Motivation, Learning, and Technology is a fresh, thorough, and practical introduction to motivational research, theories, and applications for learning and instruction. Written for both instructional designers and teachers, this foundational textbook combines learning design and learning technologies, synthesis of current research and models, and practical advice for those looking to improve how they motivate learners. Building from existing models in an interactional, holistic approach, J. Michael Spector and Seung Won Park guide readers through all steps of educational motivation, from designing a motivation plan through implementation and assessment.

Among the most powerful messages translated from brain research to educational practice are that learning occurs best when: Prior knowledge is activated Students are actively engaged Connections are created and reinforced Opportunities are incorporated for reflection and metacognition Student-to-student interactive social learning is promoted This book from an international trainer and consultant goes the next step and uses these findings to inform practical implementation for literacy. The author briefly targets the relevant research and moves quickly to providing tools and strategies for teachers to use for motivation and engagement, and specifically to improve teaching and learning in the literacy domains of vocabulary and comprehension. While additional research rationale is sprinkled throughout the book, the format is 10% research and theory and 90% practical tools and strategies for classrooms. This book is packed with use-today resources for teachers to get all students off the sidelines and fully engagd in literacy learning.

Published in 1975, Margaret Mathieson has drawn on her experience both in schools and in the training of English teachers to relate the discussions and writings of the previous two centuries to the debate, probably livelier than ever before, among English practitioners about the role of their subject. Of all subjects 'English' can be the most stimulating and also the most problematic. In order to assess the continual discussion and controversy about English, its nature, purpose and place in the curriculum, an understanding of its development as a subject and its entry into the teaching timetable is invaluable. For over a hundred and fifty years educators have been making different claims for English as a subject in school and higher education. This book contains a careful, clear examination of the conflicting views of these 'preachers of culture' on the four main activities within English - literature, creativity, discrimination and classroom discussion. These preachers were, in Matthew Arnold's words, to have 'a hard time of it' as English struggled to establish itself; at every stage of the subject's growth urgent demands have been made for teachers with exceptional qualities to undertake the heavy responsibilities of English in the classroom, and it can be seen from this study that an over-abundance of advice often contributed to the dilemmas and tensions among the teachers themselves and between English and other subjects. The final section of the book is concerned less with making recommendations than with drawing conclusions from the evidence of the past. It shows that generations of writers on English teaching, from Culture and Anarchy to Stepney Words, provide vital insights into the state of the subject today.

Motivation, Learning, and Technology is a fresh, thorough, and practical introduction to motivational research, theories, and applications for learning and instruction. Written for both instructional designers and teachers, this foundational textbook combines learning design and learning technologies, synthesis of current research and models, and practical advice for those looking to improve how they motivate learners. Building from existing models in an interactional, holistic approach, J. Michael Spector and Seung Won Park guide readers through all steps of educational motivation, from designing a motivation plan through implementation and assessment.

Arts-Based Methods in Education Around the World aims to investigate arts-based encounters in educational settings in response to a global need for studies that connect the cultural, inter-cultural, cross-cultural, and global elements of arts-based methods in education. In this extraordinary collection, contributions are collected from experts all over the world and involve a multiplicity of arts genres and traditions. These contributions bring together diverse cultural and educational perspectives and include a large variety of artistic genres and research methodologies. The topics covered in the book range from policies to pedagogies, from social impact to philosophical conceptualisations. They are informative on specific topics, but also offer a clear monitoring of the ways in which the general attention to the arts in education evolves through time.

