The leading professional guide to RF and microwave safety issues
A practical handbook for all involved in electronic design and safety assessment, RF and Microwave Radiation Safety covers the problems of RF safety management, including the use of measuring instruments and methods, radiation hazards and risks resulting from electromagnetic interference, as well as reviewing current safety standards and the implications for RF design.

The second edition takes into account a wide range of technical and legislative changes, and has been revised in line with the latest EU and international standards. Issues raised by increasing levels of microwave pollution from mobile phones and other sources are also confronted.
New material covers:
* International Radiological Protection Commission (IRPC): new recommendations published in 1998
* European Broadcasting Union (EBU)'s new guide
* EU Physical Agents Directive and Machines Directive (both of which cover radio transmitters)
* UK National Radiological Protection Board (UKNRPB) new guidance on safety levels

Covers radiation hazards and risks resulting from electromagnetic interference
Leading professional guide to RF and microwave safety issues
Revised in line with the latest the EU and international standards

This text describes the design and theory of continuous-time sigma-delta modulators for analogue-to-digital conversion in radio receivers. The book's main focus is on dynamic range, linearity and power efficiency aspects of sigma-delta modulators, which are very important requirements for use in battery operated receivers.

This practical new resource gives you a comprehensive understanding of the design and deployment of transmission networks for wireless applications. From principles and design, to equipment procurement, project management, testing, and operation, it's a practical, hands-on engineering guide with numerous real-life examples of turn-key operations in the wireless networking industry. This book, written for both technical and non-technical professionals, helps you deal with the costs and difficulties involved in setting up the local access with technologies that are still in the evolutionary stage.

Software Defined Radio makes wireless communications easier, more efficient, and more reliable. This book bridges the gap between academic research and practical implementation. When beginning a project, practicing engineers, technical managers, and graduate students can save countless hours by considering the concepts presented in these pages.The author covers the myriad options and trade-offs available when selecting an appropriate hardware architecture.As demonstrated here, the choice between hardware- and software-centric architecture can mean the difference between meeting an aggressive schedule and bogging down in endless design iterations.Because of the author's experience overseeing dozens of failed and successful developments, he is able to present many real-life examples.Some of the key concepts covered are: Choosing the right architecture for the market - laboratory, military, or commercial, Hardware platforms - FPGAs, GPPs, specialized and hybrid devices, Standardization efforts to ensure interoperability and portabilitym State-of-the-art components for radio frequency, mixed-signal, and baseband processing.

The text requires only minimal knowledge of wireless communications; whenever possible, qualitative arguments are used instead of equations.An appendix provides a quick overview of wireless communications and introduces most of the concepts the readers will need to take advantage of the material.An essential introduction to SDR, this book is sure to be an invaluable addition to any technical bookshelf."

Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID) is an automatic identification method, relying on storing and remotely retrieving data using devices called RFID tags or transponders. An RFID tag is a small object that can be attached to or incorporated into a product, animal or person. RFID tag contains antenna to enable it to receive and respond to Radio-Frequency (RF) queries from an RFID reader or interrogator. Passive tags require no internal power source, whereas active tags require a power source. As of today (2005), the ubiquitous computing and ambient intelligence ideas are making their way. In order for these to become a reality, a number of key technologies are required. Briey, these technologies need to be sensitive, responsive, interconnected, contextualised, transparent and intelligent. RFID is such a technology and more particularly passive RFID tags. But, in order to deliver the necessary characteristics that could trigger ambient intelligence, there are some challenges that need to be addressed. Remote powering of the tags is probably the most important. that allows the RF signal to be converted to Direct Current (DC) are in pole position. Secondly, the communication link and the reader should be optimized. The RF signal that contains the tag data suffers from a power of four decay with the distance between tag and reader. As a result, both the reader sensitivity and the tag backscattered power efficiency have to be maximized. Long-range powering, as well as sufficient communication quality, are the guidelines of this work. This research project proposes a linear two-port model for an N-stage modified-Greinacher full wave rectifier. It predicts the overall conversion efficiency at low power levels where the diodes are operating near their threshold voltage. The output electrical behavior of the rectifier is calculated as a function of the received power and the antenna parameters. Moreover, the two-port parameters values are computed for particular input voltages and output currents for the complete N-stage rectifier circuit using only the measured I-V and C-V characteristics of a single diode. impedance modulation at the tag side affects the signal at the reader. The method allows the tag designer to efficiently predict the effect of modulator design at system level and gives an useful instrument to choose the most appropriate impedances. Finally, the design of a fully integrated remotely powered and addressable RFID tag working at 2.45 GHz is described. The achieved operating range at 4 W Effective Isotropically Radiated Power (EIRP) reader transmit power is 12 m. The Integrated Circuit (IC) is implemented in a 0.5 silicon-on-sapphire technology. A state of the art rectifier design achieving 37 per cent of global efficiency is embedded to supply energy to the transponder. Inductive matching and a folded-dipole antenna are key elements to achieve these performances. Thenecessary input power to operate the transponder is about 2.7.

