The first of a three-volume series on the interaction of the US and China in different regions of the world, China, the United States, and the Future of Central Asia explores the delicate balance of competing foreign interests in this resource-rich and politically tumultuous region. Editor David Denoon and his internationally renowned set of contributors assess the different objectives and strategies the U.S. and China deploy in the region and examine how the two world powers are indirectly competitive with one another for influence in Central Asia. While the US is focused on maintaining and supporting its military forces in neighboring states, China has its sights on procuring natural resources for its fast-growing economy and preventing the expansion of fundamentalist Islam inside its borders. This book covers important issues such as the creation of international gas pipelines, the challenges of building crucial transcontinental roadways that must pass through countries facing insurgencies, the efforts of the US and China to encourage and provide better security in the region, and how the Central Asian countries themselves view their role in international politics and the global economy. The book also covers key outside powers with influence in the region; Russia, with its historical ties to the many Central Asian countries that used to belong to the USSR, is perhaps the biggest international presence in the area, and other countries on the region's periphery like Iran, Turkey, Pakistan, and India have a stake in the fortunes and future of Central Asia as well. A comprehensive, original, and up-to-date collection, this book is a wide-ranging look from noted scholars at a vital part of the world which is likely to receive more attention and face greater instability as NATO forces withdraw from Afghanistan.

A hands-on guide to the ins and outs of governmental accounting--made easy

"Governmental Accounting Made Easy," Second Edition equips you with the tools you need to run the financial and accounting operations within your organization. This complete and straightforward manual covers a broad range of governmental accounting topics that fall under the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, and its recently revised financial reporting model.

Boiling down the complicated details of governmental accounting into manageable essentials, author Warren Ruppel, a leading authority on governmental accounting, offers practical information in easy-to-understand terminology. Even if you do not have a professional understanding of accounting principles and financial reporting, the Second Edition makes it all clear with accounting rules explained in terms anyone can understand, to help you better fulfill your managerial and fiduciary duties.

Always practical and never over-technical, this helpful guide:

Discusses basic accounting terminology

Clearly explains fund accounting

Covers the nuts and bolts of governmental financial statements

Equips you to understand the reporting entity

Discusses revenues from non-exchange transactions

Helps you become conversant in various accounting topics

The recently adopted reporting model for governments resulted in a radical change in the way governmental financial statements are presented. Suitable for professional managers, budget preparers, school boards, city councils, state legislators, and comptrollers, "Governmental Accounting Made Easy," Second Edition is your essential guide for a clear, concise, understandable explanation of government finances.

The theme of this year's Economic Report of the President is "To Recover, Rebalance, and Rebuild."

The BiblioGov Project is an effort to expand awareness of the public documents and records of the U.S. Government via print publications. In broadening the public understanding of government and its work, an enlightened democracy can grow and prosper. Ranging from historic Congressional Bills to the most recent Budget of the United States Government, the BiblioGov Project spans a wealth of government information. These works are now made available through an environmentally friendly, print-on-demand basis, using only what is necessary to meet the required demands of an interested public. We invite you to learn of the records of the U.S. Government, heightening the knowledge and debate that can lead from such publications.

THE AMERICAN TAX DOLLAR & BAILOUTS

Jayson Reeves was born in Gary, Indiana and is now an author whom writes on the important subjects of government and business throughout the United States of America. Jayson's writing is based on the experience that he has established within working professionally throughout design, engineering, and as a investor and business owner. As an investor, business owner, and former partner of a civil engineering firm he has observed, and experienced the American society throughout Indiana, Illinois, Arizona, and other states. This experience with valued interest includes the work, and observation of small, large, public, private businesses, and corporations with their adjacent values to government. These business disciplines within society, and most values of government have become the foundation of his writing to enlighten the American general public.

Thanks to the professional & occupational constituents of Gary, Indiana & the U.S.A. that have a slight understanding of the HURN Foundation and Jayson Reeves the Author and those that have provided productive insight with his many business, engineering, and government ventures of experience.

Being a Municipal Officer or Municipal Official can be a challenging task in many of the small communities in Maine or any other state. Most of these positions are part time and do not draw the best of salaries. Unfortunately, there is little training and no certification requirements for these positions. In many cases, newly elected officers or elected/appointed officials depend on the past practices of their predecessors. These past practices may be OK or not OK and may not meet today's standards. The budgets are much bigger and there are more state and federal laws/regulations to comply with. In the State of Maine, the Maine Municipal Association (MMA) offers some basic training/workshops and provides legal counsel for member communities for those that choose to participate. Many are not willing to spend the time in attending these training classes/workshops.

