Budgeting for the federal government is an enormously complex process. It entails dozens of sub-processes, countless rules and procedures, the efforts of tens of thousands of staff persons in the executive and legislative branches, millions of work hours each year, and the active participation of the President and the congressional leaders, as well as other members of Congress and executive officials. This book provides an introduction to the federal budget process with a focus on the executive and congressional process; points of order in the congressional budget process; and issues for the fiscal year 2013 federal budget and beyond.

The insolvency of states is by no means a rare or new phenomenon. Despite this, it still seems to be widely felt that states do not go bankrupt. As of yet, there are no regulated insolvency proceedings for states. This book examines the current mechanisms for solving sovereign debt crises. It presents an analysis of their weaknesses and shows possibilities for dealing with such crises in the future. In this respect, the work focusses on crisis resolution measures at European level: the aid packages for Greece, the European Financial Stabilisation Mechanism, the European Financial Stabilisation Facility and the European Stability Mechanism. These are examined for their appropriateness as well as whether they contain elements of insolvency law. Ultimately, it explores possible insolvency proceedings for states at EU level and their implementation options.

The first of a three-volume series on the interaction of the US and China in different regions of the world, China, the United States, and the Future of Central Asia explores the delicate balance of competing foreign interests in this resource-rich and politically tumultuous region. Editor David Denoon and his internationally renowned set of contributors assess the different objectives and strategies the U.S. and China deploy in the region and examine how the two world powers are indirectly competitive with one another for influence in Central Asia. While the US is focused on maintaining and supporting its military forces in neighboring states, China has its sights on procuring natural resources for its fast-growing economy and preventing the expansion of fundamentalist Islam inside its borders. This book covers important issues such as the creation of international gas pipelines, the challenges of building crucial transcontinental roadways that must pass through countries facing insurgencies, the efforts of the US and China to encourage and provide better security in the region, and how the Central Asian countries themselves view their role in international politics and the global economy. The book also covers key outside powers with influence in the region; Russia, with its historical ties to the many Central Asian countries that used to belong to the USSR, is perhaps the biggest international presence in the area, and other countries on the region's periphery like Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, and India have a stake in the fortunes and future of Central Asia as well. A comprehensive, original, and up-to-date collection, this book is a wide-ranging look from noted scholars at a vital part of the world which is likely to receive more attention and face greater instability as NATO forces withdraw from Afghanistan.

The most practical, authoritative guide to Federal Government auditing

Now in its second edition, "Wiley Federal Government Auditing" is authored by four CPAs who are partners at Kearney & Company, a CPA firm that specializes in providing auditing, accounting, and information technology services to the Federal Government. This single-source reference provides you with up-to-date information on applicable laws, regulations, and audit standards.

Created for both professionals and others performing Federal Government audits, this guide condenses the abundant, complex criteria for Federal Government auditing into concise, accessible topics you'll refer to frequently and presents: An easy-to-navigate format that allows you to find needed information quicklyDetailed guidance on what, why, how, and by whom Federal audits should be madeDiscussion on internal control over Federal financial reportingRecent developments in auditing standardsFederal financial statements, budgeting, accounting, and moreCoverage of the scope and work required in an audit of Federal departments and agenciesExamples of Federal auditsSeparate chapters devoted to auditing and evaluating Federal IT systems; performance audits; procurement and contract audits; and grant audits

Written in a non-technical style and complete with helpful exhibits, this guide is a "go-to" reference for government auditors, Inspectors General, public accountants, military comptrollers, legislators, state and local government auditors, budget offices, financial managers, and financial analysts. The content also applies to contractors and grantees, universities, and other nonprofits and organizations that have repeated financial dealings with the Federal Government.

