This is an introduction to interactionist work in education during the 1970s and 80s. The interactionist viewpoint concentrates on how people construct meanings in the ebb and flow of everyday life - what they think and do, how they react to one another - and has in recent years established itself as one of the leading approaches in education. It has generated illuminating research studies which, by being firmly based in the real world of teaching and dealing with the fine-grained details of school life, have helped to break down the barriers between teacher and researcher. This volume presents the results of this valuable work, within a coherent theoretical framework, by focusing on the major interactionist concepts of situation, perspectives, cultures, strategies, negotiation and careers. By bringing them together in this way, the author demonstrates their collective potential for the deeper understanding of school life and the possibilities for sociological theory. His book therefore offers both a summary of and a reflection on achievement in the area of interactionism as it relates to schools.

This book reviews the educational experience of the 1960s and 1970s and to suggest ways of approaching major contemporary themes such as equality, accountability and standards. The author underlines a nineteenth and twentieth-century sociological tradition in analysing education and covers a range of educational themes including aspects of schooling and higher education, education as social policy, knowledge as power, and teaching and adolescence. He draws on the social history of many of the processes, concepts and debates. Parts of the book derive from research into the history and contemporary forms of these problems in the USA. The volume therefore illuminates important contemporary issues in education and society by using historical, sociological and comparative insights.

This interdisciplinary textbook provides an introduction to the many theoretical developments and controversies which took place in the sociology and politics of education during the 1970s and 80s. The book Discusses the arguments concerning humanist and structuralist Marixsm. Provides a clear and concise introduction to structuralism and post-structuralism (work of Derrida, Lacan and Foucault) and theorises in the ways they contribute to Marxism or are subversive of it. Relates these theoretical perspectives to education and the practice of teachers.

What is the most significant factor for explaining why some individuals are more successful than others - genetic inheritance, privileged background or luck? Although conventional approaches stress the prime importance of one of these, Tyler argues that such theories fail to deal adequately with the complexity of educational inequality and suggests that Boudon's model of opportunity and mobility would provide us with a more productive explanation. By applying this model to post-war British education he shows how we might effectively think our approaches to the 'cycle of deprivation', comprehensive reform and educational spending.

Stephen Rowland explores the relationship between the turor (or facilitator) and the professional worker on post-experience professional courses. His emphasis in on the processes of reflection and enquiry in professional learning and is not content specific. Drawing upon his experience as a course tutor and the perspectives of students, he suggests an approach to professional learing which is firmly rooted in the experience and interests of the student.

Survival as a school teacher depends on an ability to achieve classroom control. In the years since this book was first published little has changed in this respect. Classroom control continues to lie at the heart of competent teaching. Teachers know it, pupils know it. They know it implicitly because they experience it as a normal part of their daily lives in schools. But, in this book, the author stands back from our everyday knowledge about how things work in classrooms to ask what control actually consists of. What is it? How is it recognized? How is it challenged by pupils? How is done by teachers? How is it negotiated? Drawing on extensive ethnographic fieldwork in three large secondary schools in England Martyn Denscombe explores the meaning of classroom control. He looks at the influence of teacher training and the role of school organization in establishing expectations about control, and then shows how control is played out through the interaction of teachers and pupils in class. His analysis travels well across the many contexts in which teaching occurs and provides an illuminating insight into the work of teaching and the nature of classroom life. His evidence is drawn from ethnographic fieldwork in three schools in England, and secondary sources covering the phenomenon of classroom control in the UK, USA and Australia.

This book introduces the student to the various phenomenological and humanistic Marxist perspectives as they are being applied to education and provides an account of the strengths and weaknesses of these perspectives, drawing on a variety of disciplines in order to explain the controversies described. The opening chapters deal with the phenomenological perspective in the sociology of education, discussing its adoption of a phenomenological model of man, its use of anthropological studies, the importance of classroom studies, and its rejection of the 'liberal' philosophy of education. The aim is to show the significance of these ideas for education, with a discussion of the concept of alienation and schooling, developments in Marxism such as the focus on the mode of production and the labour process, and the political economy of education.