Wisdom that's been inspiring, motivating, and guiding teachers for two decades The Courage to Teach speaks to the joys and pains that teachers of every sort know well. Over the last 20 years, the book has helped countless educators reignite their passion, redirect their practice, and deal with the many pressures that accompany their vital work. Enriched by a new Foreword from Diana Chapman Walsh, the book builds on a simple premise: good teaching can never be reduced to technique. Good teaching comes from the identity and integrity of the teacher, that core of self where intellect, emotion, and spirit converge--enabling 'live encounters' between teachers, students, and subjects that are the key to deep and lasting learning. Good teachers love learners, learning, and the teaching life in a way that builds trust with students and colleagues, animates their daily practice, and keeps them coming back tomorrow. Reclaim your own vision and purpose against the threat of burn-out Understand why good teaching cannot be reduced to technique alone Explore and practice the relational traits that good teachers have in common Learn how to forge learning connections with your students and "teach across the gap" Whether used for personal study, book club exploration, or professional development, The Courage to Teach is rich with time-honored wisdom, and contemporary clarity about the ancient arts of teaching and learning.

How did we let teacher burn-out happen, and what can we do about it - before it's too late? This brave and disruptive book accurately defines the problems of low teacher morale and offers systemic, future-proof and realistic solutions to bringing hope, energy and joy back to the profession. The simple answer is staring us in the face: increase teacher agency. Our rallying cry: our profession needs a return to values of humanity, pride, and professionalism. From research literacy to a collective voice, better CPD to smarter accountability, contributors to this book demonstrate the huge scope for increased teacher influence at every level of the education sector. Education voices including Sam Twiselton, Alison Peacock, David Weston and Andy Hargreaves, supported by a broad range of academics and policy makers, vouch for increased teacher agency and stronger, more powerful networks as a means of improving practice, combatting teacher disillusionment, and radically improving UK education. This text offers an exciting and hopeful perspective on education; urging teachers to work together to 'flip the system' and challenging policy makers to help... or get out of the way. Chapters have been contributed by Tom Bennett, Peter Ford, Jonathan Firth, David Weston, David Williams, Zeba Clarke, Julie Smith, Dr Robert Loe, Jeremy Pattle, Debra Kidd, Steven Watson, Ross Morrison McGill, George Gilchrist, Howard Stevenson, Professor Dame Alison Peacock, d'Reen Struthers, Phil Wood, Rae Snape, Simon Gibbs, Ross Hall, Jackie Ward, Simon Knight, David Frost, Sheila Ball, Sarah Lightfoot, Andy Hargreaves, Darren Macey, Gary Farrell, Julian Critchley, Tony Gallagher, Gareth Alcott, Sam Twiselton, Jelmer Evers, Alma Harris, Michelle Jones, Natalie Scott, Deborah M. Netolicky, Jon Andrews, Cameron Paterson, Per Kornhall, Joe Hallgarten, Tom Beresford and Sara Hjelm.

In early childhood settings, children and teachers interact all day long. The benefits to everyone-teachers and children-are enormous when even some of those everyday interactions become intentional and purposeful Powerful Interactions! In step one of a Powerful Interaction, Be Present, you pause to tune in to how you are feeling and consider how you might need to adjust to create a "just-right" fit with a child. In step two, Connect, you let that child know that you see her; are interested in what she is doing, saying, and thinking; and want to spend time with her. Deepening your relationship this way helps the child feel safe, confident, and open to learning. Staying connected and observant helps you make good decisions in step three. In step three, Extend Learning, you make use of your strong connection with the child to stretch her knowledge, skills, thinking, or language and vocabulary just a bit. Now revised and updated, this reflective guide contains everything you need to understand what Powerful Interactions are, how to make them happen, and why they are so important in increasing children's learning and your effectiveness as a teacher. Whether you work in a child care center or family child care setting, Early Head Start or Head Start program, or a public pre-K or primary classroom, you make a difference in the lives of children and families-and Powerful Interactions can make that difference even bigger.

This book examines teacher candidates' experiences with gender and sexuality in the classroom, offering insight and strategies to better prepare teachers and teacher educators to support lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer/questioning (LGBTQ) youth and families.