Smart Regulation steht für innovative Regulierungsansätze und -formen. Die interdisziplinäre Erforschung von Smart Regulation nimmt sich der Herausforderungen und Chancen der Digitalisierung an, berücksichtigt neue Erkenntnisse zu menschlichem Verhalten und erschließt zukunftsweisende Regulierungstechniken. Der vorliegende Band führt die Beiträge zum gleichnamigen Symposium an der Universität Graz vom 2. Oktober 2020 zusammen. Behandelt werden vier Themenblöcke: Digitalisierung als Herausforderung für den Verbraucherschutz, Publizität zur Steuerung sozialen Unternehmertums, automatisiertes Entscheiden zwischen Markt und Regulierung sowie Standardbildung und -durchsetzung im Unternehmensbereich. Die hierzu eingebrachten Perspektiven aus Rechtswissenschaft, Wirtschaftswissenschaft, Psychologie, Philosophie und Theologie schaffen eine inhaltliche und methodische Grundlage für die weitere Diskussion von Smart Regulation.

A major advance toward understanding the forces that lead to inflation and unemployment, this study takes a cost-benefit approach to monetary planning. Professor Phelps views a reduction of inflation by monetary means as a social investment and argues that such an investment must be subjected to cost-benefit tests. By extending his analysis into questions of efficiency and resource allocation, he integrates the modern microeconomic theory of unemployment with the theory of optimal inflation. Another element of the analysis, the doctrine of optimum liquidity, is reassessed and found to require important revisions.

As the main overview book of the FY 2021 Budget, this volume contains the Budget Message of the President, information on the President's priorities and budget overviews by agency, and summary tables. From large corporations and small business companies interested in developing new products for specific markets to policy makers, contractors, and federal agency personnel, this reference may be the go-to-resource to have at your hands for 2021 federal spending priorities.

Chapter 1 - In accordance with the authority conferred by the Chief Financial Officers Act of 1990, GAO annually audits IRS's financial statements to determine whether (1) the financial statements are fairly presented and (2) IRS management maintained effective internal control over financial reporting. GAO also tests IRS's compliance with selected provisions of applicable laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements. Chapter 2 - GAO audits the consolidated financial statements of the U.S. government. Because of the significance of the federal debt to the government-wide financial statements, GAO audits Fiscal Service's Schedules of Federal Debt annually to determine whether, in all material respects, (1) the schedules are fairly presented and (2) Fiscal Service management maintained effective internal control over financial reporting relevant to the Schedule of Federal Debt. Further, GAO tests compliance with selected provisions of applicable laws, regulations, contracts, and grant agreements related to the Schedule of Federal Debt. The Office of Management and Budget (OMB) Circular A-136 provides agencies with the guidance for reporting financial and performance information to Congress, the President, and the American people on an annual basis. In lieu of the consolidated Performance and Accountability Report (PAR), the U.S. Department of the Treasury's (Treasury) Office of Financial Stability (OFS) has chosen to prepare a series of separate reports to provide the fiscal year 2019 financial and performance information for the Troubled Asset Relief Program (TARP) as discussed in chapter 3.

Finance departments have often been portrayed as guardians of the public purse. In The Guardian, a multidisciplinary group of contributors examines the Ministry of Finance of Ontario since the Second World War. During the last sixty years the Ministry was transformed from a relatively small 'Treasury' to a sophisticated policy machine. What started as a modest bookkeeping operation evolved into a key bureaucratic and policy agency as the government of Ontario assumed a leadership position in developing the province. These essays reveal Ontario's 'finance' as a dynamic policy issue shaped by the personalities of premiers and ministers, the energies of public servants at all levels, and a critical dialogue between political and administrative worlds. Drawing on different methodologies, this collection profiles a ministry as policy entrepreneur, spender, revenue generator, capacity builder, budget director, program manager, and intergovernmental agent. The Guardian fills a significant gap in public administration literature and in so doing describes how Ontario's Ministry of Finance defined its role as 'guardian.'