This is the 2013 budget proposed by the President. The Budget of the United States Government, Fiscal Year 2013 contains the Budget Message of the President, information on the President's priorities, budget overviews organized by agency, and summary tables.

This is version 2 of the CFPB Supervision and Examination Manual. It is the guide examiners use in overseeing companies that provide consumer financial products and services. Originally released in October 2011, it describes how the CFPB supervises and examines these providers and gives our examiners direction on how to determine if companies are complying with consumer financial protection laws. The manual has been updated in this edition to reflect the renumbering of the consumer financial protection regulations for which the CFPB is responsible. The numbering conventions in the Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) allow the reader to easily identify which regulations fall under a particular agency's responsibility. The renumbering incorporated throughout the manual reflects the Dodd-Frank Act of 2010 transfer of rulemaking responsibility for many consumer financial protection regulations from other Federal agencies to the CFPB. In December 2011, the CFPB published its renumbered regulations in the Federal Register. The renumbered regulations also included certain technical changes but no substantive changes. The CFPB's renumbering reflects the codification of its regulations in Title 12 (Banks and Banking), Chapter X (Bureau of Consumer Financial Protection) of the CFR. For example, before July 21, 2011, the Federal Reserve had rulemaking authority for the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act, which was codified in Title 12, Chapter II (Federal Reserve System), Part 203. The CFPB's implementing regulation for the Home Mortgage Disclosure Act is now codified in Title 12, Chapter X, Part 1003. In addition to changes related to the renumbering of the CFPB regulations, the manual incorporates updated interagency examination procedures for the Truth in Lending Act (TILA) and for the Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA), both of which were revised to reflect statutory and regulatory changes. Specifically, changes to the TILA procedures include amendments to TILA and its implementing Regulation Z pursuant to the Credit Card Accountability Responsibility and Disclosure Act of 2009. Changes to the FCRA procedures include Dodd- Frank Act amendments that require the disclosure of a credit score and related information when a credit score is used in taking an adverse action or in risk-based pricing. Finally, the manual was updated to incorporate: new examination procedures released since the issuance of the manual in October 2011 (covering mortgage origination; short-term, small-dollar lending; SAFE Act; and consumer reporting); the June 21, 2012, Interagency Guidance on Mortgage Servicing Practices Concerning Military Homeowners with Permanent Change of Station Orders; and, technical corrections and formatting changes. This examination manual provides internal guidance to supervisory staff of the CFPB. It does not bind the CFPB and does not create any rights, benefits, or defenses, substantive or procedural, that are enforceable by any party in any manner. While every effort has been made to ensure accuracy, examination procedures should not be relied on as a legal reference.

Any analysis of health financing issues has to begin with sound estimates of the level and flow of resources in a health system, including total levels of spending, the sources of health expenditures, the uses of funds in terms of services purchased, and in terms of who purchases them. The analysis should also aim at understanding how these resource flows are correlated with health system outcomes, including those of improving health, reducing health inequalities, and reducing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure. National Health Accounts (NHA) provide a framework to collect, compile, and analyze such data on all types of health spending in a country and so create a robust evidence base for policy making. Although NHA data delineate the key financial metrics of a health system, the collection of these data have not been institutionalized in most developing countries. The root problems are often the same: insufficient resources to collect, collate, analyze and produce information on spending; poor development of health and other information systems; low levels of local capacity to interpret information to meet policy needs; and inadequate demand for data within countries. Furthermore, in many low- and middle-income countries, NHA activities have been conducted as ad hoc, donor-driven initiatives. Since 2008, the World Bank has been coordinating a global initiative to identify bottlenecks to the institutionalization of NHA, and to learn lessons in countries at different stages on the journey towards this institutionalization. The focus has been less on the production of NHA and more on its relevance as a tool to enable policy makers develop and implement evidence-based decisions, and better measure the impact of health reforms, especially those related to health financing. This report has been developed through a consultative process, involving experts and policy makers from more than fifty low-, middle- and high-income countries, large and small, in all corners of the world, development partners and World Bank staff globally. The report represents a synthesis of lessons learned from country experiences and is intended to serve as a strategic guide to countries and their development partners as they design and implement their strategy to develop nationally relevant and internationally comparable data, collected in a routine and cost-effective manner."

This book is the most comprehensive collection available explaining what the military industrial complex (MIC) is, where it comes from, what damage it does, what further destruction it threatens, and what can be done and is being done to chart a different course.