Spoken Language is a key component of the primary national curriculum and is fundamental to children's language development and learning. The need for teachers to develop talk in its own right and also use talk as a means of learning is central to effective primary practice. In the past, Initial Teacher Education and CPD have focused on literacy (reading and writing) to the detriment of speaking and listening. However, research strongly supports talk as fundamental to learning and teaching. It has also been identified as an area where teachers feel less confident. This fully updated third edition of Unlocking Speaking and Listening tackles key issues surrounding spoken language with rigour, depth and a strong focus on research, providing education professionals with clear, practical strategies for engaging in purposeful talk, while also celebrating children's implicit understanding and love of the spoken word. Drawing on recent classroom research, Unlocking Speaking and Listening considers what children and teachers need to know in order to develop as effective speakers and listeners. The book addresses: Planning and assessing talk Drama and storytelling Working with EAL children Developing talk in Science and Mathematics Special educational needs Using technology to enhance children's communication Two new chapters on the importance of talk to underpin children's reading development are also included. With contributions from experts in the field, this vital and fully updated resource will help both trainee and practising primary teachers understand and promote the importance of speaking and listening as an effective tool for learning across the primary curriculum.

How did we let teacher burn-out happen, and what can we do about it - before it's too late? This brave and disruptive book accurately defines the problems of low teacher morale and offers systemic, future-proof and realistic solutions to bringing hope, energy and joy back to the profession. The simple answer is staring us in the face: increase teacher agency. Our rallying cry: our profession needs a return to values of humanity, pride, and professionalism. From research literacy to a collective voice, better CPD to smarter accountability, contributors to this book demonstrate the huge scope for increased teacher influence at every level of the education sector. Education voices including Sam Twiselton, Alison Peacock, David Weston and Andy Hargreaves, supported by a broad range of academics and policy makers, vouch for increased teacher agency and stronger, more powerful networks as a means of improving practice, combatting teacher disillusionment, and radically improving UK education. This text offers an exciting and hopeful perspective on education; urging teachers to work together to 'flip the system' and challenging policy makers to help... or get out of the way. Chapters have been contributed by Tom Bennett, Peter Ford, Jonathan Firth, David Weston, David Williams, Zeba Clarke, Julie Smith, Dr Robert Loe, Jeremy Pattle, Debra Kidd, Steven Watson, Ross Morrison McGill, George Gilchrist, Howard Stevenson, Professor Dame Alison Peacock, d'Reen Struthers, Phil Wood, Rae Snape, Simon Gibbs, Ross Hall, Jackie Ward, Simon Knight, David Frost, Sheila Ball, Sarah Lightfoot, Andy Hargreaves, Darren Macey, Gary Farrell, Julian Critchley, Tony Gallagher, Gareth Alcott, Sam Twiselton, Jelmer Evers, Alma Harris, Michelle Jones, Natalie Scott, Deborah M. Netolicky, Jon Andrews, Cameron Paterson, Per Kornhall, Joe Hallgarten, Tom Beresford and Sara Hjelm.

Originally published in 1992. This book brings together the work of a number of distinguished international researchers engaged in basic research on beginning reading. Individual chapters address various processes and problems in learning to read - including how acquisition gets underway, the contribution of story listening experiences, what is involved in learning to read words, and how readers represent information about written words in memory. In addition, the chapter contributors consider how phonological, onset-rime, and syntactic awareness contribute to reading acquisition, how learning to spell is involved, how reading ability can be explained as a combination of decoding skill plus listening comprehension skill, and what causes reading difficulties and how to study these causes.

Offers practical strategies on asking deeper questions and preparing students to answer such questions. Contains examples and an action plan to help you implement the ideas. Can be used independently or in school- or district-wide book studies.

Originally published in 1998. This book presents a model of social-contextual influences on children's literacy and literate language. Literate language is similar to the language teachers use and to the language used in reading books for young children. Based on a longitudinal study in homes and schools, the authors here present the results of how diverse and close social relationships influence children's literacy learning as they progress through the first three years of formal schooling, and discuss implications for teaching practice. Different types of reading matter in the home are examined and it is suggested that peers are helpful to the learning of literacy. Rather than separate friends as often happens in the classroom, this book suggest that interaction should be encouraged. It will be of interest to researchers and students of developmental and educational psychology, and to anyone interested in early cognitive and social development.