Very little is known about the quality of the learning experiences provided for pupils. This book contains the results of a major research project, conducted in a sample of English primary schools, in which particular attention was paid to the tasks children were assigned, to the degree of match between assigned tasks and pupil attainment, to the detailed observation of children at work. The teacher's problems in assigning work appropriate to children's attainments and the special problem of matching posed by the transfer of children from one class to another were also subjected to analysis. Lessons learned from the project were used as a basis for the design of an in-service course for teachers. The course, which was aimed at improving teachers' matching skills was closely evaluated. The report contains data and analysis pertinent to each of the above issues. The findings reveal that despite the conscientious efforts of able teachers a number of serious issues are apparent - particularly in areas such as classroom organization and teacher diagnosis of children's work.

This book describes the attempts that have been made to achieve an educational policy relevant to those most disadvantaged in our society; examines the different ways in which sociologists have conceptualized the related problems; and evaluates the success of the policy. He suggests that we are in need both of a more realistically defined view of what schools can do and a concerted official approach to compensatory policy.

This book explores the complex social assumptions and values that underlie research programmes about schools. The analysis of educational research draws upon American and European scholarships in the sociology of knowledge, social philosophy and the history and sociology of science. The discussion considers first the communal, crafts and social characteristics of educational research. Three research models empirical-analytic, symbolic or linguistic and critical sciences are given attention. The discussion of the three research models is to illuminate how the constellation of commitments, assumptions and practices inter-relate to perform a paradigm giving different and conflicting definitions to the meaning of educational theory and to the use of the particular techniques of enquiry. The social role of educational research and the researcher is also considered.

In industrialized societies the needs of people living in remote and sparsely populated areas are easily overlooked, whilst in developing countries the needs of the rural population are at once so obvious and so enormous that our practical concern is blunted. In this volume it is clearly demonstrated that the relationship between environment and schooling is no less pertinent in rural areas than urban areas, although most recent attention has been directed towards the latter. Roy Nash seeks to redress the balance and in this wide-ranging and comprehensive analysis he examines the educational needs of rural people both in the declining periphery of urban Europe and in the resource-starved areas of the developing world.

Introducing creativity to the classroom is a concern for teachers, governments and future employers around the world, and there has been a drive to make experiences at school more exciting, relevant, challenging and dynamic for all young people, ensuring they leave education able to contribute to the global creative economy. Creative Learning to Meet Special Needs shows teachers how to use creativity in the curriculum for key stages 2 and 3 to support the learning of pupils with special educational needs in a way which effectively engages them and leaves a lasting impact on their school experiences and later lives. Describing the different ways in which a creative approach can help pupils with SEN access the curriculum, with activities and practical materials for teachers, this book will explain: why creativity is central to making the curriculum accessible how to use personalised learning with pupils with SEN how to promote achievements and motivation through creative experiences how the curriculum can be extended and represented in innovative ways for pupils with SEN how to use interactive methods of teaching and alternative methods of communication. Providing case studies and examples of the ways in which teachers have delivered the curriculum creatively to pupils with special educational needs, this book is an invaluable guide for all those involved in teaching and engaging young people with special needs.

Fueled largely by significant increases in the Latino population, the racial, ethnic, and linguistic texture of the United States is changing rapidly. Nowhere is this Latinization of America more evident than in schools. Dramatic population growth among Latinos in the United States in recent decades has not been accompanied by similar sizeable gains in the academic achievement of this group. Data regarding the academic achievement of Latino students are alarming. Estimates suggest that approximately half of Latino students fail to complete high school, and too few enroll in and complete college. As educators, researchers, and policymakers search for solutions to address the underachievement of Latino youth in schools, they often ignore the perspectives of those most directly affected by the problem namely Latino youth themselves. In contrast, "The Latinization of U.S. Schools" moves beyond general statistical portraits and centers on the voices of youth to critically examine how a group of Latino students makes meaning of policies and practices within schools, such as tracking and the virtual exclusion of Latinos from the curriculum. These perspectives, although often suppressed within schools, expose an inequitable opportunity structure that results in depressed academic performance for many Latino youth. Perhaps most significant, each chapter concludes with empirically based recommendations for educators seeking to improve their practice with Latino youth stemming from a multiyear participatory action research project conducted by Irizarry and the student contributors to the text. "

Theorising Teaching in Secondary Classrooms is for all teachers who wish to fully understand and improve upon their own practice. It encourages you to reflect on and conceptualise your teaching, and helps you understand how your practice is connected to the social, cultural, political and institutional contexts in which you teach.

Considering the latest international research literature and extensively illustrated with quotes from real beginning and experiences secondary school teachers talking about their teaching, it explores nine fundamental aspects of teaching that make up the sociocultural jigsaw . Key issues considered include:

• the relationship between teacher and student
• classroom management
• teaching and communication for learning
• formative assessment
• teaching in diverse classrooms
• ethics in the school.

