A historical and theological re-evaluation of the polemical writings of Athanasius of Alexandria (bishop 328-73), who would become known to later Christian generations as a saint and a champion of orthodoxy, and as the defender of the original Nicene Creed of 325 against the `Arian heresy'. For much of his own lifetime, however, Athanasius was an extremely controversial figure, and his writings, although highly influential on modern interpretations of the fourth-century Church and the so-called `Arian Controversy', display bias and distortion. David M. Gwynn examines Athanasius' polemic in detail, and in particular his construction of those he condemns as `Arian' as a single `heretical party', 'the Eusebians'. Gwynn argues that Athanasius' image of the Church polarized between his own `orthodoxy' and the `Arianism' of the `Eusebians' is a polemical construct, which has seriously impaired our knowledge of the development of Christianity in the crucial period in which the Later Roman Empire became ever increasingly a Christian empire.

Die Musik ist im Judentum unendlich wichtig. In diesem Zusammenhang steht uber den Satz der Tora "Hoere auf das Lied und das Gebet" (1. Buch der Koenige 8,28) im Talmud: "Nur dort, wo ein Lied ist, gibt es auch Gebet" (b.Berachot. 6a). Deshalb stellte das Lied auch im grossen Tempel von Jerusalem einen unverzichtbaren Teil der taglichen Opfer dar und kam von dort mit bestimmten Melodien fur das Gebet und die Toralesung in die Synagoge. Der Chassidismus bediente sich eines der wichtigsten Instrumente, der Musik fur den Gottesdienst, dessen Ziel es ist, den Menschen zu wecken und zu erfreuen, um die Traurigkeit, den "Ursprung des Boesen", zu verscheuchen. Denn durch Freude kann man die hoechsten Stufen erreichen und alle physischen Probleme vermeiden, genau so wie Rabbi Ezekil von Kuzmir sagt: "Denn mit Freude sollt ihr herausziehen" (Jesaja 55,12), was bedeutet, dass man sich durch Freude von allen Schwierigkeiten befreien kann. In diesem Buch fuhrt uns der Autor durch die Hoefe der Chassidim in die Welt der Melodie, uber die Musik ohne Worte (die vielleicht wichtiger ist, als jene mit Worten), die Bedeutung des Tanzes, die Schabbat-Tischgebete bis hin zur kabbalistischen Musik. Er schreibt uber die verschiedenen Rabbiner, die bei den verschiedensten Gelegenheiten sangen und komponierten, wie z.B. in der Synagoge oder beim "Tisch", wo sich alle Chassidim versammeln, um die Erklarungen und Deutungen der Tora zu vernehmen.

Leading historian of the early church, Bart Ehrman offers the first comprehensive account of the newly discovered Gospel of Judas, revealing what this legendary lost gospel contains and why it is so important for our understanding of Christianity. Ehrman describes how he first saw the Gospel of Judas-surprisingly, in a small room above a pizza parlor in a Swiss town near Lake Geneva-and he recounts the fascinating story of where and how this ancient papyrus document was discovered, how it moved around among antiquities dealers in Egypt, the United States, and Switzerland, and how it came to be restored and translated. More important, Ehrman gives the reader a complete and clear account of what the book teaches and he shows how it relates to other Gospel texts-both those inside the New Testament and those outside of it, most notably, the Gnostic texts of early Christianity. Finally, he describes what we now can say about the historical Judas himself as well as his relationship with Jesus, suggesting that one needs to read between the lines of the early Gospels to see exactly what Judas did and why he did it. The Gospel of Judas presents an entirely new view of Jesus, his disciples, and the man who allegedly betrayed him. It raises many questions and Bart Ehrman provides illuminating and authoritative answers, in a book that will interest anyone curious about the New Testament, the life of Jesus, and the history of Christianity after his death.

The Conductus repertory is the body of monophonic and polyphonic non-liturgical Latin song that dominated European culture from the middle of the twelfth century to the beginning of the fourteenth. In this book, Mark Everist demonstrates how the poetry and music interact, explores how musical structures are created, and discusses the geographical and temporal reach of the genre, including its significance for performance today. The volume studies what medieval society thought of the Conductus, its function in medieval society - whether paraliturgical or in other contexts - and how it fitted into patristic and secular Latin cultures. The Conductus emerges as a genre of great poetic and musical sophistication that brought the skills of poets and musicians into alignment. This book provides an all-encompassing view of an important but unexplored repertory of medieval music, engaging with both poetry and music even-handedly to present new and up-to-date perspectives on the genre.

