The radio-frequency environment has an obvious and direct influence on the performance of electronic systems that depend upon the transfer of energy through space for their operation. Examples of such systems include radio communications, radio navigation, radar, and commercial AM, FM, and television broadcast systems. Less obvious, but nonetheless significant, is the influence the radio-frequency environment can have on electronic systems that ostensibly do not depend on the transfer of energy through space, for example, the degradation caused by electromagnetic fields generated by citizens band radios, radars, lightning, power lines, and electrostatic discharges on the performance of computers, process control equipments, automotive elec tronics and biomedical instrumentation. The beneficial and deleterious effects of man-made and naturally occurring electromagnetic fields on biological systems, including human beings, although little understood at present, may have more important long-term consequences than upon in the operation of equipment. As the radio-frequency environment evolves with the progression of the electronic age, the necessity to monitor, measure, and characterize it assumes greater importance. The purpose of this book is to provide, in a single self contained volume, the necessary background and methodology needed to execute a survey of the RF environment. We have included representative data on natural and man-made ambients in a variety of settings, wave propagation fundamentals, instrumentation descriptions, survey procedures, and data ana lysis techniques. Much experimental effort has been expended during this century to es tablish an adequate body of knowledge on the radio-frequency environment."

This work presents important new insights into how various components and systems evolved. Premised on the idea that one cannot know a science without knowing its history, "History of Wireless" offers a lively new treatment that introduces previously unacknowledged pioneers and developments, setting a new standard for understanding the evolution of this important technology. Starting with the background - magnetism, electricity, light, and Maxwell's Electromagnetic Theory - this book offers new insights into the initial theory and experimental exploration of wireless. In addition to the well-known contributions of Maxwell, Hertz, and Marconi, it examines work done by Heaviside, Tesla, and passionate amateurs such as the Kentucky melon farmer Nathan Stubblefield and the unsung hero Antonio Meucci. Looking at the story from mathematical, physics, technical, and other perspectives, the clearly written text describes the development of wireless within a vivid scientific milieu. "History of Wireless" also goes into other key areas, including: The work of J. C. Bose and J. A. Fleming; German, Japanese, and Soviet contributions to physics and applications of electromagnetic oscillations and waves; Wireless telegraphic and telephonic development and attempts to achieve transatlantic wireless communications; Wireless telegraphy in South Africa in the early twentieth century; Antenna development in Japan: past and present; Soviet quasi-optics at near-mm and sub-mm wavelengths; The evolution of electromagnetic waveguides; and, The history of phased array antennas. Augmenting the typical, Marconi-centered approach, "History of Wireless" fills in the conventionally accepted story with attention to more specific, less-known discoveries and individuals, and challenges traditional assumptions about the origins and growth of wireless. This allows for a more comprehensive understanding of how various components and systems evolved. Written in a clear tone with a broad scientific audience in mind, this exciting and thorough treatment is sure to become a classic in the field.

The first two international conferences on Ultra-Wideband (UWB), Short-Pulse (SP) Electromagnetics were held at Polytechnic University, Brooklyn, New York in 1992 and 1994. Their purpose was to focus on advanced technologies for generating, radiating, and detecting UWB, SP signals, on mathematical methods, their propagation and scattering, and on current as well as potential future applications. The success of these two conferences led to the desirability of scheduling a third conference. Impetus was provided by the electromagnetics community and discussions led by Carl Baum and Larry Carin resulted in the suggestion that the UWB conferences be moved around, say to government laboratories such as Phillips Laboratory. Consequently the decision was made by the Permanent HPEM Committee to expand AMEREM '96 to include the Third Ultra-Wide Band, Short-Pulse (UWB, SP 3) with the Third Unexploded Ordnance Detec tion and Range Remediation Conference (UXO) and the HPEMINEM Conference in Albuquerque, New Mexico during the period May 27-31, 1996. Planning is now underway for EUROEM '98 in June, 1998 in Tel Aviv, Israel. Joseph Shiloh is the conference chairman. A fourth UWB, SP meeting is planned as a part of this conference and Ehud Heyman will coordinate this part of the meeting. The papers which appear in this volume, the third in the UWB, SP series, update subject areas from the earlier UWB, SP conferences. These topics include pulse generation and detection, antennas, pulse propagation, scattering theory, signal processing, broadband electronic systems, and buried targets."

