Global Justice: The Basics is a straightforward and engaging introduction to the theoretical study and practice of global justice. It examines the key political themes and philosophical debates at the heart of the subject, providing a clear outline of the field and exploring:

the history of its development

the current state of play

its ongoing interdisciplinary development.

Using case studies from around the world which illustrate the importance of the debates at the heart of global justice, as well as activist campaigns for global justice, the book examines a wide range of theoretical debates from thinkers worldwide, making it ideal for those seeking a balanced introduction to global justice.

Table of Contents

Introduction: Why is global justice so far away?

Theorizing Global Justice – from social justice to international justice

Theorizing Global Justice – cosmopolitan thought

Developmental routes to global justice

Global justice in movement and practice

Challenges from alternative visions of global justice

Conclusion

In this beautifully written book Raimond Gaita tells inspirational, poignant, sometimes funny but never sentimental stories of the dogs, cats and cockatoos that lived and died within his own family. He asks fascinating questions about animals: Is it wrong to attribute the concepts of love, devotion, loyalty, grief or friendship to them? Why do we care so much for some creatures but not for others? Why are we so concerned with proving that animals have minds?

Reflecting on these questions, and drawing on the ideas of Descartes, Wittgenstein and J.M. Coetzee, Gaita pleads that we ask ourselves what it means to be creatures of ‘flesh and blood.’ He discusses mortality and sexuality, the relations between storytelling, philosophy and science and the spiritual love of mountains.

An arresting and profound book, The Philosopher’s Dog is a triumph of both storytelling and philosophy.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a substantial new introduction and afterword by the author.

Table of Contents

Introduction

Friends and Companions

For a Dog?

The Philosopher's Dog

Sitting on Her Mat Gazing Out to Sea

Gypsy is Old Now

The Honour of Corpses

The Realm of Meaning

Stories, Philosophy and Science

'Poor Living Thing'

Sacred Places

Arrogance?

Creatureliness

Human Beings and Animals

According to Bertrand Russell, science is knowledge; that which seeks general laws connecting a number of particular facts. It is, he argues, far superior to art, where much of the knowledge is intangible and assumed. In The Scientific Outlook, Russell delivers one of his most important works, exploring the nature and scope of scientific knowledge, the increased power over nature that science affords and the changes in the lives of human beings that result from new forms of science. Insightful and accessible, this impressive work sees Russell at his very best.

Table of Contents

Preface by David Papineau; Introduction Part 1: Scientific Knowledge 1. Examples of Scientific Method 2. Characteristics of Scientific Method 3. Limitations of Scientific Method 4. Scientific Metaphysics 5. Science and Religion Part 2: Scientific Technique 6. Beginnings of Scientific Technique 7. Technique in Inanimate Nature 8. Technique in Biology 9. Technique in Physiology 10. Technique in Psychology 11. Technique in Society Part 3: The Scientific Society 12. Artificially Created Societies 13. The Individual and the Whole 14. Scientific Government 15. Education in a Scientific Society 16. Scientific Reproduction 17. Science and Values Index

Few philosophers have had a more lasting impact on the philosophy of history than Friedrich Hegel. Reason and Revolution is Herbert Marcuse's brilliant interpretation of Hegel's philosophy and the influence it has had on political thought, from the French Revolution to the twentieth century.

In a masterpiece of dialectical thought, Marcuse superbly illuminates the implications of Hegel's philosophy, rescuing it from the taint of reactionary thought that distorted or dismissed it for the early part of the twentieth century. After a masterful survey of the main elements of Hegel's philosophical system, Marcuse argues that it is Hegel the rationalist and progressive who stands in contrast to the irrationalism of Nazism, providing the crucial platform on which Marxist thought would later build and take Hegel's thought in a radical and explosive new direction.

A vital book in the development of critical theory and for understanding the great battle between liberal and reactionary thought, Reason and Revolution remains essential reading today.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by J.M. Bernstein.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Jay Bernstein

Part 1: The Foundations of Hegel’s Philosophy

Introduction

1. Hegel’s Early Theological Writings (1790–1800)

2. Towards the System of Philosophy (1800–1802)

3. Hegel’s First System (1802–1806)

4. The Phenomenology of Mind (1807)

5. The Science of Logic (1812–16)

6. The Political Philosophy (1816–1821)

7. The Philosophy of History

Part 2: The Rise of Social Theory

Introduction

8. The Foundations of the Dialectical Theory of Society

9. The Foundations of Positivism and the Rise of Sociology

Conclusion: The End of Hegelianism.

