eingeraumt werden soll, und ob die Problemloesung den europaischen Vorschriften entgegenstehen wurde.

Aus ihrer Entwicklung umgibt die Verwaltungssprache eine sprachliche Normierung im Hinblick einer Allgemeinverbindlichkeit gegenuber den Adressatinnen bzw. Adressaten, wobei deren historische Kodifikation sowohl in Woerterbuchern als auch in sonstigen Aufzeichnungen niedergeschrieben wurde. Dies betrifft auch die verbindliche Einhaltung der Gendergerechten Formulierungen in der oesterreichischen Verwaltungssprache: Durch Umformulieren des Satzes soll die bzw. der Handelnde eindeutig in den Prufberichten benannt werden. Diese Arbeit zeigt, inwieweit im Hinblick einer optimalen Verstandlichkeit und Lesbarkeit der Verwaltungssprache und deren Texte fur die Adressatinnen bzw. Adressaten diese Ziele mithilfe einer EDV-Unterstutzungshilfe zu erreichen sind. Zusatzliches Infomaterial ist dem Buch auf einer CD beigefugt.

Public sector managers are constantly confronted by financial documents such as budgets, balance sheets and cash flow statements, yet most do not have a financial background. By approaching the subject from the point of view of how managers use the information, this book enables those studying or training to become public sector managers to get a better understanding of financial documents and communicate effectively with the financial people in their organization. A basic understanding of the principles and rules is instilled, in a concise way, and illustrations are used to encourage an appreciation for the value of financial information for decision making.

Von wesentlicher Bedeutung fur den Unternehmenswert ist die Kapitalstruktur des zu bewertenden Unternehmens, da diese einen wesentlichen Einfluss auf die Hoehe, den zeitlichen Anfall und das Risiko der bewertungsrelevanten Zahlungsstroeme besitzt. Die in Theorie und Praxis verwendeten Bewertungsgleichungen stellen jedoch Eigenkapital und nicht wandelbares Fremdkapital einander gegenuber. Eine explizite Auseinandersetzung der Werteffekte einer Finanzierung mit wandelbarem Fremdkapital fand bisher nicht statt. Die Arbeit schliesst diese Forschungslucke. In ihr werden in einem theoretisch geschlossenen Modellrahmen Bewertungsgleichungen fur wandelanleihenfinanzierte Unternehmen abgeleitet und anschliessend anhand numerischer Analysen plausibilisiert. Die sich ergebenden Bewertungsgleichungen bilden im Gegensatz zu konventionellen Bewertungsgleichungen das Wandlungsrisiko ab, das neben dem operativen Risiko den Wert des Unternehmens pragt.

Fundamentals of Governmental Accounting and Reporting features the foundational tenets of governmental accounting and reporting in today's environment. Featuring updated accounting for GASB Statement No. 84, and fiduciary activities, this work reviews underlying concepts and shows how they are applied through real-life examples of CAFR, financial statements and updates of recent GASB standards.Key areas covered include: The governmental environment and GAAP Fund accounting and the financial reporting model Budgeting MFBA Revenues and expenditures Governmental, proprietary, and fiduciary funds Government-wide financial statements CAFR Special purpose governments Deferred outflows of resources and deferred inflows of resources

This book tackles political, social, and behavioural aspects of public finance and fiscal exchange. The book combines conventional approaches toward public finance with new developments in economics such as political governance, social and individual aspects of economic behaviour. It colligates public finance and behavioural economics and gathers original contributions within the emerging field of behavioural public finance. The book addresses public finance topics by incorporating political, social, and behavioural aspects of economic decision-making, assuming the tax relationship is shaped by three dimensions of decision-making. Thus, it aims not only to reflect the interdisciplinary nature of public finance by bringing together scholars from various disciplines but also to examine public finance through the lens of political, social, and behavioural aspects. The book scrutinizes the relationship between political institutions, governance types, and public finance; it investigates the impact of social context, social capital, and societal cooperation on public finance; it explores behavioural biases of individual fiscal preferences. This book is of interest to scholars, policymakers, tax professionals, business professionals, financers, university students, and researchers in the fields of public policy and economics.

