Computational Legal Studies offers a visionary introduction to the computational turn in law and the resulting emergence of the computational legal studies field. It explores how computational data creation, collection and analysis techniques are transforming the way in which we comprehend and study the law, and the implications that this has for the future of legal studies. Featuring contributions from a diverse set of experts, this thought-provoking book considers the implications of computationally enabled research and the future trajectory of the field. It discusses how technological, scientific and methodological developments are not only making the traditional practice of law more efficient but are also creating new perspectives on the law and shaping how we understand it. Chapters draw on a range of examples of computational legal research to demonstrate how a wide variety of research methods, including natural language processing, machine learning, agent-based modelling, and network analysis, are transforming the relationship between law and computation. This book will prove to be a stimulating read for legal academics looking for a better understanding of this emerging field and for law students interested in new legal research techniques. It will also be a valuable resource for legal firms and computational social scientists interested in examining how law is adopting computational methods.

Advocating for more standardised data governance practices and promoting the digital economy, Data Governance in AI, FinTech and LegalTech investigates the rationale, legal base and tools of data governance in the financial sector. This timely book makes a significant contribution to the debate around how rapidly-evolving digital finance practices should be regulated. Contributions from leading researchers examine a range of financial services, offering a comprehensive assessment of the available tools for constructing multi-layered matrix systems for data governance in the financial services sector. Chapters explore data governance in the cryptocurrency market, crypto-asset providers, legal services for mergers and acquisitions, consumer insurance, consumer finance, digital platform services, securities exchanges and the green bond market. The book serves to define the legal contours of data governance, taking account of the influence of shifting business models, the views of multiple stakeholders and emerging issues surrounding data protection, privacy and cybersecurity. This is a crucial read for scholars of law and finance who are researching data regulation, data governance and financial market law. Exploring both the opportunities and risks arising from the digital transformation of financial markets, it will also be invaluable for practitioners and policy makers working in the financial sector, law, risk management and compliance.

Examining the consequences of technology-driven lifestyles for both crime commission and victimization, this comprehensive Handbook provides an overview of a broad array of techno-crimes as well as exploring critical issues concerning the criminal justice system's response to technology-facilitated criminal activity. The Handbook adopts a unique three-fold typology of technology-enabled crime: techno-crime committed by professional criminals (crime as work), techno-crime committed in traditional workplace settings (crime at work), and techno-crime committed by individuals outside of traditional workplace settings (crime after work.) Chapters explore an extensive range of criminal activities facilitated by the digital age, from embezzlement, financial fraud, corporate espionage, phishing, and ransomware to identity theft, hacking, cyber terrorism, and internet sex and hate crimes. Looking to the future, the Handbook considers timely questions posed by our continued reliance on information technology, including whether we are in danger of becoming a global surveillance state and how we might prevent the facilitation of cyber terrorism by social media giants. This dynamic Handbook will be an invaluable resource for scholars and students interested in criminology, digital sociology, terrorism and security, and surveillance studies. Offering practical insights on the need for a coordinated global techno-crime control strategy, it will serve as a resource for policymakers seeking cutting edge solutions to the growing problem of techno-crime.

This comprehensive Handbook offers an overview of current research on the use of social media within the tourism industry, investigating a range of social media practices and proposing strategies to address key challenges faced by tourist destinations and operators. International contributors analyse both conceptual and practical social media topics, addressing cutting-edge social media issues in destination management and marketing. Drawing on empirical case studies and examples, chapters explore dark tourism, gastro-tourism, travel blogs, electronic word-of-mouth, sentiment analysis and a variety of quantitative and qualitative methodologies. The Handbook also defines central social media concepts and explores the impact they have on the success of tourist destinations, setting the stage for a better understanding of the relationship between social media and tourism. Through an examination of current trends in social media, as well as future trajectories, it provides critical insights for the successful development and implementation of social media marketing strategies. This Handbook will be a critical read for scholars and students of geography and business management, with a specific interest in tourism and hospitality management. Its practical considerations will also be beneficial for planners, policy makers, managers and marketers in the tourism industry.