Index

On its publication in 1957, The Poverty of Historicism was hailed by Arthur Koestler as 'probably the only book published this year which will outlive the century.'
A devastating criticism of fixed and predictable laws in history, Popper dedicated the book to all those 'who fell victim to the fascist and communist belief in Inexorable Laws of Historical Destiny.' Short and beautifully written, it has inspired generations of readers, intellectuals and policy makers. One of the most important books on the social sciences since the Second World War, it is a searing insight into the ideas of this great thinker.

Philosophers have traditionally concentrated on the qualities that make human beings different from other species. In Beast and Man Mary Midgley, one of our foremost intellectuals, stresses continuities. What makes people tick? Largely, she asserts, the same things as animals. She tells us humans are rather more like other animals than we previously allowed ourselves to believe, and reminds us just how primitive we are in comparison to the sophistication of many animals. A veritable classic for our age, Beast and Man has helped change the way we think about ourselves and the world in which we live.

Every theory of imagination must satisfy two requirements. It must account for the spontaneous discrimination that the mind makes between its images and its perceptions, and it must explain the role that the image plays in the operation of thought. Whatever form it has taken, the classical conception of the image could not fulfil these two essential tasks.' —Jean-Paul Sartre

Jean-Paul Sartre's L’Imagination was published in 1936 when he was thirty years old. The Imagination is Sartre’s first full philosophical work, presenting some of the basic arguments concerning phenomenology, consciousness, and intentionality that were to mark his philosophy as a whole and be so influential in the course of twentieth-century philosophy.

Sartre begins by criticising philosophical theories of the imagination, particularly those of Descartes, Leibniz, and Hume, before establishing his central thesis. Imagination does not involve the perception of ‘mental images’ in any literal sense, Sartre argues, yet reveals some of the fundamental capacities of consciousness. He then reviews psychological theories of the imagination, including a fascinating discussion of the work of Henri Bergson.

Sartre argues that the ‘classical conception’ is fundamentally flawed because it begins by conceiving of the imagination as being like perception and then seeks, in vain, to re-establish the difference between the two. Sartre concludes with an important chapter on Husserl’s theory of the imagination which, despite sharing the flaws of earlier approaches, signals a new phenomenological way forward in understanding the imagination.

The Imagination is essential reading for anyone interested in the philosophy of Jean-Paul Sartre, phenomenology, and the history of twentieth-century philosophy. The translation has been revised throughout for this Routledge Classics edition. There is also a revised Translators’ Introduction and a new Foreword, both by Kenneth Williford and David Rudrauf. Also included is Maurice Merleau-Ponty’s important review of L’Imagination upon its publication in French in 1936.

Translated by Kenneth Williford and David Rudrauf.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Kenneth Williford and David Rudrauf

Translators' Introduction to the Routledge Classics Edition Kenneth Williford and David Rudrauf

Introduction

1. The Great Metaphysical Systems

2. The Problem of the Image and the Effort of Psychologists to Find a Positive Method

3. The Contradictions of the Classical Conception

4. Husserl

Conclusion.

Review of L'Imagination by Maurice Merleau-Ponty (1936)

Bibliography

Index

First published in 1923, The Prospects of Industrial Civilization is considered the most ambitious of Bertrand Russell's works on modern society. It offers a rare glimpse into often-ignored subtleties of his political thought and in it he argues that industrialism is a threat to human freedom, since it is fundamentally linked with nationalism. His proposal for one government for the whole world as the ultimate solution, along with his argument that the global village and prevailing political democracy should be its eventual results, is both provocative and thoroughly engaging.