The broadband wireless communications field is growing at an explosive rate, stimulated by a host of important emerging applications ranging from 3G, 4G and wireless LAN. Wideband CDMA and CDMA2000 will be used for 3G. OFDM+CDMA might be a good choice for 4G, CDMA overlay will possibly be used for new-generation broadband wireless LAN. For system planners and designers, the projections of rapidly escalating demand for such wireless services present major challenges and meeting these challenges will require sustained technical innovation on many fronts. The text of this book has been developed through years of research by the author and his graduate students at the University of Hong Kong. The aim of this book is to provide a R&D perspective on the field of broadband wireless communications by describing the recent research developments in this area and also by identifying key directions in which further research is needed. As a background, I presume that the reader has a thorough understanding of digital communications and spread spectrum/CDMA. The book is arranged into 13 chapters. In chapter 1, some key specifications of 3G WCDMA are described and discussed. These techniques include channel coding, rate matching, modulation and spreading, power control, cell search, transmit diversity, soft-handoff, and so son. In Chapter 2, the coherent RAKE reception of Wideband CDMA signals with complex spreading is considered. A dedicated pilot channel, which is separate from data channels, is used for the purpose of channel estimation.

This book is not only an essential read for every professional working with antique radio and gramophone equipment, but also dealers, collectors and valve technology enthusiasts the world over.
The emphasis is firmly on the practicalities of repairing and restoring, so technical content is kept to a minimum, and always explained in a way that can be followed by readers with no background in electronics. Those who have a good grounding in electronics, but wish to learn more about the practical aspects, will benefit from the emphasis given to hands-on repair work, covering mechanical as well as electrical aspects of servicing. Repair techniques are also illustrated throughout.
This book is an expanded and updated version of Chas Miller's classic Practical Handbook of Valve Radio Repair. Full coverage of valve amplifiers will add to its appeal to all audio enthusiasts who appreciate the sound quality of valve equipment.
A practical manual for collectors, owners, dealers and service engineers
Essential information for all radio and audio enthusiasts
Valve technology is a hot topic

The Sixth Conference on Ultra-Wideband, Short-Pulse Electromagnetics (UWB SP6), chaired by Eric Mokole of the United States Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) and hosted by the NRL and the United States Naval Academy (USNA), was held at the USNA in Annapolis Maryland (USA) from 3-7 June 2002. UWB SP6 was part of the AMEREM 2002 Symposium, chaired by Terence Wieting of the NRL. AMEREM 2002 continued the series of international conferences that were held in: Brooklyn New York at the Polytechnic University in 1992 and 1994; Albuquerque New Mexico in 1996 as part of AMEREM '96; Tel-Aviv Israel in 1998 as part of EUROEM '98; and Edinburgh Scotland in 2000 as part of EUROEM 2000. The next conference (UWB SP7) will be held from 12-16 July 2004 at Otto von Guericke University in Magdeburg Germany (EUROEM 2004) and will be chaired by Frank Sabath. The purpose of these meetings is: to focus on advanced technologies for the generation, radiation, and detection of ultrawideband (UWB) short-pulse signals, taking into account their propagation about, scattering from, and coupling to targets and media of interest; to report on developments in supporting mathematical and numerical methods; and to describe current and potential future applications of the technology. The session topics of UWB-SP6 included electromagnetic theory, scattering, UWB antennas, UWB systems, ground penetrating radar (GPR), pulsed, . power generation, time-domain computational electromagnetics, UWB compatibility, target detection and discrimination, propagation through dispersive media, and wavelet and multi-resolution techniques.