Originally published in 1986. This is an excellent resourcebook for the holistic teaching of language and the arts. The book works its way through theories of language acquisition and literacy before specifically discussing the role of the arts in literacy education and the integration approach. Each chapter has an extensive annotated bibliography detailing the resources available. The final listing includes both resources for teachers but also the children. Bridging the gap between theory and practice, this sociopsycholinguistic account will be of great use to anyone seeking a better understanding of teaching and learning reading and writing.

An almost universal driving force for contemporary change in universities is the shifting view of higher education as more of a private than a public good. Towards the Private Funding of Higher Education presents a contemporary global picture of this move towards the privatisation of higher education, and examines how these shifts in ideology and funding priorities have significant policy implications. The resulting developments, such as the imposition and escalation of student tuition fees and the emergence of online providers of higher education, emerge out of a combination of economic, political and ideological pressures, further enhanced by technological changes. By using multiple international and regional examples to analyse the various pressures for privatisation, this book examines the different forms privatisation has taken, whilst offering an analytical interpretation of why the privatisation drive emerged, why it has been resisted in some instances and what forms it is likely to assume in the future. Towards the Private Funding of Higher Education illustrates and challenges the emergence of a new relationship between the university, government and society. It is an essential read for higher education professors, university managers and higher education policy makers across the world.

Practical Teaching: A Guide to Teaching in the Education and Training Sector is the perfect companion for those studying or teaching the new Award, Certificate and/or Diploma in Education and Training, PGCE, Cert Ed and all Initial Teacher Training Qualifications. This comprehensive new title is the ultimate handbook for the student teacher wishing to pursue the next stage of training in the Further Education Sector, and it follows the success of Linda Wilson's previous Practical Teaching guides. Drawing on years of experience in the field, Linda Wilson takes readers through all aspects of teaching and learning; from the initial interviews and inductions through the learning process, to assessment and finally reflection, offering helpful and workable tips for success along the way. Her book offers practical ideas for teaching in an easy-to-read style. Essential theory is introduced on a need-to-know basis, and is set in the context of its application within the classroom. This text is also updated to include strategies for improving teaching and learning in line with guidance from the Common Inspection Framework, and it is a useful tool to provide CPD for qualified teachers.

Originally published in 1982. This book charts the reading progress of ten children through their first three years at school, concentrating particularly on their problems and the ways they coped with them. The author uses these case studies to analyse the children's understanding, experience of behaviour associated with literacy, and developing knowledge of spelling in the early stages of learning to read. Her analysis of the children's difficulties and successes, against the background of their home experience, classroom activities and teachers' methods, calls in question any simplistic generalisations about the ways that background and teaching method can affect reading progress.

Originally published in 1994. Without sufficient skill in reading, secondary education is virtually impossible. Yet many pupils reach this point with reading skills far below those which would enable them to benefit from the texts put before them. This book gives teachers of 9 to 14 year olds a readily accessible and simple account of how peer-tutoring can be organised to elevate the reading performance of low-achieving readers. The book outlines the various options available to teachers including relaxed or shared reading with a partner; paired reading using 'reading together' and 'reading alone' techniques; and the more rigorous 'pause, prompt and praise' techniques for those pupils needing more sustained and systematic support.

Originally published in 1976. How do children learn to write? What stages to they pass through in mastering this skill? What part can teachers play in aiding their development? These are some of the questions that this book sets out to answer. This book offers a perspective on writing which places children's language resources and their development at its centre. It discusses the purpose of writing, ways of classifying its variety, providing contexts for writing, its treatment in schools and methods for helping children to overcome difficulties. A section explores the arguments for a writing policy or programme in schools, and offering guidance on considerations that shape policy making.