Radiowave Propagation in Communications was written with two basic objec tives: (l) to present an up-to-date review of the major radiowave propagation phenomena which hinder reliable space communications, and (2) to describe how these propagation phenomena affect the design and performance of satellite communications systems. Earth-orbiting satellites are employed extensively for the relay of information in a vast array of telecommunications, meteorological, government, and sci entific applications. Satellite systems rely on the transmission of radiowaves to and from the satellite and are dependent on the propagation characteristics of the transmission path, primarily the earth's atmosphere. Radiowave propagation thus plays a very important part in the design and ultimate performance of space communications systems. This book presents, for the first time, the meshing in a single publication of the fundamentals of radiowave propagation factors with a discussion of the practical consequences of these factors on satellite communications systems. Two major subfie1ds are involved in this book. Radiowave propagation, which is basically applied electromagnetic theory, provides the theory and an alytical tools for the first several chapters. Later chapters then apply propagation effects to the field of electrical engineering involved with satellite communi cations. The material progresses from the essential aspects of radiowave prop agation to the application of practical methods and techniques in the design and performance of satellite communications systems."

The purpose of the Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics Conference series is to focus on advanced technologies for the generation, radiation and detection of ultra-wideband short pulse signals, taking into account their propagation and scattering from and coupling to targets of interest. This Conference series reports on developments in supporting mathematical and numerical methods and presents current and potential future applications of the technology. Ultra-Wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 8 is based on the American Electromagnetics 2006 conference held from June 3-7 in Albuquerque, New Mexico. Topical areas covered in this volume include pulse radiation and measurement, scattering theory, target detection and identification, antennas, signal processing, and communications.

In this book, the author addresses technologies that are being used in emerging cellular markets. These include GSM/EGPRS and CDMA which are being deployed at a rapid pace, while technologies such as UMTS (3G)/ HSPA (3.5G) which have started to find a place in these high growth markets, are also considered. The book examines other technologies including LTE (3.9G) which have already moved out of research labs into the commercial world. 2G-CDMA is widely used, while further developments, e.g. CDMA2000 are also finding acceptance in the commercial arena. IMS/Convergence is increasingly popular all over the world; UMA, which is deployed mostly in North America; and DVB which is gaining worldwide popularity, especially in South Asia, are all reviewed.

Each chapter discusses a different technology and is structured into three parts. The technology is examined at an overview level, first explaining what the technology is and then considering the technical features of the technology. The chapter concludes by looking at the planning/implementation aspects of the technology.

Key Features: Useful for all cellular industry professionals as provides an overview of the currently deployed technologies in mass scale, and the forthcoming technologies that are expected to make an impact in the future, such as 4th Generation Cellular Networks. One of the first books on the market to encompass all the major cellular technologies, as well as considering the design and implementation perspective.

Wireless Technology will play a key role in uplifting the economies of the Emerging countries globally." Ashok Chandra, Wireless Advisor to Govt. of India"

This book offers an extensive analysis of Woolf's engagement with science. It demonstrates that science is integral to the construction of identity in Woolf's novels of the 1930s and 1940s, and identifies a little-explored source for Woolf's scientific knowledge: BBC scientific radio broadcasts. By analyzing this unstudied primary material, it traces the application of scientific concepts to questions of identity and highlights a single concept that is shared across multiple disciplines in the modernist period: the idea that modern science undermined individualized conceptions of the self. It broadens our understanding of the relationship between modernism and radio, modernism and science, and demonstrates the importance of science to Woolf's later novels.

Practical Guide Provides Students and Industry Professionals with Latest Information on 5G Mobile Networks Continuing the tradition established in his previous publications, Jyrki Penttinen offers 5G Explained as a thorough yet concise introduction to recent advancements and growing trends in mobile telecommunications. In this case, Penttinen focuses on the development and employment of 5G mobile networks and, more specifically, the challenges inherent in adjusting to new global standardization requirements and in maintaining a high level of security even as mobile technology expands to new horizons. The text discusses, for example, the Internet of Things (IoT) and how to keep networks reliable and secure when they are constantly accessed by many different devices with varying levels of user involvement and competence. 5G Explained is primarily designed for specialists who need rapid acclimation to the possibilities and concerns presented by 5G adoption. Therefore, it assumes some prior knowledge of mobile communications. However, earlier chapters are structured so that even relative newcomers will gain useful information. Other notable features include: Three modules each consisting of three chapters: Introduction, Technical Network Description and Planning of Security and Deployment Comprehensive coverage of topics such as technical requirements for 5G, network architecture, radio and core networks and services/applications Discussion of specific security techniques in addition to common-sense guidelines for planning, deploying, managing and optimizing 5G networks 5G Explained offers crucial updates for anyone involved in designing, deploying or working with 5G networks. It should prove a valuable guide for operators, equipment manufacturers and other professionals in mobile equipment engineering and security, network planning and optimization, and mobile application development, or anyone looking to break into these fields.