Table of Contents

Preface to the Second Edition; Preface to the First Edition; Introduction; Part 1 1. Caused of Present Chaos 2. Inherent Tendencies of Industrialism 3. Industrialism and Private Property 4. Interactions of Industrialism and Nationalism 5. The Transition to Internationalism 6. Socialism on Undeveloped Countries 7. Socialism in Advanced Countries Part 2 8. What Makes a Social System Good or Bad? 9. Moral Standards and Social Well-Being 10. The Sources of Power 11. Education 12. Economic Organisation and Mental Freedom Index

David Bohm was one of the foremost scientific thinkers and philosophers of our time. Although deeply influenced by Einstein, he was also, more unusually for a scientist, inspired by mysticism. Indeed, in the 1970s and 1980s he made contact with both J. Krishnamurti and the Dalai Lama whose teachings helped shape his work. In both science and philosophy, Bohm's main concern was with understanding the nature of reality in general and of consciousness in particular. In this classic work he develops a theory of quantum physics which treats the totality of existence as an unbroken whole. Writing clearly and without technical jargon, he makes complex ideas accessible to anyone interested in the nature of reality.

In simple prose Merleau-Ponty touches on his principle themes. He speaks about the body and the world, the coexistence of space and things, the unfortunate optimism of science – and also the insidious stickiness of honey, and the mystery of anger.' - James Elkins

Maurice Merleau-Ponty was one of the most important thinkers of the post-war era. Central to his thought was the idea that human understanding comes from our bodily experience of the world that we perceive: a deceptively simple argument, perhaps, but one that he felt had to be made in the wake of attacks from contemporary science and the philosophy of Descartes on the reliability of human perception.

From this starting point, Merleau-Ponty presented these seven lectures on The World of Perception to French radio listeners in 1948. Available in a paperback English translation for the first time in the Routledge Classics series to mark the centenary of Merleau-Ponty’s birth, this is a dazzling and accessible guide to a whole universe of experience, from the pursuit of scientific knowledge, through the psychic life of animals to the glories of the art of Paul Cézanne.

Table of Contents

foreword by stephanie menase -- Introduction by Thomas Baldwin -- The World of Perception and the World of Science -- Exploring the World of Perception: Space -- Exploring the World of Perception: Sensory Objects -- Exploring the World of Perception: Animal Life -- Man Seen from the Outside -- Art and the World of Perception -- Classical World, Modern World -- notes -- index

Introduction to Logic is a proven textbook that has been honed through the collaborative efforts of many scholars over the last five decades. Its scrupulous attention to detail and precision in exposition and explanation is matched by the greatest accuracy in all associated detail. In addition, it continues to capture student interest through its personalized human setting and current examples. The 14th Edition of Introduction to Logic, written by Copi, Cohen & McMahon, is dedicated to the many thousands of students and their teachers - at hundreds of universities in the United States and around the world - who have used its fundamental methods and techniques of correct reasoning in their everyday lives.

Table of Contents

Foreward

Preface

Acknowledgments

PART I LOGIC AND LAGUAGE

SECTION A REASONING

Chapter 1 Basic Logical Concepts

Chapter 2 Analyzing Arguments

SECTION B INFORMAL LOGIC

Chapter 3 Language and Definitions

Chapter 4 Fallacies

Part II Deduction

Section A Classical Logic

Chapter 5 Categorical Propositions

Chapter 6 Categorical Syllogisms

Appendix: Deduction of the Fifteen Valid Forms of the Categorical Syllogism

Chapter 7 Syllogisms in Ordinary Language

Section B Modern Logic

Chapter 8 Symbolic Logic

Chapter 9 Methods of Deduction

Chapter 10 Quantification Theory

Part III Induction

Section A Analogy and Causation

Chapter 11 Analogical Reasoning

Chapter 12 Causal Reasoning

Section B Science and Probability

Chapter 13 Science and Hypothesis

Chapter 14 Probability

Appendix

Solutions to Selected Exercises

Glossary/Index

Never before has there been a greater need for deeper listening and more open communication to cope with the complex problems facing our organizations, businesses and societies. Renowned scientist David Bohm believed there was a better way for humanity to discover meaning and to achieve harmony. He identified creative dialogue, a sharing of assumptions and understanding, as a means by which the individual, and society as a whole, can learn more about themselves and others, and achieve a renewed sense of purpose.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 ON COMMUNICATION; Chapter 2 ON DIALOGUE; Chapter 3 THE NATURE OF COLLECTIVE THOUGHT; Chapter 4 THE PROBLEM AND THE PARADOX; Chapter 5 THE OBSERVER AND THE OBSERVED; Chapter 6 SUSPENSION, THE BODY, AND PROPRIOCEPTION; Chapter 7 Part ICIPATORY THOUGHT AND THE UNLIMITED; BIBLIOGRAPHY; Index;

The key to human nature that Marx found in wealth and Freud in sex, Bertrand Russell finds in power. Power, he argues, is man's ultimate goal, and is, in its many guises, the single most important element in the development of any society. Writting in the late 1930s when Europe was being torn apart by extremist ideologies and the world was on the brink of war, Russell set out to found a 'new science' to make sense of the traumatic events of the day and explain those that would follow.