Can humans know God? Can created beings approach the Uncreated? The concept of God and questions about our ability to know him are central to this book. Eastern Orthodox theology distinguishes between knowing God as he is (his divine essence) and as he presents himself (through his energies), and thus it both negates and affirms the basic question: man cannot know God in his essence, but may know him through his energies. Henny Fiska Hagg investigates this earliest stage of Christian negative (apophatic) theology, as well as the beginnings of the distinction between essence and energies, focusing on Clement of Alexandria in the late second century. Clement's theological, social, religious, and philosophical milieu is also considered, as is his indebtedness to Middle Platonism and its concept of God.

(Transcontinental Music Folios). The late Debbie Friedman, who passed away in 2011, is regarded as the greatest Jewish singer-songwriter in history. Now, for the first time, her music has been gathered together in one definitive, comprehensive collection. This book is a tribute to Debbie's life and music, featuring every song she wrote and recorded (plus more than 30 songs previously unavailable) in lead sheet format, with complete lyrics, melody line, guitar chords, Hebrew, transliteration, and English translation. This incredible collection of more than 215 songs was meticulously edited by Joel N. Eglash with assistance from Debbie's family, friends, and lifelong colleagues. The book includes over 400 pages of music, photographs, biographical information, memories of Debbie, and tributes to her legacy.

Diese Arbeit, die in aktualisierter Neuauflage vorgelegt wird, zeichnet zunachst den UEberlieferungsweg der freien Orgelwerke Buxtehudes nach, von den verschollenen Autographen bis zu den erhaltenen, vielfach mangelhaften Abschriften. Besonderes Interesse gilt der Frage, welchen Anteil die beruhmten Zeitgenossen Pachelbel und Bach an der Verbreitungsgeschichte dieser Werke hatten. Im zweiten Hauptteil werden Probleme von Stil und Form, Authentizitat und Chronologie behandelt; auch Aspekte der Spielpraxis werden berucksichtigt. Damit stellt die Arbeit eine Erganzung zur kritischen Edition der Orgelwerke Buxtehudes dar.

Bach's cantatas are among the highest achievements of Western musical art, yet studies of the individual cantatas that are both illuminating and detailed are quite few. In this book, Eric Chafe combines theological, historical, analytical, and interpretive approaches to the cantatas to offer readers and listeners alike the richest possible experience of these works--that is, given the composer's intentions as well as the enduring and universal qualities of the music itself. Concentrating on a small number of representative cantatas, mostly from the Leipzig cycles of 1723-24 and 1724-25, and in particular on Cantata 77, Chafe illustrates how Bach strove to mirror both the dogma and the mystery of religious experience in musical allegory.

Iain Fenlon explores how music was an 'instrument' of those in power in late Renaissance Italy. Focusing on major urban centres - Mantua, Milan, Rome, Florence, and Venice - he argues that, far from losing its vigour after 1530, Italian culture was in fact transformed, as both individuals and institutions reacted to new political, economic, and religious circumstances.

First full comprehensive guide to one of the most important genres of music in the Middle Ages. Motets constitute the most important polyphonic genre of the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries. Moreover, these compositions are intrinsically involved in the early development of polyphony. This volume - the first to be devotedexclusively to medieval motets - aims to provide a comprehensive guide to them, from a number of different disciplines and perspectives. It addresses crucial matters such as how the motet developed; the rich interplay of musical,poetic, and intertextual modes of meaning specific to the genre; and the changing social and historical circumstances surrounding motets in medieval France, England, and Italy. It also seeks to question many traditional assumptions and received opinions in the area. The first part of the book considers core concepts in motet scholarship: issues of genre, relationships between the motet and other musico-poetic forms, tenor organization, isorhythm, notational development, social functions, and manuscript layout. This is followed by a series of individual case studies which look in detail at a variety of specific pieces, compositional techniques, collections, and subgenres. JARED C. HARTT is Associate Professor of Music Theory at the Oberlin College Conservatory of Music. Contributors: Margaret Bent, Jacques Boogaart, Catherine A. Bradley, Alice V. Clark, Suzannah Clark, KarenDesmond, Lawrence Earp, Sarah Fuller, John Haines, Jared C. Hartt, Elizabeth Eva Leach, Dolores Pesce, Gael Saint-Cricq, Jennifer Saltzstein, Matthew P. Thomson, Stefan Udell, Anna Zayaruznaya, Emily Zazulia