Book Description Advance Warning, The Rise of Individualism "Advance Warning" What happened to all the jobs? What happened to all the prosperity Americans enjoyed? What is needed to get it all back? In Advance Warning, the background is presented, the cause is identified and a solution is advocated which will restore the American dollar and buying power to the American people and achieve prosperity. Advance Warning provides a unique analysis, de-mystifies economics, provides insightful observations and advocates the common sense solution to return to the days of prosperity means to return to the traditional policies of prosperity. The traditional policies of prosperity restore and regain profit in America, revitalize ongoing economic activity, increase economic growth and increased profit not only for benefit of the American people but also for the wealthy elitists and resolves the Federal debt crisis for the bankers and the politicians. America needs to abandon the income tax system completely and return to the collecting taxes off of foreigners that are importing products into the United States. Taxing the imports (called a tariff) would not only provide the needed funds for the national debt, provide more disposable income to Americans but also would level the playing field with foreign importers allowing American industries to come back. Also the property rights, minerals, gas, oil and other natural resources which by state statutes in the 1970's became owned, regulated and operated by state agencies need to be accounted for and begin to get credited to the American people. These credits could be applied to pay the electric bill for all Americans. Immediately commence rebuilding the electrical grids, placing all distribution cables underground. Underground cables are safer, protected from the elements and eliminates the blot on the landscape of telephone poles and wires from the view of our beautiful country. Configuring mini-grids to distribute electricity to self-sufficient local communities, avoiding the inefficient mega grids. Such actions will immediately cause a shock wave of prosperity in United States and can be accomplished with respecting the ownership of capital and wealth of private individuals. This book is an eye-opener that provides insights and a clear understanding of the reality of our society, a commitment to the rights of the individual, to preserve our way of life, respect individual ownership of capital our individual pursuits of life, liberty and happiness for generations to come. This book is of maximum importance because our society otherwise is fundamentally changing and our way of life is going to be radically different and if we know the beginnings of our society, western civilization, then we can better prepare ourselves for what is coming. This book provides an outline of the beginnings of western civilization that illustrates our genuine Judeo/Christian heritage. And, maybe we can help steer it for the better. Our country is at a crossroads. We need to draw on creative ways to respond and restore America. This book provides the history, the cause and solutions. Neither fancy economical bookwork or technological advancements, information technology, computers/robotics will not save us, only the Lord can save us, if the nation fails to discuss and resolve these issues, our country, and western civilization faces collapse.

The Wealth of Nations is a clearly written account of economics at the dawn of the Industrial Revolution. The work was a landmark work in the history and economics as it was comprehensive and an accurate characterization of the economic mechanisms at work in modern economics. Smith believed in a Meritocracy. Smith emphasized the advancement that one could take based on their will to better themselves. This is simply one of the most important books ever written on the subject of economics. All five books are included here.

Adam Smith revolutionized economic theory with his 1776 work An Inquiry to the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations. He proposed rules governing labor, supply, and demand; and describes division of labor, stockpiling of wealth, lending, and interest. Smith also discusses how economies lead to opulence. Wealth of Nations also offers a defense for free-market capitalism. This edition of Wealth of Nations is an abridged version edited by Harvard economics professor CHARLES JESSE BULLOCK (1869-1941) and published in 1901 by Harvard Classics, a series that offered the essential readings for anyone who wanted the functional equivalent of a liberal arts education. Any student of economics should be familiar with the concepts and laws that Smith developed, as much of economic theory is still based upon his work. Scottish economist and philosopher ADAM SMITH (1723-1790) helped set standards in the fields of political economics and moral philosophy, playing a key role in the early development of the scholarship of economics. His other writings include Essays on Philosophical Subjects.

For at least two decades, it was believed that making managers into owners could ameliorate many agency conflicts existing in capital markets settings. In fact, it now appears that managerial ownership of stock itself may encourage earnings manipulations. In this study, we show that CEO insider trading, earnings manipulations, and the ability to meet and exceed market benchmarks are all interrelated. Managers manipulate earnings to exceed analyst earnings forecasts. Additionally, managerial insider selling increases with performance relative to analyst forecasts, and is magnified by stock option holdings. Insider selling is more intense among managers who have used earnings manipulations to exceed forecasts. Additionally, managers who sell following the announcement of an earnings surprise are able to earn abnormal profits. Firms having both positive earnings surprises and insider selling exhibit lower subsequent accounting performance. This study is of interest to academics, practitioners who are interested in the finer mechanisms of markets, and advanced finance students, alike.