The result was Power, a remarkable book that Russell regarded as one of the most important of his long career. Countering the totalitarian desire to dominate, Russell shows how political enlightenment and human understanding can lead to peace - his book is a passionate call for independence of mind and a celebration of the instinctive joy of human life.

Table of Contents

Chapter 1 THE IMPULSE TO POWER; Chapter 2 LEADERS AND FOLLOWERS; Chapter 3 THE FORMS OF POWER; Chapter 4 PRIESTLY POWER; Chapter 5 KINGLY POWER; Chapter 6 NAKED POWER; Chapter 7 REVOLUTIONARY POWER; Chapter 8 ECONOMIC POWER; Chapter 9 POWER OVER OPINION; Chapter 10 CREEDS AS SOURCES OF POWER; Chapter 11 THE BIOLOGY OF ORGANISATIONS; Chapter 12 POWERS AND FORMS OF GOVERNMENTS; Chapter 13 ORGANISATIONS AND THE INDIVIDUAL; Chapter 14 COMPETITION; Chapter 15 POWER AND MORAL CODES; Chapter 16 POWER PHILOSOPHIES; Chapter 17 THE ETHICS OF POWER; Chapter 18 THE TAMING OF POWER INDEX;

Discover for yourself the pleasures of philosophy! Written both for the seasoned student of philosophy as well as the general reader, the renowned writer Roger Scruton provides a survey of modern philosophy. Always engaging, Scruton takes us on a fascinating tour of the subject, from founding father Descartes to the most important and famous philosopher of the twentieth century, Ludwig Wittgenstein. He identifies all the principal figures and outlines the main intellectual preoccupations that have informed western philosophy. Painting a portrait of modern philosophy that is vivid and animated, Scruton introduces us to some of the greatest philosophical problems invented in this period and pursued ever since. Including material on recent debates, A Short History of Modern Philosophy is already established as the classic introduction. Read it and find out why.

In the 1960s a radical concept emerged from the great French thinker Jacques Derrida. Read the book that changed the way we think; read Writing and Difference, the classic introduction.

Table of Contents

Translator’s Introduction 1 Force and Signification 2 Cogito and the History of Madness 3 Edmond Jabès and the Question of the Book 4 Violence and Metaphysics: An Essay on the Thought of Emmanuel Levinas 5 ‘Genesis and Structure’ and Phenomenology 6 La parole soufflée 7 Freud and the Scene of Writing 8 The Theater of Cruelty and the Closure of Representation 9 From Restricted to General Economy: A Hegelianism without Reserve 10 Structure, Sign, and Play in the Discourse of the Human Sciences 11 Ellipsis. Notes; Sources

Commissions of experts regularly meet to reply to questions such as: What will be the population of the country, or even of our planet, in ten, fifteen or twenty-five years? In what proportion will production have increased, what modifications will its composition and utilizations have undergone? The attraction of efforts to forecast the future continues. That is a fact. How does it proceed? That is a problem, one on which de Jouvenel focuses on in this book.

The Art of Conjecture clearly explains what the "study of the future" can mean. De Jouvenel emphasizes the logical and political problems of forecasting and discusses methods in economics, sociology, and political science by which the future can be studied. More importantly, he discusses the fallacies to which the "study of the future" is peculiarly likely to give rise. The author argues that it is natural and necessary for the population to have visions of the future. Without this, he states, we would only be able to set one opinion of the future against another. If the origins and meanings of these predictions remained obscure, only the event could decide among the opinions.