Delving deep into the emerging international and federal statutory and legislative developments surrounding Autonomous Vehicle (AV) technologies, Atilla Kasap assesses whether current motor vehicle regulations, liability law and the liability insurance system are fit for purpose today and in the future. Making a significant and novel contribution to the field, this cutting-edge book comprehensively surveys the promises offered by AVs, including radically reduced road incidents, and economic, environmental and societal benefits, alongside the significant regulatory and liability problems the technology faces. Kasap finds that, as AVs are one of the most significant and profound technological advances of the 21st century, relying on machine learning and pattern recognition systems to function, the current liability regime surrounding them requires a rethinking. Critically analysing the tort liability of AVs, chapters deconstruct and reconstruct a tort law regime for AVs, ultimately solving how policymakers should approach the challenges faced in regulating and enacting AV legislation. Interdisciplinary in approach, it will prove invaluable to students and scholars of computer science and law, particularly those studying AI and robotics law, and those interested in the regulation and governance of AV technology. It also offers vital tools for policymakers seeking concrete principles on which to define potential laws and regulations for AV technology.

This Research Handbook is an insightful overview of the key rules, concepts and tensions in privacy and data protection law. It highlights the increasing global significance of this area of law, illustrating the many complexities in the field through a blend of theoretical and empirical perspectives. Providing an excellent in-depth analysis of global privacy and data protection law, it explores multiple regional and national jurisdictions, bringing together interdisciplinary international contributions from Europe and beyond. Chapters cover critical topics in the field, including key features of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR), border surveillance, big data, artificial intelligence, and biometrics. It also investigates the relationship between privacy and data protection law and other fields of law, such as consumer law and competition law. With its detailed exploration and insights into privacy and data protection, this Research Handbook will prove a useful resource for information and media law students as well as academics researching fields such as data protection and privacy law and surveillance or security studies.

This comprehensive book provides a detailed survey and practical examination of a wide range of legal and regulatory topics in HealthTech. Combining the insights of leading healthcare experts from around the world, chapters first examine the key characteristics, use cases and regulation in the field, before turning to the development and potential applications of cutting-edge technologies in healthcare. The book also addresses the main issues involved in setting up and running a HealthTech business, highlighting the vital role this will play in developing the technologies and skill sets required for the future of the sector. Key features include: analysis of the impact of emerging innovations on the accessibility, efficiency and quality of healthcare and its effects on healthcare providers examination of artificial intelligence, blockchain and digital identity applications in healthcare, alongside associated regulatory challenges guidance on the financial requirements of healthcare start-ups at different stages of growth and various collaboration and partnership models in the HealthTech market discussion of the major regulatory questions affecting the HealthTech industry, from data protection, public procurement and product liability, to the regulation of medical devices, intellectual property and advertising. HealthTech: Law and Regulation will be an invaluable resource for both in-house lawyers in the healthcare and pharmaceutical sectors, as well as those working for law firms practising in these areas. It will also be of interest to academics and students teaching or researching in healthcare law.

This groundbreaking book explores the new legal and economic challenges triggered by big data, and analyses the interactions among and between intellectual property, competition law, free speech, privacy and other fundamental rights vis-a-vis big data analysis and algorithms. Offering both theoretical and practical insights, contributions illustrate the disruptive nature of the data-driven economy. Chapters discuss how products and services are digitalised and broken into bits, that in turn are reassembled, traded and used across sectors and borders, in contrast to how algorithms are already used to influence our choices, govern our news feeds and revolutionise business models at large. Having shown algorithms and big data to be the two fundamental driving forces of the new information society, expert authors explore which policy options, institutional frameworks and values should be adopted by lawmakers and regulatory authorities in order to ensure a fair balance between private interests such as competition, innovation and the fundamental rights of individuals. Innovatively combining both public and private law perspectives, this unique book will provide a valuable resource for scholars and students of information and technology law, media law, privacy, regulatory and human rights law. Its attention to the latest developments will also prove essential for policymakers and practitioners working in related areas.

Novel Beings is a forward-looking exploration into the divide between proactive and reactive regulatory approaches to the cross-section of biotechnology and artificial intelligence (AI) research. Addressing an innovative area of academic study, Novel Beings questions how this research, which has the potential to create new forms of morally valuable life, could be regulated. This fascinating book examines the promises and perils of conflicting approaches to regulating emerging technologies in the unique context of this probable challenge for law and society. An impressive, and multidisciplinary, selection of expert contributors offer considerations vital to any attempt to address these issues before they become impossible to prevent or rectify. Chapters explore technologies such as genomics, synthetic biology and neurotechnologies, as well the profusion of 'expert systems' - algorithms and simple AI that interweave through everyday life, from smart assistants, to the financial markets, to social media. David Lawrence and Sarah Morley also discuss the global challenges for society and the laws regarding the status of these technological beings, their protections and obligations. This book will appeal to researchers and academics who are interested in the regulation of emerging technology. It will also provide a beneficial new resource for scholars and postgraduate students studying emerging technology in different fields, such as law, bioethics and philosophy.