CMOS technology has now reached a state of evolution, in terms of both frequency and noise, where it is becoming a serious contender for radio frequency (RF) applications in the GHz range. Cutoff frequencies of about 50 GHz have been reported for 0.18 m CMOS technology, and are expected to reach about 100 GHz when the feature size shrinks to 100 nm within a few years. This translates into CMOS circuit operating frequencies well into the GHz range, which covers the frequency range of many of today's popular wireless products, such as cell phones, GPS (Global Positioning System) and Bluetooth. Of course, the great interest in RF CMOS comes from the obvious advantages of CMOS technology in terms of production cost, high-level integration, and the ability to combine digital, analog and RF circuits on the same chip. This book discusses many of the challenges facing the CMOS RF circuit designer in terms of device modeling and characterization, which are crucial issues in circuit simulation and design.

An overwhelming development has taken place in voice and data communication over the last twenty years as the industry evolved from fixed to mobile and wireless communication. This development is supported with new technologies and evolving networks from the first generation (1G), 2G, 3G and the fourth generation (4G) mobile wireless communications. During this evolution and revolution in telecommunications, the industry also changed from circuit switched networks to packet switched networks in 3G and 3G. Hence the planning of telecommunication networks has equally changed significantly. By providing the necessary background and technical content to understand and stay abreast of how to plan the new network types, Planning and Optimisation of 3G and 4G Wireless Networks explores the idiosyncrasies of how to plan the various types of wireless networks. Packed with details of the technologies that support each network type, this cutting-edge reference leads the reader step by step on how to plan and optimize various types of wireless networks. It examines current and emerging network planning and enhancement techniques through examples in HSPA, B3G, WiMAX, mesh networks, personal area networks and wireless sensor networks. It clearly provides the different architectures of these networks along with their support design methods. It includes coverage of the latest wireless network types, planning and optimization methods in the form of: 3G HSPA and Beyond 3G WiMAX (fixed and mobile) and LTE OFDM Wireless mesh networks Personal area networks Propagation models and link budgets Cognitive radio and spectrum sensing Planning of wireless sensor networks Synchronisation of CDMA systems Interference suppression Cross-layer optimisation Topology control Resource management The illustrative planning and optimization methods provide the reader with a clear foot path into future networks. This book provides educators, industry practitioners, regulators, researchers and subscribers with the ideal foundation for developing the understanding required to design, deploy, train, and use wireless networks of various types.

The Reeds VHF Handbook is an accessible, user friendly but comprehensive guide to marine VHF radio that helps users quickly get up to speed with all the functions on their equipment. Straightforward explanations and tips describe the leisure VHF DSC radio system in detail and its place within GMDSS. This brand new book incorporates all the information required to pass the Short Range Certificate, which is compulsory for anyone using a VHF DSC radio, and forms part of the process of obtaining the Day Skipper qualification. The book covers radio procedure, channel allocation, VHF radio theory and more, along with a full explanation of GMDSS, including details on EPIRBs, SARTs and Navtex. The Reeds VHF Handbook is an essential onboard reference, and set to become the standard work on the subject.

The impending advent of GSM in the early 1990s triggered massive investment that revolutionised the capability of DSP technology. A decade later, the vastly increased processing requirements and potential market of 3G has triggered a similar revolution, with a host of start-up companies claiming revolutionary technologies hoping to challenge and displace incumbent suppliers.

This book, with contributions from today's major players and leading start-ups, comprehensively describes both the new approaches and the responses of the incumbents, with detailed descriptions of the design philosophy, architecture, technology maturity and software support.

• Analysis of SDR baseband processing requirements of cellular handsets and basestations
• 3G handset baseband - ASIC, DSP, parallel processing, ACM and customised programmable architectures
• 3G basestation baseband - DSP (including co-processors), FPGA-based approaches, reconfigurable and parallel architectures
• Architecture optimisation to match 3G air interface and application algorithms
• Evolution of existing DSP, ASIC & FPGA solutions
• Assessment of the architectural approaches and the implications of the trends.