Diese Arbeit untersucht alle vollstandig erhaltenen Instrumentalwerke mit Basso continuo, die zwischen 1595 und 1655 in Italien gedruckt wurden. Einen breiten Raum nehmen dabei detaillierte Beschreibungen ein, z.B. zur Entwicklung der Besetzung von Sonaten in diesem Zeitraum, zur Dominanz der Auenstimmen, zu Kompositionen fur Bassinstrument(e) solo mit B.c., zu Partien fur ein obligates Tasteninstrument und zu Sonaten mit mehreren bezifferten Bassen. Ein ausfuhrliches chronologisches Quellenverzeichnis listet samtliche vorkommenden Bezifferungen auf. Aus dem Inhalt: Die erhaltenen Quellen-Angaben zum Continuoinstrument-Schlusselung, Ambitus und Notationsbesonderheiten der B.c.-Stimme-Entwicklung der Bezifferung.

Der Dienst als Kantor und Organist gehort zu den haufigsten Nebentatigkeiten des Volksschullehrers im 19. Jahrhundert. Er war sowohl von staatlicher als auch von kirchlicher Seite erwunscht und fur die kirchenmusikalische Versorgung im landlichen und kleinstadtischen Bereich von wesentlicher Bedeutung. Um diese Dienstleistung zu sichern, stellte die Ausbildung zum Organisten einen wichtigen Teil der seminaristischen Lehrerbildung im 19. Jahrhundert dar. Die vorliegende Studie beabsichtigt, diese Ausbildung zu erforschen und in ihrer Eigenart darzustellen. Dazu werden Ordnungen fur die Volksschullehrerbildung in Preuen und Bayern, Berichte und Beschreibungen zum Orgelspiel an den Lehrerseminaren sowie behordlich empfohlene Lehrwerke fur den Orgelunterricht analysiert. Einblicke in die konkrete Unterrichtswirklichkeit ermoglicht die Beschreibung des Orgelunterrichts am Lehrerseminar im niederbayerischen Straubing, der anhand von Archivmaterial rekonstruiert werden konnte. Aus dem Inhalt: Der Orgelunterricht an Praparandenanstalten und Lehrerseminaren in Preuen und Bayern--Analyse ausgewahlter Orgelschulen--Einblicke in die Realitat des Orgelunterrichts--Einblicke in den Organistendienst--Zur Trennung von Schul- und Kirchenamt.

Hymnologische Forschung ist per se interdisziplinar und uberkonfessionell. So gehoeren zwar Psalmen, Hymnen, Sequenzen, Kirchenlieder und Neue Geistliche Lieder in das Gebiet der Praktischen Theologie, genauer: der Liturgiewissenschaft. Reflexionen aus Literatur-, Sprach- und Musikwissenschaft sind jedoch nicht nur Beigabe zur theologischen Untersuchung, sondern fuhren aus je eigenem Blickwinkel zu eigenstandigen hymnologischen Erkenntnissen. Dies und ein wachsendes oeffentliches Interesse an der wissenschaftlichen Beschaftigung mit dem religioesen Liedgut moegen dazu beigetragen haben, dass recht schnell eine Neuauflage des Sammelbandes notwendig geworden ist. Er vereinigt AufsNeuauflage des Sammelbandes notwendig geworden ist. Er vereinigt Aufsatze, die auf der Grundlage von Vortragen und wissenschaftlichen Arbeiten im Kontext des interdisziplinaren Forschungsschwerpunktes "Hymnologie" (Arbeitskreis Gesangbuchforschung, Gesangbuch-Archiv, Graduiertenkolleg) an der Universitat Mainz entstanden sind. Grundfragen der Hymnologie (Mentalitats- und Bedeutungswandel sowie Liedbearbeitung) werden eingehend reflektiert. Mittels ausgewahlter Liedstudien sind daruber hinaus Einblicke in die hymnologische Detailarbeit moeglich.