Providing access to information on RDS technology, specifications and implementation, this text uses a step-by-step approach to overview the background, techniques, capabilities and limits of these systems. It references and explains enhancements to RDS and RDS-TMC technology and includes a description of RDS-TMC and its implementation as pursued by the European Commission; a discussion solution-enhancing alternative radio data systems; and information about RDS implementation held by the European Broadcasting Union (EBU) and the RDS reform.

This authoritative book focuses on the vital aspects of cellular radio system modeling and performance analysis.

This book deals with the SLF/ELF wave propagation, an important branch of electromagnetic theory. The SLF/ELF wave propagation theory is well applied in earthquake electromagnetic radiation, submarine communication, thunderstorm detection, and geophysical prospecting and diagnostics. The propagation of SLF/ELF electromagnetic waves is introduced in various media like the earth-ionospheric waveguide, ionospheric plasma, sea water, earth, and the boundary between two different media or the stratified media. Applications in the earthquake electromagnetic radiation and the submarine communications are also addressed. This book is intended for scientists and engineers in the fields of radio propagation and EM theory and applications.
Prof. Pan is a professor at China Research Institute of Radiowave Propagation in Qingdao (China).
Dr. Li is a professor at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou (China).

Third generation networks have been specified and are now being deployed in a few countries. They are expected to reach maturity in the next several years and to provide various services including audio, video, and world wide web browsing. Furthermore, radio terminals are expected to be integrated in a number of devices such as personal computers, personal digital assistants, and even television sets. Such a wide-usage of radio mandates ongoing research to address design of networks with high capacity while providing acceptable quality of service. Included in Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications: Volume 6 are new results on the optimization of protocols in third generation systems. The radio channel is dynamically shared among several users using packet access, it must adapt to a varying number of users and accomodate various services. Several chapters deal with radio resource management and packet access both in second and third generation systems. The book also considers the performance of low layer protocols (MAC/RLC) and transport protocols (e.g., TCP) when they are combined to offer data services. IPv6 will probably be an in-use network protocol in the near future. It must efficiently manage mobility and support multimedia flows. Wireless internet is an important area and related topics are included in this book. The improvement of the network performance relies on a sophisticated and optimized physical layer. The book includes studies on joint multiple access detection, MIMO systems, use of turbo-codes and methods to improve the analysis of the channel capacity. The book also covers location management, handoff optimization, multi-hop networks andnetwork management. Mobility and Teletraffic for Wireless Communications: Volume 6 is an important book for researchers, students and professionals working in the area of wireless communications and mobile computing.

The first two international conferences on Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Short-Pulse (SP) Electromagnetics were held at Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York in 1992 and 1994. Their purpose was to focus on advanced technologies for generating, radiating, and detecting UWB, SP signals, on mathematical methods, their propagation and scattering, and on current as well as potential future applications. The success of these two conferences led to the desirability of scheduling a third conference. Impetus was provided by the electromagnetics community and discussions led by Carl Baum and Larry Carin resulted in the suggestion that the UWB conferences be moved around, say to government laboratories such as Phillips Laboratory. Consequently the decision was made by the Permanent HPEM Committee to expand AMEREM '96 to include the Third Ultra-Wide Band, Short-Pulse (UWB, SP 3) with the Third Unexploded Ordnance Detec tion and Range Remediation Conference (UXO) and the HPEMINEM Conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico during the period May 27-31, 1996. Planning is now underway for EUROEM '98 in June, 1998 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Joseph Shiloh is the conference chairman. A fourth UWB, SP meeting is planned as a part of this conference and Ehud Heyman will coordinate this part of the meeting. The papers which appear in this volume, the third in the UWB, SP series, update subject areas from the earlier UWB, SP conferences. These topics include pulse generation and detection, antennas, pulse propagation, scattering theory, signal processing, broadband electronic systems, and buried targets."

Coded Modulation Systems is an introduction to the subject of coded modulation in digital communication. It is designed for classroom use and for anyone wanting to learn the ideas behind this modern kind of coding. Coded modulation is signal encoding that takes into account the nature of the channel over which it is used. Traditional error correcting codes work with bits and add redundant bits in order to correct transmission errors. In coded modulation, continuous time signals and their phases and amplitudes play the major role. The coding can be seen as a patterning of these quantities. The object is still to correct errors, but more fundamentally, it is to conserve signal energy and bandwidth at a given error performance. The book divides coded modulation into three major parts. Trellis coded modulation (TCM) schemes encode the points of QAM constellations; lattice coding and set-partition techniques play major roles here. Continuous-phase modulation (CPM) codes encode the signal phase, and create constant envelope RF signals. The partial-response signaling (PRS) field includes intersymbol interference problems, signals generated by real convolution, and signals created by lowpass filtering. In addition to these topics, the book covers coding techniques of several kinds for fading channels, spread spectrum and repeat-request systems. The history of the subject is fully traced back to the formative work of Shannon in 1949. Full explanation of the basics and complete homework problems make the book ideal for self-study or classroom use.