The upcoming 5G specifications from 3GPP, to be available in 2018, will include LTE-Advanced Pro as well as a new 5G radio-access technology. This practical and very successful book, written by engineers working closely with 3GPP, gives insight into the newest technologies and standards adopted by 3GPP, with detailed explanations of the specific solutions chosen and their implementation in LTE, LTE-Advanced, and LTE-Advanced Pro, as well as providing a detailed description of the path to 5G and the associated underlying technologies. This edition has been thoroughly revised and updated to reflect the large extensions to LTE as introduced in 3GPP Releases 12 and 13 and the role of LTE in the upcoming 5G era. New to this edition includes updated content on: 4G and 5G Radio Access Spectrum for 4G and 5G Machine-Type Communication Device-to-Device Communication License-assisted Access Full-dimension MIMO Small-cell enhancements, eIMTA, FDD+TDD aggregation, dual connectivity Requirements on and general structure of 5G wireless access, addressing the existing and new usage scenarios for 5G Technical solutions for the new 5G radio-access technology The authors of this book all work at Ericsson Research and have been deeply involved in 3G and 4G development and standardization. They are leading experts in the field and are today actively contributing to the standardization of 4G and 5G within 3GPP.

Multi-antenna techniques are currently an extremely active area of research in wireless communications. They are widely considered to be the most promising avenue for significantly increasing the bandwidth efficiency of wireless data transmission systems and this exceptional volume presents their key aspects. MIMO and MISO (transmit diversity) techniques are explained in a common setting, in a clear and concise manner, and special emphasis is placed on combining theoretical understanding with engineering applicability. Practical examples include the transmit diversity concepts in the WCDMA standard, as well as several promising novel MIMO concepts, crucial for future high data rate systems. Such techniques are currently being considered in relevant standardization bodies (e.g. 3GPP, 3GPP2) and they are likely to form the basis for bandwidth efficient communication for systems beyond 3G.

• Covers the theory and applications of linear processing transmit diversity and MIMO methods that operate both with and without channel state info
• Presents specific examples of high throughput, low complexity space-time codes both for MIMO and MISO systems

• Provides a detailed and elaborated discussion on the theory of linear space-time block codes

• Contains closed loop transceiver techniques for maximal exploitation of channel state feedback

By focusing on multiple access for mobile communication systems, with a specific interest in access arbitration through multiple access protocols at the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer, the authors explain how packet-voice and packet-data traffic can be supported efficiently in mobile communication systems. This is approached from a theoretical point of view and from the context of existing systems such as GPRS and UMTS. The evolution of mobile communications from 1G to 3.5G and possible 4G scenarios are discussed.

• Examines the suitable MAC strategies for the support of packet-data on shared and common channels

• Describes the physical and logical channels in GSM, HSCSD and GPRS and examines the GPRS air interface features, including EGPRS and Release 4/5 enhancements

• Documents the authors extensive research efforts on PRMA-based protocols for CDMA, hybrid CDMA/TDMA and TDMA air interfaces

• Analyses the various options for packet-data support in UMTS Release 1999 on common and dedicated channels and planned enhancements in Release 5

• Summarises the challenges faced when wanting to support IP-based real-time and multimedia traffic efficiently in mobile communication systems and reviews how further evolutions of GPRS and UMTS attempt to meet these challenges

• Presents interesting research results on the benefits of channel access control in the context of reservation protocols

Mobile communication systems have become one of the hottest areas in the field of telecommunications and it is predicted that within the next decade a considerable number of connections will become partially or completely wireless. Rapid development of the Internet with its new services and applications has created fresh challenges for the further development of mobile communication systems. This volume presents an easy to follow overview of such systems ranging from introductory material through to a thorough system description.

• Provides the necessary background information on digital communication systems, such as speech and channel coding, digital modulations (including OFDM) and basic access protocols

• Presents the properties of a mobile radio channel and describes mobile radio propagation models

• Explains the concept of cellular systems and their design

• Covers GSM and IS-95 and reviews paging systems, first generation cellular systems, wireless telephony, trunking systems and wireless local loops

• Features HSCSD, GPRS, EDGE, UMTS and WLAN technologies

• Includes an introduction to smart antennas

ThisvolumecontainstheproceedingsofEWSN2008,the?fthEuropeanConf- ence on Wireless Sensor Networks, held in Bologna, Italy, during January 30-31 and February 1, 2008. Its scope was the creation of a forum where researchers with di?erent ex- rience and background could discuss cross-layer approaches, novel solutions for speci?c problems and envisage the future development of wireless sensor n- works (WSNs). Out of the 110 papers that were submitted, 23 were selected after a doub- blind peer-review process, leading to an acceptance rate of 21%. Six among the accepted papers included authors from North America, three from Asia, all others from Europe with the exception of one from Australia, and one from Brazil: the conference brought together researchers from almost all corners of the world! Demonstration and poster papers were also presented at the conference, of which separate proceedings were produced, under the supervision of the other TPC Co-chair, Zach Shelby from Sensinode ltd, who managed the reviews of these papers. The rangeoftopicscoveredby this conference,including communicationp- tocols, information processing, middleware, operating systems, hardware and ?eld tests, is very wide. This made the vision of a coherent ?nal technical p- gramme more di?cult, as few papers cover each of the various topics. But what made such a process even more challenging, is the intrinsic nature of WSNs, which is cross-layer and requires the joint consideration of many aspects when measuring or predicting the performance of a given algorithm, protocol, or te- nical solution.