Informed by the latest theoretical developments in studies of the social impacts of digital technology, Smart-Tech Society provides an empirically grounded and conceptually informed analysis of the impacts and paradoxes of smart-technology. While making life more convenient, smart-tech has also been associated with a loss of privacy and control over decision-making autonomy. Mark Whitehead and William Collier provide a critical analysis of the lived experience of smart-technology, presenting stories of varied social engagements with digital platforms and devices. Chapters explore the myriad contexts in and through which smart-tech insinuates itself within everyday life, the benefits it brings, and the processes through which it is being resisted. Detailed case studies explore the impacts of smart-technology across a broad range of fields including personal health, work, social life, urban management, and politics. Presenting new empirical evidence and analytical perspectives on the relationships between humans and smart-tech, this book will be of interest to academics and students in the fields of sociology, political science, human geography, and technology studies.

Cybercrime is on the rise, and it is becoming easier and easier for criminals to steal your personal information. Toolkits to create viruses, spyware, and other forms of malware are now readily available to anyone wishing to defraud and do damage, and you could be leaving yourself open to attack. It is estimated that standard computer-based defence systems catch only 25% of malware attacks. Do you know the risks you're running online? Are you protected? An Introduction to Hacking and Crimeware answers your concerns and provides a foundation-level overview of the dark world of cybercrime. Know your enemy An Introduction to Hacking and Crimeware is a comprehensive pocket guide to more serious online threats. Knowledge of these threats will help you understand how to ensure that your computer systems are protected and make sure that your business is safe, enabling you to focus on your core activities without fear of attack. Fight back In this pocket guide, the author: *Identifies terms and defines exactly what crimeware is, both intentional and unintentional; *Gives specific, up-to-date examples to help you identify the risks so that you can protect your business; *Explores the increasing use of commercial off-the-shelf (COTS) hacking tools, exposing the enemy's tactics; *Gives practical suggestions of active defence, so you can fight back; *Provides a valuable list of up-to-date, authoritative sources of information, so you can stay abreast of new developments and safeguard your business. An Introduction to Hacking And Crimeware will equip you with the vital information you need to deal with the threats presented by hacking and crimeware in all their many forms, safeguard your online information, and potentially save you and your business from very real danger.

This timely book addresses the increasingly widespread issue of online political hatred in Europe. Taking an interdisciplinary approach, it examines both the contributions of new technologies, in particular social networks, to the rise of this phenomenon, and the legal and political contexts in which it is taking place. Through an analysis of online hate speech and its impacts, Giovanni Ziccardi characterizes contemporary political hatred in Europe, highlighting its victims, communication strategies, and the creation of a cross-national network of extremists enabled by technology. He compares legal and political responses to the problem at both national and EU levels, as well as the approach taken by the US, in order to examine the effectiveness of current measures. Finally, he evaluates possible remedies for the situation, including both legal and technological solutions, and outlines the potential for a unified European framework to counter the spread of hatred online. Online Political Hate Speech in Europe will be an essential read for scholars and students in law and politics looking for an in-depth analysis of this issue. It will also be useful for politicians, policy makers, and practitioners seeking to understand the mechanisms underlying the circulation of political hatred.

Drawing on rich, empirical case studies this innovative book provides a contemporary and comprehensive exploration of the plural, dynamic and precarious processes, materials, practices, interventions and relationships on social network sites, and their resultant power effects, when copyright and data privacy rights are at stake. In pursuit of this objective, chapters develop a cutting-edge conceptual power lens that brings together Actor-Network theory and Foucauldian scholarship on power. Applying this analytical framework to the case studies of Facebook (data protection) and YouTube (copyright), Asma Vranaki draws critical attention to underexplored and novel matters in digital regulation. These matters include resistance; the materiality of regulation; complex, contingent, fragile and dynamic digital 'regulatory spaces'; the contingency of power; law as a heterogenous 'assemblage'; the unintended consequence of local orderings; and the links between power and spaces. Ultimately, the author demonstrates that power effects are highly localised, precarious and contingent outcomes of manifold, complex and fluid alliances between diverse humans and non-humans. Advancing various contentions on how social network sites can be successfully regulated, the empirical analyses and multi-disciplinary approaches in this book will prove invaluable to students, scholars and practitioners of law, particularly those interested in regulation, data protection and copyright in social network sites.