This work brings together a global overview of the technological and commercial issues associated with all cellular radio systems worldwide, both analogue and digital. It provides the tools to update any system, shows how to implement mobiles and base stations, and gives a thorough understanding of the of future expansion capability GSM has as a network.

Designers of wireless networks face a problem which is multidimensional in nature, where issues of multiaccess, radio propagation, antennas, mobility and teletraffic all need to be understood and simultaneously addressed in order to create a properly functioning system. This book does not merely concentrate on one of these issues but takes a broader view, and presents a mix of papers addressing systems and networking issues. Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic: Advances in Wireless Networks addresses fundamental theoretical issues about future wireless networks, such as capacity improvements theoretically attainable from spread spectrum systems, and practical concerns associated with current networks such as signalling, implementation of GSM and CDMA networks, and implementation of packet data services over wireless networks. As well as the papers looking at specific technologies, this book contains a number of papers discussing more generic problems in mobile networks, such as issues associated with handoff, resource management, frequency reuse, mobility, signalling and wireless packet networks. Multiaccess, Mobility and Teletraffic: Advances in Wireless Networks covers a broad range of issues associated with wireless networks and provides a very interesting snapshot of the current state-of-the-art. It will be of interest to all researchers and practitioners working in the field of wireless communications and networks.

This book covers the fundamental principles behind the design of ultra-low power radios and how they can form networks to facilitate a variety of applications within healthcare and environmental monitoring, since they may operate for years off a small battery or even harvest energy from the environment. These radios are distinct from conventional radios in that they must operate with very constrained resources and low overhead. This book provides a thorough discussion of the challenges associated with designing radios with such constrained resources, as well as fundamental design concepts and practical approaches to implementing working designs. Coverage includes integrated circuit design, timing and control considerations, fundamental theory behind low power and time domain operation, and network/communication protocol considerations.

Over the last two decades, mobile telecommunications has grown dramatically, from a small niche technology to a massive industry. Mobile telephones are now ubiquitous, and the divisions between PCs, PDAs, mobile telephones and other mobile devices are becoming increasingly blurred. Against this background, the security of information of both the devices themselves, and the information handled by these devices, is becoming ever more important. Security for Mobility pulls together up to the minute research from an international group of academics and professionals working in industry. The main text of the book is divided into five parts - underlying technologies; network security; mobile code issues; application security; and the future. Each chapter of the book is the collaboration of different authors, including many of the leading European experts currently working within the field. Thus each chapter is self-contained and can be read independently, although there are many relationships between the various chapters. The book will be of interest to engineers and computer scientists working in security-related aspects of the communications, computing and telecommunications industries, as well as postgraduate students and academics working within these fields.

Wireless Personal Communications: Advances in Coverage and Capacity present a broad range of topics in wireless communications. The majority of the chapters are relevant to creating higher capacity (spectrally efficient) systems with greater coverage. Topics include adaptive antenna array measurements and algorithm comparisons, Cellular Digital Packet Data deployment guidelines, speech coding techniques, wireless system design methodology, and propagation measurements in hostile or previously unexplored channels. Wireless Personal Communications: Advances in Coverage and Capacity is organized into three sections. Section I covers novel wireless systems and hardware and focuses on adaptive arrays, wireless hardware methodology, and deployment guidelines for CDPD among other topics. Section II focuses on Code Division Multiple Access (CMDA) and DSP techniques, both of which are used to facilitate more efficient utilization of the spectrum under adverse channel conditions. This section includes techniques for mitigating interference and multipath. Section III deals with propagation and system design issues. Propagation measurements are presented and include results for the channel characteristics at the New York Mercantile Exchange with closely packed people and hostile electromagnetic interference, to measurements of concrete slabs. Wireless Personal Communications: Advances in Coverage and Capacity serves as an excellent reference source and may be used as a text for advanced courses on the subject.