If any man can be said to have created the serious "study of the future" in our time, it is Bertrand de Jouvenel. Futuribles, a periodical he created,continues to represent a major turning point in contemporary social science. Jouvenel aimed to show how "the art of conjecture" could inform prudential judgment and allow citizens and statesmen to detect troubles before they arise.

Table of Contents

Introduction 1 On the Nature of the Future 2 A Need of Our Species 3 Terminology Part I Personal Destiny 4 The Project 5 The Conditional 6 The Future as an Object of Knowledge 7 The Principle of Uncertainty Part II Of Predictions 8 Predictions: I 9 Predictions: II 10 Historical Prediction and Scientific Prediction Part III Ways of Conceiving the Future 11 Process and Action 12 The Changing Scene 13 Conjectures and Decisions 14 The Pragmatism of Conjecture and a Few Consequences Part IV Quantitative Predictions 15 On Quantification 16 Short-Term Economic Forecasting 17 Long-Term Economic Forecasting and Its Social Aspects Part V Toward the Surmising Forum 18 The Political Order and Foreseeability 19 The Forecasting of Ideas 20 The Surmising Forum

Logic: The Basics is an accessible introduction to several core areas of logic. The first part of the book features a self-contained introduction to the standard topics in classical logic, such as:

· mathematical preliminaries

· propositional logic

· quantified logic (first monadic, then polyadic)

· English and standard ‘symbolic translations’

· tableau procedures.

Alongside comprehensive coverage of the standard topics, this thoroughly revised second edition also introduces several philosophically important nonclassical logics, free logics, and modal logics, and gives the reader an idea of how they can take their knowledge further. With its wealth of exercises (solutions available in the encyclopedic online supplement), Logic: The Basics is a useful textbook for courses ranging from the introductory level to the early graduate level, and also as a reference for students and researchers in philosophical logic.