Theorising Teaching in Secondary Classrooms both challenges and supports you as you explore and endeavour to makes sense of the many facets of professional practice. It is highly valuable reading for all those engaged in initial teacher education, professional development and Masters degrees .

A Practical Guide to Teaching Physical Education in the Secondary School is written for all student teachers on university and school-based initial teacher education programmes. It offers a wealth of tried and tested strategies together with practical activities and materials to support your teaching to enhance pupils' learning. It is designed for you to dip in and out of, and enable you to focus on specific areas of teaching, your programme or pupils' learning. This third edition is fully updated with the most recent developments in teaching physical education and features five brand new chapters. Key topics covered include: Planning schemes of work, units of work and lessons Safe practice, risk assessment and risk management Promoting positive behaviour Applying theories of learning to your practice Overcoming barriers and maximising the achievement of all pupils Assessing learning Physical literacy NEW Health related learning NEW Using digital technologies NEW Reflective practice and action research Managing your workload, resilience, health and well-being NEW Working with your mentor NEW Photocopiable resources offer assistance in lesson observation, planning, preparation, teaching and evaluation. An annotated 'Further resources' section at the end of each chapter provides information about some useful additional resources to support you in your development as a teacher. Illustrated throughout with examples of existing good practice, this highly practical resource offers valuable support and guidance to all student teachers as well as those in the early years of their teaching career. Although A Practical Guide to Teaching Physical Education in the Secondary School, 3rd Edition can be used successfully on its own, it is also a companion to Learning to Teach Physical Education in the Secondary School, 5th Edition and can be used to reinforce the basic teaching skills covered in that core textbook.

Outlines process for designing student experiences rather than lesson plans; Provides space for reflection questions and key takeaways; Written in a refreshing conversational tone.

Introducing creativity to the classroom is a concern for teachers, governments and future employers around the world, and there has been a drive to make experiences at school more exciting, relevant, challenging and dynamic for all young people, ensuring they leave education able to contribute to the global creative economy. Creative Approaches to Improving Participation examines ways in which young people have been given a creative voice in the classroom, and have actively participated in their own learning, transforming classrooms, curricula, assessment structures and teaching practices. Promoting reflection on current 'student-teacher-school' relationships, the contributions within this book illustrate how the active engagement of students can lead to greater motivation, self-reliance and risk-taking, skills essential for a successful post-school career. Through an exploration of students' current inclusion in school life, this book provides: a study of key issues and debates surrounding student participation ideas for increasing student participation and 'personalised learning' case studies from a range of creative learning projects with analysis of their achievements guidance on the creation of active pedagogies practical suggestions for reflective practice. A practical, accessible guide to creatively increasing students' participation, this book is valuable reading for all practising and trainee teachers, school managers and school leaders working with young people in education.

Turning Pupils on to Learning documents and makes visible how creative learning approaches can engage and motivate children in their learning. The book features six case studies of creative learning projects that cover the early years through to Key Stage 3 which are written by the teachers and creative practitioners involved. From the creation of new learning spaces to wider curriculum innovation, the case studies discuss the need for the projects, how they came about, the activities and challenges and the lasting outcomes for teachers and pupils. They describe a model of learning that offers an ethical way for children to engage with the world, which develops their creative skills and supports high achievement. Each case study is supported by a wealth of questions and activities designed to provoke personal reflection and professional development discussions with colleagues. Turning Pupils on to Learning also features an accessible overview of the key issues and debates of the book. It comprehensively explains: What is meant by creativity, engagement and motivation in learning The critical importance of developing a creative pedagogy How to implement creative initiatives that motivate young people The value of listening to young people's voices How to influence school and classroom culture which engages pupils This practical book is an invaluable guide for all those involved in teaching and engaging young people.

This book is a compiled collection of papers on lived experiences and stories of teaching and learning to teach. Organized around the themes of discovery, transformation, and hope as reflected in teachers' and student teachers' narratives and stories, the contributors focus on the subjective meanings and interpretations invoked in teaching and learning to teach, including affective and psychological meanings, such as attitudes, knowledge and experiences. Drawing on narrative inquiry as a method of data collection and analysis, the book provides an international view of how research conducted in several different locations views teaching and teacher education and how diverse cultures embrace narrative as a way of knowing, learning, teaching and researching.