Public value theory has advanced over the past 30 years, but there is a need to extend its boundary outwards into new contexts and update its discourse to reflect new social challenges. We are now trying to create value in a globalized world, with supranational entities, with new international alliances and institutions, in a frightening post-truth era. How can public managers grapple with these emerging realities? This book seeks to provide answers to such public value questions by applying powerful budgeting perspectives. Using case studies of independent budget offices, key fiscal instruments, and leading public value frameworks, this book stands out in its use of budgetary lenses to answer pertinent questions about the multidimensional processes of value creation by and for a wider society. Pushing the debate on public value forward and taking it onto the global stage, the book asks whether public value (and other public administration theories) are applicable beyond the traditional context of the pro-globalization Western liberal democracies in which they were conceived. It does this by exploring the realms of developing countries, supranational entities, and post-Communist societies, among others. Finally, it presents these explorations in light of very recent sociopolitical trends and phenomena, including the growth of civil society, the global financial crisis, the illiberal democracy, and the post-truth era. Tailored to an audience comprising public administration scholars, students of government, budget practitioners, and social scientists interested in contemporary problems of values in society, this book helps to advance public administration thought by extending public value theory into new contexts and relating it to the growing global challenges of public life.

Public Private Partnerships (PPPs) erfreuen sich in Deutschland wachsender Beliebtheit. Im Rahmen dieser Arbeit wird unter Berucksichtigung kameralistischer und doppischer Haushaltsfuhrung betrachtet, ob die aus ihnen resultierenden Verbindlichkeiten in den oeffentlichen Haushalten ausreichend transparent dargestellt werden und ob PPPs in Widerspruch zu den Verschuldungsregeln nach Art. 115 GG, Maastricht und der neuen Schuldenbremse stehen. Als Ergebnis bleibt festzuhalten, dass die transparente Darstellung der Verbindlichkeiten zwar leidet, aus schuldenrechtlicher Sicht allerdings nichts gegen die Durchfuhrung von PPPs einzuwenden ist. Denn schliesslich ergeben sich Anlasse zur Kritik aus aufgezeigten Schwachen des Haushalts- und Verschuldungsrechts, welche allerdings nicht zur Argumentation gegen die Durchfuhrung von PPPs herangezogen werden sollten, wenn diese dazu dienen, oeffentliche Leistungen wirtschaftlicher zu erbringen.

In this time of acute financial pressure on public budgets, there is an increasing interest worldwide in alternative ways for governments to raise money, and how public authorities can develop the capacity to administer revenues efficiently and effectively. Taxation, the primary source of public revenue, is exposed to various threats, while alternative sources of public revenues have much potential but are rarely carefully designed and harnessed. Public Sector Revenue: Principles, Policies and Management sets itself apart from other textbooks through its exclusive focus on the revenue side of public financial management. It provides the reader with the theoretical foundations and practical tools to understand the generation and management of revenues in the public sector, and it weaves a wide range of international examples throughout the text. Students will also benefit from a companion website with supplements including test questions and answers to the end-of-chapter discussion questions inside the book. This textbook will be essential reading for students, managers and policymakers within the areas of public financial management, public sector accounting and public administration.

This volume reflects the pioneering contribution of Nancy and Richard Ruggles to the development of national accounts. It provides a comprehensive overview of the evolution of national accounting systems over the last 50 years. The book is divided into three parts: the evolution of national accounting, the United States national accounts and the United Nations system of national accounts. The authors look at the treatment of pensions, insurance, and value added in national accounting, and the relationship between national income accounting and economic policy. They then look at the conceptual basis and evolution of national accounting systems in the United States between 1947 and 1977 and the integrated economic accounts between 1947 and 1980. Finally, the book includes a review of the major issues in the United Nations system of national accounts, both in terms of measurement and in their applicability to economies in transition and developing countries.

Immer wieder kommt es bei der Besetzung von Ausschussen zu Pattsituationen zwischen dem Regierungs- und dem Oppositionslager. Der Autor geht der Frage nach, wie mit derartigen Pattsituationen umgegangen werden soll. Dabei berucksichtigt er einerseits die staatsrechtlichen Vorgaben fur die Ausschussbesetzung, die durch die Rechtsprechung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts konturiert wurden. Andererseits tragt er der politischen Praxis, namlich dem regelmassig geschlossenen Agieren von Regierungs- und Oppositionslager in den Ausschussen, Rechnung. Am Ende seiner Untersuchung unterbreitet der Autor einen Regelungsvorschlag zur Aufloesung von Pattsituationen, bei dem alle Massgaben gleichermassen zur Geltung kommen.