Table of Contents

I BACKGROUND IDEAS

1 Consequences

1.1 Relations of support

1.2 Logical consequence: the basic recipe

1.3 Valid arguments and truth

1.4 Summary, looking ahead, and reading

2 Models, Modeled, and Modeling

2.1 Models

2.2 Models in science

2.3 Logic as modeling

2.4 A note on notation, metalanguages, etc.

2.5 Summary, looking ahead, and reading

3 Language, Form, and Logical Theories

3.1 Language and formal languages

3.2 Languages: syntax and semantics

3.3 Atoms, connectives, and molecules

3.4 Connectives and form

3.5 Validity and form

3.6 Logical theories: rivalry

3.7 Summary, looking ahead, and reading

4 Set-theoretic Tools

4.1 Sets

4.2 Ordered sets: pairs and n-tuples

4.3 Relations

4.4 Functions

4.5 Sets as tools

4.6 Summary and looking ahead

II THE BASIC CLASSICAL THEORY

5 Basic Classical Syntax and Semantics

5.1 Cases: complete and consistent

5.2 Classical ‘truth conditions’

5.3 Basic classical consequence

5.4 Motivation: precision

5.5 Formal picture

5.6 Defined connectives

5.7 Some notable valid forms

5.8 Summary and looking ahead

6 Basic Classical Tableaux

6.1 What are tableaux?

6.2 Tableaux for the Basic Classical Theory

6.3 Summary and looking ahead

7 Basic Classical Translations

7.1 Atoms, Punctuation, and Connectives

7.2 Syntax, altogether

7.3 Semantics

7.4 Consequence

7.5 Summary and Looking Ahead

III FIRST-ORDER CLASSICAL THEORY

8 Atomic Innards: Unary

8.1 Atomic innards: names and predicates

8.2 Truth and falsity conditions for atomics

8.3 Cases, domains, and interpretation functions

8.4 Classicality

8.5 A formal picture

8.6 Summary and looking ahead

9 Everything and Something

9.1 Validity involving quantifiers

9.2 Quantifiers: an informal sketch

9.3 Truth and falsity conditions

9.4 A formal picture

9.5 Summary and looking ahead.

10 First-Order Language with Any-Arity Innards

10.1 Truth and falsity conditions for atomics

10.2 Cases, domains, and interpretation functions

10.3 Classicality

10.4 A formal picture

10.5 Summary and looking ahead

11 Identity

11.1 Logical expressions, forms, sentential forms

11.2 Validity involving identity

11.3 Identity: informal sketch

11.4 Truth conditions: informal sketch

11.5 Formal picture

11.6 Summary and looking ahead

12 Tableaux for First-Order Logic with Identity

12.1 A Few Reminders

12.2 Tableaux for Polyadic First-Order Logic

12.3 Summary and looking ahead

13 First-Order Translations

13.1 Basic Classical Theory with Innards

13.2 First-Order Classical Theory

13.3 Polyadic Innards

13.4 Examples in the polyadic language

13.5 Adding Identity

13.6 Summary and Looking Ahead

IV NONCLASSICAL THEORIES

14 Alternative Logical Theories

14.1 Apparent unsettledness

14.2 Apparent overdeterminacy

14.3 Options

14.4 Cases

14.5 Truth and falsity conditions

14.6 Logical Consequence

14.7 Summary, looking ahead, and reading

15 Nonclassical Sentential Logics

15.1 Syntax

15.2 Semantics, Broadly

15.3 Defined connectives

15.4 Some notable forms

15.5 Summary and looking ahead

16 Nonclassical First-order Theories

16.1 An Informal Gloss

16.2 A formal picture

16.3 Summary and looking ahead

17 Nonclassical Tableaux

17.1 Closure Conditions

17.2 Tableaux for Nonclassical First-Order Logics

17.3 Summary and looking ahead

18 Nonclassical Translations

18.1 Syntax and Semantics

18.2 Consequence

18.3 Summary and looking ahead

V FREEDOM, NECESSITY AND BEYOND

19 Speaking Freely

19.1 Speaking of non-existent ‘things’

19.2 Existential import

19.3 Freeing our terms, expanding our domains

19.4 Truth conditions: an informal sketch

19.5 Formal picture

19.6 Summary and looking ahead

20 Possibilities

20.1 Possibility and necessity

20.2 Towards truth and falsity conditions

20.3 Cases and consequence

20.4 Formal picture

20.5 Remark on going beyond possibility

20.6 Summary and looking ahead

21 Free and Modal Tableaux

21.1 Free Tableaux

21.2 Modal Tableaux

21.3 Summary and looking ahead

22 Glimpsing Different Logical Roads

22.1 Other conditionals

22.2 Other negations

22.3 Other alethic modalities: actuality

22.4 Same connectives, different truth conditions

22.5 Another road to difference: consequence

22.6 Summary and looking behind and ahead

References

The philosopher Michael Dummett was one of the sharpest and most prominent commentators and campaigners for the fair treatment of immigrants and refugees in Britain and Europe. On Immigration and Refugees was the only book he wrote on the topic and among one of the most eloquent and important reflections on the subject to have been published in many years. Exploring the confused and often highly unjust and racist thinking about immigration, Dummett questions the principles and justifications governing state policies, pointing out that they often conflict with the rights of refugees as laid down by the Geneva Convention. With compelling and often moving examples, he points a new way forward for humane thinking and practice about a problem we cannot afford to ignore.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Sarah Fine.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Sarah Fine

Preface

Part 1: Principles

1. Some General Principles

2. The Duties of a State to Refugees

3. The Duties of a State to Immigrants

4. Grounds of Refusal

5. Citizenship

Part 2: History

6. How Immigration was Made a Menace in Britain

7. From Immigrants to Refugees

8. Racism in Other European Countries and Immigration into Them.

Index

Sir Peter Strawson (1919–2006) was one of the leading British philosophers of his generation and an influential figure in a golden age for British philosophy between 1950 and 1970.

Individuals, his most important book, is a modern philosophical classic. Bold in scope and ambition, it presents Strawson’s now famous argument for descriptive metaphysics and his repudiation of revisionary metaphysics. Rather than setting out to replace our overall view of the world, in the manner of the great 'revisionary' philosophers of the past, Strawson sets himself the seemingly (but not actually) more modest task of simply describing it. The aim is nothing less than to lay bare the most basic structure of our thought—the most general features of the way in which we think about particular things. A landmark book in the philosophical world and above all analytical philosophy, it remains of vital importance today.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a substantial new Foreword by Michelle Montague, setting out some of Strawson's key themes and arguments. Also included is Strawson's essay 'Individuals'. Published thirty-five years after the book itself and until now not widely available, it sees Strawson summarizing and reflecting on some of the key arguments presented in his book of the same name.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Michelle Montague