The most rapid and significant phase of development occurs in the first three years of a child's life. The Supporting Children from Birth to Three series focuses on the care and support of the youngest children. Each book takes a key aspect of working with this age group and gives clear and detailed explanations of relevant theories together with practical examples to show how such theories translate into good working practice. It is widely known that babies and infants will flourish in an environment that supports and promotes their learning and development. But what constitutes an appropriate environment for children under three? Drawing on recent research, this book explores the concept of an appropriate environment, both within and beyond the early years setting. It sets this within the context of child development and practically demonstrates how a high quality environment can be created for babies and children under three that supports their learning and development. Features include: * clear explanation of relevant theories * case studies and examples of good practice * focus points for readers * questions for reflective practice Providing a wealth of practical ideas and activities, this handy text provides detailed guidance on how to develop an appropriate indoor and outdoor environment for babies and children under three to help practitioners ensure effective outcomes for the youngest children in their care.

This book reviews the current state of theoretical accounts of the what and how of science learning in schools. The book starts out by presenting big-picture perspectives on key issues. In these first chapters, it focuses on the range of resources students need to acquire and refine to become successful learners. It examines meaningful learner purposes and processes for doing science, and structural supports to optimize cognitive engagement and success. Subsequent chapters address how particular purposes, resources and experiences can be conceptualized as the basis to understand current practices. They also show how future learning opportunities should be designed, lived and reviewed to promote student engagement/learning. Specific topics include insights from neuro-imaging, actor-network theory, the role of reasoning in claim-making for learning in science, and development of disciplinary literacies, including writing and multi-modal meaning-making. All together the book offers leads to science educators on theoretical perspectives that have yielded valuable insights into science learning. In addition, it proposes new agendas to guide future practices and research in this subject.

The main feature of an outstanding lesson is that all students make progress. Taking the structure of a lesson as the starting point, this book demonstrates how assessment for learning can be used to enhance and support all aspects of the learning process. Including chapters on embedding assessment during each phase of the lesson, using assessment data to inform planning, questioning techniques and feedback, the book will help you to use assessment effectively to produce outstanding results. Packed full of practical strategies, this book shows you how you can make assessment meaningful in the classroom, directly impacting your students and creating a more autonomous learning environment. It is written specifically with the class teacher in mind and draws on a range of different examples across many subjects to deliver ideas that can be translated with ease to everyday teaching practices. With a strong focus on including assessment practices in the planning process to achieve outstanding results, this book covers: assessment for learning and an overview of the learning cycle practical teaching strategies and effective techniques to use in the classroom marking, feedback and using data to drive learning embedding assessment for learning in your classroom, department and school An effective guide for outstanding teaching and learning, this book offers an innovative approach and is packed full of practical exercises that are easy to apply in the classroom, proving essential reading for newly qualified and experienced teachers alike.

Why is it that some teachers have a kind of magical charisma and charm which sets them apart from their peers? This book gives us a fresh and exciting answer They have the classroom X-Factor White and Gardner 's gripping text, The Classroom X Factor, examines the notion of having what the public has come to call the X-Factor from the perspective of the teacher, offering fascinating insights into the use of non verbal communication in the classroom.

Using classroom and curricular examples, this book sets out to show how both trainee and practising teachers can identify their own X-Factor in order to help transform their perspectives and perceptions of themselves during the live act of teaching. The book demonstrates how teachers can transform the way in which they connect with their students, whilst also creating meaningful and potent learning experiences for them. White and Gardner show that by following simple methods borrowed from psychology and cognitive science teachers can develop their own X-Factor and in so doing increase their enjoyment and efficacy as professionals. The techniques described include some of the following:

• Facial and vocal expression
• Gesture and body language
• Eye contact and smiling
• Teacher attire, colour and the use of space
• Nonverbal communication and pedagogical approaches

In addition, the book provides a section containing fictional stories that aim to contextualise the findings detailed throughout the text. The inclusion of chapter summaries, questions aimed at identifying the readers own X-Factor, lesson exemplars and a user-friendly self-evaluation framework all work together to make the book a stimulating and easy read where reflective learning and the practical application of classroom techniques are the order of the day.

This comprehensive guide to developing the classroom X-Factor within you will be of value to teaching and learning and is of immense use to both practising and student teachers and to schools seeking to develop models of reflective practice. It will also be of interest to curriculum and assessment agencies, policy makers, academics and others whose roles involve the design, provision, support and evaluation of teachers efficacy in the classroom.