How do public spaces generate accountability and advance social equity? Stimulating the conversation, the articles in this volume explore the creation of meaning, the increasing confrontation between regulators and the community they are purported to serve, and the prevalent conflicts in seeking a balancing of social and economic interests. How are communities served in hospitals and schools by accounting standards and administrators? Are shareholders protected from managers' opportunistic behaviors? How is professional status supported or denied for women in Columbia and other regions of the globe? Accounting's role in producing worldviews, creating visibilities and in impacting our quality of life stimulates our engagement in these significant issues, reinvigorating what it means to provide accountability. We follow the legacy of public interest and critical accounting research in this volume, uncovering the discipline's relationship to power and symbolism and its impact on our security and well-being as a challenge to conventional accounting.

Future pension provision is highly controversial; it juxtaposes the challenges of old age security with the exigencies of global finance. Clearly, demography, finance and public accountability are crucial to current political debate. But there are other important issues. The problems of paying for the retirement of the baby boom generation has exposed profound differences in the advanced economies in terms of their financial institutions and infrastructure. Pension security has been re-conceptualised, in part, as an issue of global finance and international comparative advantage bringing with it a re-definition of risk and pension security. This book examines how major continental European and Anglo-American countries are dealing with these pressures, to what extent these responses are beginning to redraw the boundaries between public and private responsibility for pension security, and what the implications of public-private partnerships are for the financial organisation and infrastructure of European and global financial markets, and the nation-based welfare state. The contributors, all involved in policy development in their respective countries, assess the comparative strengths and weaknesses of recent pension initiatives in the light of continuing fiscal constraints and current market instabilities. Using a tight comparative framework, the book questions assumed divisions between states and markets, as new divisions between public and private spheres of pension responsibility require new regulatory machinery to guarantee future security. This book provides a vital reference point in understanding pension security in the 21st century for academics and postgraduates in the social sciences, economics and finance, geography, politics and social policy, policy makers in OECD countries and industry professionals.

The financial issues of nonprofit organizations (NPOs) have increased their importance in recent years, especially after the last global economic downturn. In this way, NPOs have been threatened by a reduction of income, while their work and expenses have not decreased. In this book, the editors bring together several topics that the academic literature has previously addressed, connecting them to each other and evaluating how all these issues are interrelated. Financing Nonprofit Organizations analyses the state of art of all these financial topics and the consequences of the last economic crisis. It dives into the interrelations of these concepts to suggest lines of future research and to reflect on the future of the different sources of funding of the NPOs. It will be of interest to students, practitioners, and researchers interested in initiating and updating their knowledge in the growing field of the financial aspects of the NPOs.

Future pension provision is highly controversial; it juxtaposes the challenges of old age security with the exigencies of global finance. This multi-disciplinary book, of interest to political scientists, social policy academics and economists, exposes the contradictory political and financial pressures currently experienced by major western economies.

In this comprehensive reference, Roy T. Meyers provides an invaluable tool for anyone who wants to learn how the government budgeting process works, where it doesn't work, and how it can be improved. Filled with insights and wisdom from thirty-six contributors, this book presents an encyclopedic account of budgeting innovations today. Seven sections and twenty-nine chapters cover everything from current basic processes to the uncertain future of budgeting. Handbook of Government Budgeting is the definitive resource for anyone interested in the ways governments acquire and spAnd money.

Nationally and internationally respected experts such as Bob Bland, Naomi Caiden, James Chan, Philip Cooper, Larry Jones, A. Premchand, Irene Rubin, and Barry White offer the reader a full spectrum of information and ideas gleaned from a broad base of practice and research. The contributors are authorities in the fields of political science, economics, accounting, and management. They include executives, managers, analysts, consultants, and academics who have studied or worked with governments. The combined wisdom of these experts ensures the most concise, complete, and thought-provoking compilation concerning government budgeting today.