Preface

Introduction

Part 1: Particulars

1. Bodies

2. Sounds

3. Persons

4. Monads

Part 2: Logical Subjects

5. Subject and Predicate (1): Two Criteria

6. Subject and Predicate (2): Logical Subjects and Particular Objects

7. Language without Particulars

8. Logical Subjects and Existence

Conclusion

Appendix: Individuals

Index

Hailed as the 'Guru of the New Left' and a leading figure of 1960s counterculture and liberation movements, the philosopher Herbert Marcuse is amongst the most renowned and controversial thinkers of the twentieth century. Eros and Civilization is one of his best-known books and brought him international fame.

Taking his cue from Freud's view that repression of the instincts is a defining characteristic of the human mind, Marcuse fuses Freud's insight with Marx's theories of alienation and oppression. He argues that rather than our instincts turned in on themselves, it is modern capitalism itself that is preventing us from reaching the freedom we can find in a non-repressive society.

A sweeping indictment of modern capitalism and consumerism that remains fresh and insightful, Eros and Civilization is a classic of activist and radical thinking that continues to fire debate and controversy today.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Douglas Kellner.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Douglas Kellner

Preface

Introduction

Part 1: Under the Rule of the Reality Principle

1. The Hidden Trend in Psychoanalysis

2. The Origin of the Repressed Individual (Ontogenesis)

3. The Origin of Repressive Civilization (Phylogenesis)

4. The Dialectic of Civilization

5. Philosophical Interlude

Part 2: Beyond the Reality Principle

6. The Historical Limits of the Established Reality Principle

7. Phantasy and Utopia

8. The Images of Orpheus and Narcissus

9. The Aesthetic Dimension

10. The Transformation of Sexuality into Eros

11. Eros and Thanatos

Epilogue: Critique of Neo-Freudian Revisionism.

Index

“To abandon the struggle for private happiness, to expel all eagerness of temporary desire, to burn with passion for eternal things – this is emancipation, and this is the free man's worship.”

—Bertrand Russell

Mysticism and Logic is one of Russell's most celebrated collection of essays. They not only set the tone for analytical philosophy in the English-speaking world but are Russell's first proper foray into the role of public philosopher, one he would occupy for years to come. Both scientific and romantic, Russell explores and unpacks, in his inimitable pellucid prose, some of the thorniest problems and puzzles in philosophy. These include different ways of knowing something, the foundations of mathematics, the ultimate nature of matter and whether, in Russell's view, we should seek a philosophical theory of causation.

Taken together, they show the considerable changes that occurred in Russell's thinking during the years he was producing some of his best philosophy, leading up to World War One. Also included is Russell's renowned essay 'A Free Man's Worship', where he argues that we can construct a deeper form of faith based on the power of reason for those who wish to be free.

This Routledge Classics edition includes a new Foreword by Bernard Linsky.

Table of Contents

Foreword to the Routledge Classics Edition Bernard Linsky

Preface (1917)

Preface (1929)

1. A Free Man's Worship

2. Mysticism and Logic

3. The Place of Science in a Liberal Education

4. The Study of Mathematics

5. Mathematics and the Metaphysicians

6. On Scientific Method in Philosophy

7. The Ultimate Constituents of Matter

8. The Relation of Sense-Data to Physics

9. On the Notion of Cause

10. Knowledge by Acquaintance and Knowledge by Description.

Index

"Sartre is a true post-colonial pioneer. His ethical and political struggle against all forms of oppression and exploitation speak to the problems of our own times with a rare courage and cogency."
Homi K. Bhabha, Anne F. Rothenberg Professor of English and American Literature Harvard University
Nearly forty years after its first publication in French, this collection of Sartre's writings on colonialism remains a supremely powerful, and relevant, polemical work. Over a series of thirteen essays Sartre brings the full force of his remarkable intellect relentlessly to bear on his own country's conduct in Algeria, and by extension, the West's conduct in the Third World in general. The tussle is not equal, and the western imperialists emerge at the end, bloody, bruised and thoroughly chastened. Most startling of all is Sartre's advocacy of violence as a legitimate response to repression, motivated by his belief that freedom was the central characteristic of being human. Whether one agrees with his every conclusion or not, "Colonialism and Neo-Colonialism" shows a philosopher passionately engaged in using philosophy as a force for change in the world. An important influence on postcolonial thought ever since, this book takes on added resonance in the light of the West's most recent bout of interference in the non-Western world.