The Bach cantatas are among the highest achievements of Western musical art; yet studies of individual Bach cantatas that are both illuminating and detailed are few in number. In Analysing Bach Cantatas, Eric Chafe combines theological, historical, analytical, and interpretive approaches to the cantatas to offer the reader and listener the richest possible experience of the works, in the light of the composer's intentions and of the enduring and universal qualities of the works. Concentrating on a small number of representative cantatas, mostly from the Leipzig cycles of 1723-24 and 1724-25, and in particular on Cantata 77, Chafe illustrates how Bach strove to mirror both the dogma and the mystery of religious exerience in musical allegory.

This wonderful collection brings together seven well-loved carols, all newly arranged by Mack Wilberg for high voice and piano. Featuring a range of Christmas texts, including 'Bring a torch, Jeannette, Isabella', 'Deck the hall', and 'The Twelve Days of Christmas', it also offers two carols with alternative, original foreign-language options (French and Catalan). With a delightful variety of musical styles and moods, this volume is perfect for recitals, services, and concerts at Christmas time. Also available in a volume for low voice.

The Musical Salvationist frames the Salvation Army's contribution to British musical life through the life story of composer, arranger and musical editor Richard Slater (1854-1939), popularly known as the 'Father of SalvationArmy Music', drawing on his detailed hand-written diaries. The Musical Salvationist frames the musical history of the Salvation Army through the life story of Richard Slater, popularly known as the 'Father of Salvation Army Music'. This book focuses upon the significant contribution of the Salvation Army to British musical life from the late Victorian era until the outbreak of the Second World War in 1939. It demonstrates links between the Army's music-making and working class popular culture, education and religion. Richard Slater [1854-1939] worked in the Army's Musical Department from 1883 until his retirement in 1913. His detailed hand-written diaries reveal new information about his background before he became a Salvationist at the age of 28. He then worked as the principal Salvationist composer, arranger and musical editor of the period and had contact with William Booth, the Army's Founder, who rejoiced in 'robbing the devil of his choicetunes'; George Bernard Shaw who wrote a penetrating critique of a band festival in 1905; and Eric Ball who was to become one of the Army's finest composers. The book illuminates rarely explored aspects of a vibrant Britishmusical tradition, and its adaptation to international contexts. GORDON COX is a former Senior Lecturer in Music Education, University of Reading. Foreword by Dr Ray Steadman-Allen.

This is the first book-length study of the Orgelbüchlein, the masterly collection of organ chorales by J. S. Bach. This 'Little Organ Book' is regarded by Bach scholars as one of the composer's most important achievements and by organ scholars as a milestone in the development of the chorale. Russell Stinson, himself an organist, examines the collection from a range of historical and analytical perspectives in a way that will resonate with not only organists and scholars but the average concert-goer or CD-buyer.

Why do people sing hymns? Are hymns poetry? What makes a good hymn? The author discusses the nature of hymns and their particular appeal, examines the English hymn as a literary form, and systematically describes its development through four centuries, from the Reformation to the mid-twentieth century.

In the seventeenth century Bologna developed a rich and diverse musical culture through the enterprise of musicians attached to the Basilica of S. Petronio and affiliated to the Accademia de'Filarmonici. Their achievements in the field of instrumental music (sonata, concerto) and festive church music (concerted mass) are well documented, but little of their output in the fields of oratorio, amounting to 300 performances in the period 1659-1730, has been subjected to critical scrutiny. This book relates the genesis and development of oratorio in Bologna to the city's religious, political, and cultural aspirations. The oratorio repertory is surveyed in three historical phases: under Cazzati (1657-74), Colonna (1675-95), and Perti (1696-1730), and eight oratorios by the city's leading composers are analysed in detail. A chronological list of performances is given in the Appendix.

The revival of plainchant in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England was a turning point in the history of Anglican and Catholic musical worship. It led in its time to not only the preservation of much-loved melodies, but also to heated controversy. By the middle of the nineteenth-century, plainchant had returned as a central part of traditional liturgy.

This study provides a general introduction to the sources of the plainchant revival in eighteenth- and nineteenth-century England.

This comprehensive collection of essays offers an overview of scholarly and analytical approaches toward the motet in its most varied incarnations from the thirteenth to the seventeenth century. Featuring essays from the top scholars in the field, including Paula Higgins, Craig Monson, Patrick Macey, Anne Walters Robertson, Jessie Ann Owens, Margaret Bent, and Joshua Rifkin, this collection offers, through insightful reading of specific motets and motet repertoires, a broad-ranging analysis of the function and context of the motet in the Middle Ages and the Renaissance.