As the COVID-19 pandemic surged in 2020, questions of data privacy, cybersecurity, and ethics of the surveillance technologies centred an international conversation on the benefits and disadvantages of the appropriate uses and expansion of cyber surveillance and data tracking. This timely book examines and answers these important concerns. Pandemic Surveillance frames and defines digital privacy and security in the context of emerging surveillance technologies, providing informed dialogue on international conversations regarding pandemic surveillance. The book examines the challenges of regulating pandemic surveillance technologies across diverse geographical settings, including Europe and Latin America, along with comparative analysis of social credit systems in China and the United States. Margaret Hu and her impressive selection of contributors explore the legal, scientific and ethical challenges in a world with a growing data surveillance architecture, providing policy recommendations and forward-looking solutions, including the importance of ethical frameworks, to minimise potential misuse and abuse of surveillance technologies. Delivering a well-rounded examination of pandemic surveillance and data-tracking technologies, this book is a crucial read for researchers and scholars focused on information security and data privacy, including specialists in the area of cyber ethics and data ethics. Students and academics interested in health policy and bioethics will also benefit from the insights in this text.

Facebook had a problem. Along with its sister platforms Instagram and WhatsApp, it was a daily destination for billions of users around the world, extolling its products for connecting people. But as a succession of scandals rocked Facebook from 2016, some began to question whether the company could control, or even understood, its own platforms.

As Facebook employees searched for answers, what they uncovered was worse than they could've imagined. The problems ran far deeper than politics. Facebook was peddling and amplifying anger, looking the other way at human trafficking, enabling drug cartels and authoritarians and allowing VIP users to break the platform's supposedly inviolable rules.

It turned out to be eminently possible to isolate many of Facebook's worst problems, but whenever employees offered solutions their work was consistently delayed, watered down or stifled by a company that valued user engagement above all else. The only option left was to blow the whistle.

In Broken Code, award-winning Wall Street Journal reporter Jeff Horwitz tells the riveting inside story of these employees and their explosive discoveries, uncovering the shocking cost of Facebook's blind ambition in the process.

Revealing the politics underlying the rapid globalization of facial recognition technology (FRT), this topical book provides a cutting-edge, critical analysis of the expanding global market for FRT, and the rise of the transnational social movement that opposes it. With the use of FRT for policing, surveillance, and business steadily increasing, this book provides a timely examination of both the benefits of FRT, and the threats it poses to privacy rights, human rights, and civil liberties. Interviews with analysts and activists with expertise in FRT find that the anti-FRT movement is highly uneven, with disproportionate influence in Western democracies and relatively little influence in authoritarian states and low-income countries in the developing world. Through a global analysis of the uptake and regulation of FRT, chapters create a holistic understanding of the politics behind this technology. Concluding with a look towards the future prospects of FRT in the face of the growing size, reach, and power of its opposition, the book reflects more broadly on the power of transnational social movements and civil society activism to prevent the globalization and normalization of new technologies. A visionary exploration of FRT, this book will be invaluable to students and scholars of politics and policy, alongside activists, stakeholders, and policy makers interested in the growing power of social movements to resist new technology.

The proliferation of virtual and augmented reality technologies into society raise significant questions for judges, legal institutions, and policy makers. For example, when should activities that occur in virtual worlds, or virtual images that are projected into real space (that is, augmented reality), count as protected First Amendment 'speech'? When should they instead count as a nuisance or trespass? Under what circumstances would the copying of virtual images infringe intellectual property laws, or the output of intelligent virtual avatars be patentable inventions or works of authorship eligible for copyright? And when should a person (or computer) face legal consequences for allegedly harmful virtual acts? The Research Handbook on the Law of Virtual and Augmented Reality addresses these questions and others, drawing upon free speech doctrine, criminal law, the law of data protection and privacy, and of jurisdiction, as well as upon potential legal rights for increasingly intelligent virtual avatars in VR worlds. The Handbook offers a comprehensive look at challenges to various legal doctrines raised by the emergence - and increasing use of - virtual and augmented reality worlds, and at how existing law in the USA, Europe, and other jurisdictions might apply to these emerging technologies, or evolve to address them. It also considers what legal questions about virtual and augmented reality are likely to be important, not just for judges and legal scholars, but also for the established businesses and start-ups that wish to make use of, and help shape, these important new technologies. This comprehensive Research Handbook will be an invaluable reference to those looking to keep pace with the dynamic field of virtual and augmented reality, including students and researchers studying intellectual property law as well as legal practitioners, computer scientists, engineers, game designers, and business owners. Contributors include: W. Barfield, P.S. Berman, M.J. Blitz, S.J. Blodgett-Ford, J. Danaher, W. Erlank, J.A.T. Fairfield, J. Garon, G. Hallevy, B. Lewis, H.Y.F. Lim, C. Nwaneri, S.R. Peppet, M. Risch, A.L. Rossow, J. Russo, M. Supponen, A.M. Underhill, B.D. Wassom, A. Williams, G. Yadin