With a new Introduction by the author

'An elegant and sane little book. – The New Statesman

Myths, as Mary Midgley argues in this powerful book, are everywhere. In political thought they sit at the heart of theories of human nature and the social contract; in economics in the pursuit of self interest; and in science the idea of human beings as machines, which originates in the seventeenth century, is a today a potent force. Far from being the opposite of science, however, Midgley argues that myth is a central part of it. Myths are neither lies nor mere stories but a network of powerful symbols for interpreting the world. Tackling a dazzling array of subjects such as philosophy, evolutionary psychology, animals, consciousness and the environment in her customary razor-sharp prose, The Myths We Live By reminds us of the powerful role of symbolism and the need to take our imaginative life seriously.

Mary Midgley is a moral philosopher and the author of many books including Wickedness, Evolution as a Religion, Beast and Man and Science and Poetry. All are published in Routledge Classics.

Table of Contents

Acknowledgements Foreword to The Routledge Classics Edition 1. How myths work 2. Our place in the world 3. Progress, science and modernity 4. Thought has many forms 5. The aims of reduction 6. Dualistic dilemmas 7. Motives, materialism and megalomania 8. What action is 9. Tidying the inner scene: why memes? 10. The sleep of reason produces monsters 11. Getting rid of the ego 12. Cultural evolution? 13. Selecting the selectors 14. Is reason sex-linked? 15. The journey from freedom to desolation 16. Biotechnology and the yuk factor 17. The new alchemy 18. The supernatural engineer 19. Heaven and earth, and awkward history 20. Science looks both ways 21. Are you an animal? 22. Problems about parsimony 23. Denying the animal consciousness 24. Beasts via the biosphere 25. Some practical dilemmas 26. Problems of living with otherness 27. Changing ideas of wildness Notes Index

Described by the philosopher A.J. Ayer as a work 'of great originality and power' Popper's The Logic of Scientific Discovery revolutionized contemporary thinking on science and knowledge. Ideas such as his now legendary doctrine of 'falsificationism' electrified the scientific community, influencing even working scientists. The book also had a profound effect on post war philosophy. First published in English in 1959, this astonishing work ranks alongside The Open Society and Its Enemies as one of Popper's most enduring and famous books and contains insights and arguments that demand to be read to this day.

When Ernest Gellner was his early thirties, he took it upon himself to challenge the prevailing philosophical orthodoxy of the day, Linguistic Philosophy. Finding a powerful ally in Bertrand Russell, who provided the foreword for this book, Gellner embarked on the project that was to put him on the intellectual map.

The first determined attempt to state the premises and operational rules of the movement, Words and Things remains philosophy's most devastating attack on a conventional wisdom to this day.

Table of Contents

Foreword by Bertrand Russell Introduction: The Saltmines of Salzburg or Wittgensteinianism Reconsidered in Historical Context I Of Linguistic Philosophy 1 Introductory 2 First Approaches 3 A Theory of Philosophy 4 A Theory of the World and of Language 5 A Theory of Mind II Of Language 1 The Theory of Language Expanded 2 Language Games 3 The Four Pillars 4 The Argument from Paradigm Cases 5 From Fact to Norm 6 The Contrast Theory of Meaning 7 General Comments on the Three Fallacies 8 The Cult of the Fox 9 Everything is Unlike Everything Else 10 The Best of all Possible Languages III Of Philosophy 1 Activity not Doctrine 2 The Imperturbable Universe 3 Flashback 4 Logical Atomism 5 Logical Positivism 6 Logical Constructions 7 Common Sense 8 Transition 9 Appearance and Reality, or Monsieur Jourdain’s Revolt IV Of the World 1 The Secret of the Universe 2 Naturalism 3 A Special Kind of Naturalism 4 The Bait and the Trap 5 The Turn of the Screw 6 Triple Star 7 De Luxe V Of Knowledge VI Structure and Strategy Explanation of the Diagram and Instructions for Use VII Assessment VIII Implications IX Sociology X Conclusion