Inflation Targeting and Policy Rules is an essential book for understanding how Mexico's monetary policy has been evolving and functioning, from the beginning of the century to recent, highlighting the doctrine of policy rules and focusing on inflation targeting, both fundamental elements necessary to comprehend the operation of the main central banks of the world. The book is valuable because of its theoretical and empirical treatment applied to the policy rules and to inflation targeting, which range from their origin, criticism, development, controversies, evolution, and evaluation of the subject. It is accessible reading for anyone interested in approaching the subject of the monetary policy of a developing country. It is, without a doubt, a relevant addition to the bank of knowledge on the monetary reality of any country that has recently adopted inflation targeting and use a policy rule based on interest rate as instrument, as well as the flexible currency exchange regimen. It will become an essential source for future investigations in Mexico and other countries in similar situations. The book: Explains the analytical framework that consists of developing conditional probability as essential for rational expectations hypothesis Presents a synthetic but detailed exposure of the approach of inflation targeting, especially based on the consensus among monetary authorities in the pursuit of low and stable inflation, detailing some of the most relevant experiences as well as their main objections. Reviews the process origin-evolution of monetary policy rules, Assesses the actions of the Banco de Mexico in terms of the implementation of the approach of inflation targeting Summarizes the highlights of Mexico's monetary policy and offers conclusions The book is suitable for macroeconomics courses and courses dealing with developing economies as well as for financial professionals seeking recent and trends.

From small law offices to federal agencies, all entities within the justice system are governed by complicated economic factors and face daily financial decision-making. A complement to Strategic Finance for Criminal Justice Organizations, this volume considers the justice system from a variety of economic and financial perspectives and introduces quantitative methods designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of organizations in both the non-profit and for-profit sectors. Using only a minimum of theory, Economic and Financial Analysis for Criminal Justice Organizations demonstrates how to make decisions in the justice system using multiple financial and economic models. Designed for readers with little knowledge of advanced mathematics, quantitative analysis, or spreadsheets, the book presents examples using straightforward, step-by-step processes with Excel and Linux Calc spreadsheet software. A variety of different types of decisions are considered, ranging from municipal bond issuance and valuation necessary for public revenues, pension planning, capital investment, determining the best use of monies toward construction projects, and other resource planning, allocation, and forecasting issues. From municipalities and police departments to for-profit prisons and security firms, the quantitative methods presented are designed to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of all organizations in the justice domain.

Details THREE fundamental areas of responsibility in the annual financial management cycle: cash management-analysis of revenue sources and expenditures, cash mobilization, forecasting, and investment strategies financial planning-cost analysis techniques, budgeting, and capital resource management management control-financial, fund, budgetary, cost, and managerial accounting This reference/text focuses on the theory and practice of financial management in public organizations and local government, highlighting the planning, analysis, and control skills necessary to navigate a future of accelerated change in technology, society, politics, and economics. Examines information and decision support systems essential to sustain management processes Offering a comprehensive analysis of issues that financial managers and public administrators encounter daily in their efforts to promote more efficient and effective uses of financial resources, Financial Planning and Management in Public Organizations describes the financial planning-control continuum revenue and expenditure analysis in the public sector cash management and investment strategies budgeting as a mechanism for planning and control government responsibility for capital facilities planning techniques of financial and managerial cost accounting management information and performance evaluation systems and much more Blending prescriptive solutions with descriptive materials, Financial Planning and Management in Public Organizations is a useful reference for public administrators, financial managers, public planners, investment managers, policy analysts, public policy specialists, and political scientists, and an exceptional text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

Contains detailed information on the various appropriations and funds that constitute the budget and is designed primarily for the use of the Appropriations Committee. The Appendix contains more detailed financial information on individual programs and appropriation accounts than any of the other budget documents. It includes for each agency: the proposed text of appropriations language, budget schedules for each account, new legislative proposals, and explanations of the work to be performed and the funds needed, and proposed general provisions applicable to the appropriations of entire agencies or group of agencies. Information is also provided on certain activities whose outlays are not part of the budget totals.