Originally published in 1992. This book advocates and demonstrates the benefits of an anthropological approach that recognizes the centrality of culture in the educational process. This approach encompasses knowledge and understanding of other cultures' patterns of interaction, values, institutions, metaphors and symbols as well as cross-cultural communication skills. Ethnographic studies of multi-ethnic classrooms and schools in their community context are presented in this excellent volume with a view to informing practice and policy concerning the education of language minority students and teachers, and anyone with an interest in foreign language education and bilingual education.

Originally published in 2000. This book provides insights, practical suggestions and clear-cut strategies for integrating media across the K-12 curriculum. This contribution to teaching and curriculum design uses students' own media experiences or media vignettes from students' lives to enter teaching and learning. It provides a road map for teachers longing to reflect and take seriously the knowledge students bring to school from their homes and communities, and to draw upon this background to develop students' critical thinking, viewing and reading of written texts, visuals, and other electronic images and messages.

The use of self-instructional learning materials, presented through a wide range of media, was becoming an increasingly pervasive and important part of the educational scene at all levels, from infant school to university. Much had been written, both theoretical and practical, about various aspects of the techniques for developing such materials. However, one phase of the development process, while generally recognised to be critical in producing materials of high quality and educational effectiveness, had been relatively neglected in the literature. This is the phase of trying out the materials in draft form on students, collecting feedback and undertaking revision in the light of the ensuing data. Based on considerable practical experience, this book, originally published in 1980, examines the planning and executing of the collection of feedback from students, on self-instructional learning materials concerned with various subject-matters and presented through various media, both printed and audio-visual. A brief survey of the development of materials-based learning is provided in order to set the use of student feedback in context, and to sort out some of the terminology in common use. The main part of the book illustrates a step by step method through all the stages of the try-out process, from initial planning of the project to final revision of the materials. Thus a particular approach to the process of trying out draft materials is advocated, which is outlined by means of a case study. Finally, there is an examination of whether using student feedback to revise learning materials can actually improve their educational quality and effectiveness, with particular reference to the approach described earlier. Incorporating a full bibliography, this study combines a comprehensive review of what is known about this crucial phase of developing learning materials, with an original 'how to do it' guide for practitioners which has itself been subject to extensive try-out.

As a teacher, you are required to use your voice more than any other professional! Your voice is the most important tool that you have at your disposal to inspire students and help them learn effectively. Using your voice powerfully and effectively is the key to becoming an outstanding teacher. Developing a strong vocal presence in the classroom influences everything else that you do, helping to build your confidence and positive interactions with students. If you neglect your voice as a teacher, you are more likely to end up stressed, have a shorter teaching career and suffer from vocal health issues. This book explores how you can learn to use your voice effectively in the classroom, linking together basic theory about vocal production and teacher identity with numerous practical tips, tricks and exercises which you can apply to your own teaching. Covering all aspects of the voice and its employment both inside the classroom and its importance to daily life outside, the book tackles topics such as: the philosophy of the voice, how it develops and its role in creating your own identity the mechanical and mental skills required to develop a teaching voice acquiring confidence and an exploration of body language to underpin your vocal production the relationship between the student's voice and the teacher's voice the importance of practice for a teacher the practicality of caring for one's voice. Using Your Voice Effectively in the Classroom offers a much-needed exploration and thorough examination of the voice in the classroom and will be an indispensable guide for trainee teachers, as well as valuable reading for all practising teachers.

Published in 1995, this book comprises a group of original studies in education. It includes detailed empirically-based accounts of a variety of educational settings which are under represented in the sociological literature, for instance special schools, psychiatric adolescent units, further education colleges and government policy settings. Studies of other neglected issues include teachers' understandings of subject, the promotion of cross curricular themes and pupils' acquisition of knowledge about menstruation. Ethnographic fieldwork in Maltese classrooms and a study of Asian pupils in a Welsh school provide an international dimension to the volume. Most contributions draw on ethnographic approaches and by using close observation and / or in-depth interviews they capture the internal workings of a classroom, institution or culture.