This forward-looking Research Handbook showcases cutting-edge research on the relationship between international migration and digital technology. It sheds new light on the interlinkages between digitalisation and migration patterns and processes globally, capturing the latest research technologies and data sources. Featuring international migration in all facets from the migration of tech sector specialists through to refugee displacement, leading contributors offer strategic insights into the future of migration and mobility. Covering diverse geographies and using interdisciplinary approaches, contributions provide new analysis of migration futures. A discrete chapter on digital technology and COVID-19 global pandemic offers reflections on how migration and mobility are being profoundly reshaped by the global pandemic. The practical applications and limitations of digital technology in relation to international migration are also highlighted and supported with key case studies. Analytical yet accessible, this Research Handbook will be an invaluable resource for students and scholars in the fields of migration and digital technology, while also being of benefit to policy makers and civil society actors specialising in migration.

This incisive book provides a much-needed examination of the legal issues arising from the data economy, particularly in the light of the expanding role of algorithms and artificial intelligence in business and industry. In doing so, it discusses the pressing question of how to strike a balance in the law between the interests of a variety of stakeholders, such as AI industry, businesses and consumers. Investigating issues at the intersection of trade secrets and personal data as well as the potential legal conflicts to which this can give rise, Gintare Surblyte-Namaviciene examines what kinds of changes to the legal framework the growing data economy may require. Through an analysis of the way in which EU competition law may tackle algorithm-related problems the book also identifies a regulatory gap in the case of algorithmic manipulation in the business-to-consumer relationship. The book further argues that control by public bodies over terms and conditions often used in the data economy may be necessary for the sake of consumer protection. Scholars in competition law and regulatory governance, particularly those with an interest in the impacts of technology, will find this to be critical reading. It will also be beneficial to practitioners and policy makers working at the intersections of regulation and technology.

Digital Platforms and Global Law focuses on digital platforms and identifies their relevant legal profiles in terms of transnational and international law. It qualifies digital platforms as private legal orders, which exercise the legislative, executive, and (para)jurisdictional power within them. Starting from this assumption, the author studies the relationship between these orders and state, transnational, and international orders. The book first explores the reasons for the inadequacy of the current regulatory matrix and goes on to detail the need for a new paradigm; a shift from the current matrix of market regulation to one of negotiation. The author then examines the lack of effectiveness of current tools and explores how better versions, tools of uniform law, are emerging. This unique exploration will appeal to governments, regulatory authorities, digital platforms, businesses, and students and will find further audience with policy makers and practitioners.

Security and Privacy Issues in Internet of Medical Things addresses the security challenges faced by healthcare providers and patients. As IoMT devices are vulnerable to cyberattacks, and a security breach through IoMT devices may act as a pathway for hackers to enter hospital networks, the book covers a very timely topic. The incorporation of blockchain in the healthcare environment has given birth to the Internet of Medical Things (IoMT), which consists of a collection of healthcare systems that espouse groundbreaking technologies. Systems consist of inter-linked sensors, wearable technology devices and clinical frameworks that perform explicit, secure machine-to-machine and cloud platform communications. The significance of IoMT in the field of healthcare is undoubtedly a win-win situation for patients through technology enhancements and a collection of analytics that helps in better diagnosis and treatment. Due to higher accuracy levels, IoMT devices are more reliable in reporting and data tracking and help avoid human errors and incorrect reporting.

Designing User Experience presents a comprehensive introduction to the practical issue of creating interactive systems, services and products from a human-centred perspective. It develops the principles and methods of human-computer interaction (HCI) and Interaction Design (ID) to deal with the design of twenty-first-century computing and the demands for improved user experience (UX). It brings together the key theoretical foundations of human experiences when people interact with and through technologies. It explores UX in a wide variety of environments and contexts.