This work treats the essential elements of radio wave propagation without requiring recourse to advanced electromagnetic concepts and equations; however it provides sufficient detail to allow those concerned with wireless systems to acquire quickly a practical working knowledge of the important concepts.

The treatment commences with an analysis of how energy (and power) is conveyed in free space, taking essentially a radiative transfer approach and thus avoiding the need to understand electric and magnetic field propagation at the outset. It then examines in some detail how the proximity of the earth and the atmosphere cause the radiation travelling from a transmitter to a receiver to follow one or more of three mechanisms a" the surface, sky and space waves. Most attention is given to the space wave since it is the mechanism most commonly encountered in contemporary applications.

Radio wave propagation is placed in a practical context by considering the design aspects of communications systems at microwave frequencies. That requires an understanding of noise and its importance in systems design.

The author takes the unusual step of including a fuller consideration of the electromagnetic properties of materials late in the book rather than as an introductory chapter as found in more theoretical treatments. It is placed here so that the contexts in which the knowledge of material properties is important have already been established.

The material is based on a single semester overview course suitable for later year undergraduate students in engineering or science.

Wireless Sensor Networks presents a comprehensive and tightly organized compilation of chapters that surveys many of the exciting research developments taking place in this field. Chapters are written by several of the leading researchers exclusively for this book. Authors address many of the key challenges faced in the design, analysis and deployment of wireless sensor networks.

This book introduces the reader to amateur radio and prepares them for the FCC Technician license exam. It focuses on electronics and wireless technologies through projects that provide some hands-on hardware construction and operation. The reader can look upon this book as a short course in electronic and radio fundamentals that appear as questions in the FCC exam The book also summarizes the many potential activities and sub-interests possible in this hobby such as satellites, QRP (low power operation) and the new digital modes. Finally the book presents a more realistic approach to studying to pass the Technician exam.

A complete reference guide to the theory, design, and applications of infrared technology

Rapid advances in infrared (IR), photonic, and electrooptic technologies have given rise to sophisticated sensors with important commercial, industrial, and military applications–from remote sensing, surveillance, and high-resolution TV to home security systems. This book provides scientists and engineers with a comprehensive, state-of-the-art guide to the analysis and development of IR, photonic, and electrooptical devices and systems for specific applications. Well-known industry expert A. R. Jha compiles and consolidates the latest data on IR sources and systems, presenting fully referenced technical information plus numerical examples illustrating performance parameters and design aspects for an amazingly broad array of applications. Basic IR theory is also provided. Coverage includes:

• Transmission characteristics of optical signals through the atmosphere, including effects of scattering, absorption, turbulence, and diffraction
• Performance characteristics and capabilities of various IR sources, including state-of-the-art laser technologies
• Performance capabilities of IR detectors and focal planar arrays (FPAs) as well as passive and active IR and electronic devices
• Potential and existing applications in such diverse fields as medicine, telecommunications, space research, missile systems, and defense
IR signature analysis and measurement techniques

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 4th European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks, EWSN 2007, held in Delft, The Netherlands in January 2007. The 22 revised full papers presented were carefully reviewed and selected from 164 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on networking, tracking, algorithms, applications and support, medium access control, os and tools, as well as localization.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the Third European Workshop on Wireless Sensor Networks February 2006. The 21 revised full papers presented together with the abstracts of one invited talk and two tutorials were carefully reviewed and selected from 133 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections on query systems, sensor network services, routing, localization, platforms and development, medium access control, and measurements.

A complete guide to marketing cellular devices and services Cellular Marketing is an all-encompassing guide to cellular sales. From product and pricing to strategy, marketing, and analysis, this book offers comprehensive guidance to help you improve your cellular product's outlook. The discussion compares the device sales to service sales, and includes an analysis of sales channels that includes direct and retail sales planning, support, lead generation, and campaigns. You'll learn how to develop a robust marketing strategy and comprehensive pricing structure while adopting useful metrics and putting measurement systems in place from the beginning.