This text is designed for workers in the field and professional engineers, as well as radio equipment manufacturers involved in the design and planning of mobile networks. It is suitable for university text adoption in mobile networks courses. The text follows a logical progression through the physical aspects of radio propagation (including noise, shadowing, and fading) to the traffic management issues of radio data networks. A clear, comprehensive analysis presenting new and recent results on performance and spectrum efficiency of narrowband mobile networks.

Wireless Communication Using Dual Antenna Arrays is based on award-winning research conducted at the University of California, Berkeley. The information in this book will be vital to practicing engineers, industrial researchers, scientists, graduate and postgraduate researchers, and others working in the wireless communications field-in short, all of those who want to learn about the exciting new paradigm of dual-antenna arrays.Wireless Communication Using Dual Antenna Arrays takes the reader beyond the wide deployment of smart antennas to explore the use of antenna arrays at both ends of the wireless link. Dual-antenna arrays will become a key technology for future wireless systems, providing enormous capacity increases that will enable high-speed mobile Internet access, enhanced-capacity wireless local loops, wireless high-definition video transport, and other exciting applications.The theory of dual-antenna array systems is not a straightforward extension of the existing theory of single antenna-to-multiple antenna communications. Wireless Communication Using Dual Antenna Arrays treats several key topics in depth, including signal propagation, transmit power allocation, information-theoretic channel capacity, and coding and decoding techniques. The book details the present state of the art, the future direction, and the implementation of dual-array systems. Important research describing how to exploit, rather than mitigate, multipath fading effects is presented. Wireless Communication Using Dual Antenna Arrays is an essential reference tool for engineers and researchers working in the wireless area. It may also be used as a text in advanced undergraduate and graduate courses onwireless communications. A basic knowledge of signal processing, linear system theory, digital communications, and information theory is assumed.

Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design focuses on the issues behind the development of a high-bandwidth, silicon complementary metal-oxide silicon (CMOS) low-power transceiver system for mobile RF wireless data communications. In the design of any RF communications system, three distinct factors must be considered: the propagation environment in question, the multiplexing and modulation of user data streams, and the complexity of hardware required to implement the desired link. None of these can be allowed to dominate. Coupling between system design and implementation is the key to simultaneously achieving high bandwidth and low power and is emphasized throughout the book. The material presented in Low-Power CMOS Wireless Communications: A Wideband CDMA System Design is the result of broadband wireless systems research done at the University of California, Berkeley. The wireless development was motivated by a much larger collaborative effort known as the Infopad Project, which was centered on developing a mobile information terminal for multimedia content - a wireless network computer'. The desire for mobility, combined with the need to support potentially hundreds of users simultaneously accessing full-motion digital video, demanded a wireless solution that was of far lower power and higher data rate than could be provided by existing systems. That solution is the topic of this book: a case study of not only wireless systems designs, but also the implementation of such a link, down to the analog and digital circuit level.

This book describes innovative design solutions for radio-frequency identification (RFID) tags and antennas. Focusing mainly on passive ultra-high-frequency (UHF)-RFID tag antennas, it examines novel approaches based on the use of metamaterial-inspired resonators and other resonant structures as radiating elements. It also offers an exhaustive analysis of the radiation properties of several metamaterial-inspired resonators such as the split ring resonator (SRR) and related structures. Further, it discusses in detail an innovative technology for the RFID tagging of optical discs, which has demonstrated a significant improvement over the state of the art and resulted in a patent. By covering the entire research cycle of theory, design/simulation and fabrication/evaluation of RFID tags and antennas, while also reporting on cutting-edge technologies, the book provides graduate students, researchers and practitioners alike with a comprehensive and timely overview of RFID systems, and a closer look at several radiating structures.

Access to Mobile Services focuses on methods for accessing broadcast based M-services from multiple wireless channels. This book presents a novel infrastructure that provides a multi-channel broadcast framework for mobile users to effectively discover and access composite M-services. Multi-channel algorithms are proposed for efficiently accessing composite services.

Access to Mobile Services provides an in-depth survey of wireless data access and motivates the need to treat mobile services differently. A wireless adaptation of Service Oriented Architecture (SOA) is also covered.

Designed for researchers and practitioners who work in the general area of mobile services, this book is also suitable for advanced-level students in computer science.

Forewords by:
Michael P. Papazoglou, Tilburg University, The Netherlands
Fabio Casati, University of Trento, Italy