Each section of the Handbook of Government Budgeting presents multiple chapters offering different perspectives on budgetary subjects. Topics include: an overview of government budgeting; credit markets, the economy, and budget balancing; taxation in budgeting; the informational foundations of budgeting; budgeting by institutions; politics, management, and analysis in budgeting; and budgeting over time for large amounts. This comprehensive volume will prove a priceless tool to government professionals as well as professors of budgeting courses. Budgeting students and practitioners will find up-to-date information on the latest budget issues and politics in governments across federal, state, and local levels.

The teaching supplement is available directly from the author.

Interested parties should e-mail him at [email protected].

Continuing the search for greater reflectivity regarding accounting's role in society, this volume identifies the many ways accounting contributes to knowledge creation and the consequences in socio-economic realms. Accounting practice has always been concerned with fraud, legitimacy and trust. One might speculate an essential premise behind the audit of publicly held corporations is potential management deception, and thus a raison d'etre for accounting and accountability. In this volume researchers, exploring themes of deception: examine financial statement manipulation in the decade after Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), consider internal control impacts on earnings management, deliberate on the usefulness of audit opinions, and contemplate tax evasion practices and their antecedents. In contextualizing the public interest these researchers contemplate cultural distinctions, conflicts of interest, regulation, and the dynamic interfaces and divides between practitioners and academics. Envisioning the facilitation of overall enhancement of the broad community, recommendations for increasing the quality of communication between scholars and professionals is deliberated. Contributing as well to the undeniable concern for broad environmental degradation, the role of the discipline in maintaining the status quo is challenged. Rather, accounting's characterization of accountability should include attributes of socio-environmental destruction: complexity, uncertainty and diffused responsibility. These emergent accounts would inform the journey of constructing more representative accounts of technological degradation. Such imaginative emancipatory accounting would enhance decision- making, develop social well-being, and unfold new forms of knowledge and possibilities.

No greater issue than the relationship between ethics, equity, and regulation can be said to have emerged in these 'troubled times'. How can we account for continuing inequalities in an era promoting enlightened social and economic connections? What mechanisms of perceptions and politics will enable policy makers and scholars to advance significant progressive change? This volume offers diverse research examining accounting's contribution to these challenges given the profession's multifaceted roles. Authors scrutinize executive compensation packages to evaluate whether ideals of managerial power are consistent with the betterment of stakeholders. Others confront issue of gender stereotyping and describe attitudes fostering greater equality. How can US regulations improve auditor independence, enhance reporting quality, and augment responsibility are the aims of some authors, while accountability and public policy in a non-US setting is researched in another. Together, these articles work toward illuminating the role of the accounting profession as a potential change agent fostering public interest issues.

"Building on the success of Government and Not-For-Profit Accounting, 2/e, Michael Granof and Penelope Wardlow's new text, CORE CONCEPTS OF GOVERNMENT AND NOT-FOR-PROFIT ACCOUNTING presents a concise, accessible, user-oriented look at the unique features of governmental and not-for-profit accounting. The text helps students understand the "why" of accounting requirements and how financial statements may be interpreted and used by a variety of interested parties, such as future managers, bond analysts, and members of legislatures and governing boards"--

Der Autor untersucht die Auswirkungen der Wahlsiege der rechtspopulistischen Partei "Recht und Gerechtigkeit" in 2015. Sie gewann sowohl die Prasidentschafts- als auch die Parlamentswahlen in Polen und konnte als erste Partei nach 1989 ohne Koalitionspartner eine Regierung bilden. Mit geradezu revolutionarem Eifer ging sie daran, die bestehende Verfassungsordnung zu sturzen. Dieses Buch beschaftigt sich ausfuhrlich mit den Ursachen und gesellschaftlichen Hintergrunden fur diese Entwicklung und ihren Folgen fur Demokratie, Rechtsstaatlichkeit und innenpolitische Stabilitat in Polen. Es diskutiert die Konsequenzen fur die internationale Position Polens in der EU und der NATO. Der Autor halt fest, dass die Entwicklung nicht nur einen Bruch mit der Verfassungsordnung, sondern auch mit den Traditionen und politischen Werten der polnischen Rechten und der aussenpolitischen Grundlinie der Dritten Polnischen Republik darstellt.