Using discussion in instruction may facilitate spaces where students can engage with difficult and opposing ideas as a form of shared inquiry. Discussion is part of a larger curricular goal that intersects the two aspirations of diversity of perspectives and democratic inquiry in that it challenges stereotypes and assumptions through student interactions. An essential goal of discussion is increased personal understanding of difficult issues through social learning. Discussion pedagogy engages students with issues that surpass the self and connects them with larger societal problems, allowing them to expand their perspectives and increase their worldviews of difficult issues. Discussions may have the capability to advance the public?sphere through the use of critical and reasoned discourse. Nevertheless, teaching with discussion is a complex and sometimes ambiguous endeavor. Using discussion pedagogy promotes perturbation, disturbance, and disequilibrium as natural and anticipated outcomes of instruction. Instructors using discussion often feel pulled between desirable, but seemingly contradictory, outcomes for their students: for example, wanting students to participate but also wanting them to learn to listen to others' viewpoints; hoping that they will dialogue but also wanting them to pose questions with each other; expecting they will use the text to ground their opinions and also valuing students' personal experiences as they relate to the topic under discussion. Similarly, instructors using discussion must manage instructional paradoxes: focusing on the process of discussion but also having an eye on the possible products of the discussion, such as outside actions or a culminating project; wanting to provide structure to help students understand expectations and increase student engagement and also valuing organic, less structured dialogues that highlight student interest in the topic. These contradictions may be met with a problem?solving stance leading to an either/or consequence, choosing one viewpoint over another. Yet, the paradoxical outcomes and instructional choices in discussion, though opposing, are mutually desirable. In fact, each side of the dilemma relies on the other. These types of problems for discussion outcomes and instruction are not really problems. They are dilemmas that simply need management.

The real world is full of challenges and the sheer weight of problems facing us can stifle the genius of our collective human creativity at exactly the time when we desperately need imaginative and innovative solutions. Responding to this, Practicing Futures: A Civic Imagination Action Handbook harnesses our connections to popular culture and taps the boundless potential of human imagination to break free of assumptions that might otherwise trap us in repetitive cycles of alienation. Utopias and dystopias have long been used to pose questions, provoke discussions, and inspire next steps and are helpful because they encourage long view perspectives. Building on the work of the Civic Imagination Project at the University of Southern California, the Handbook is a practical guide for community leaders, educators, creative professionals, and change-makers who want to encourage creative, participatory, and playful approaches to thinking about the future. This book shares examples and models from the authors' work in diverse communities. It also provides a step-by-step guide to their workshops with the objective of making their approach accessible to all interested practitioners. The tools are adaptable to a variety of local contexts and can serve multiple purposes from community and network building to idea generation and media campaign design by harnessing the expansive capacity for imagination within all of us.

A Practical Guide to Teaching Physical Education in the Secondary School is written for all student teachers on university and school-based initial teacher education programmes. It offers a wealth of tried and tested strategies together with practical activities and materials to support your teaching to enhance pupils' learning. It is designed for you to dip in and out of, and enable you to focus on specific areas of teaching, your programme or pupils' learning. This third edition is fully updated with the most recent developments in teaching physical education and features five brand new chapters. Key topics covered include: Planning schemes of work, units of work and lessons Safe practice, risk assessment and risk management Promoting positive behaviour Applying theories of learning to your practice Overcoming barriers and maximising the achievement of all pupils Assessing learning Physical literacy NEW Health related learning NEW Using digital technologies NEW Reflective practice and action research Managing your workload, resilience, health and well-being NEW Working with your mentor NEW Photocopiable resources offer assistance in lesson observation, planning, preparation, teaching and evaluation. An annotated 'Further resources' section at the end of each chapter provides information about some useful additional resources to support you in your development as a teacher. Illustrated throughout with examples of existing good practice, this highly practical resource offers valuable support and guidance to all student teachers as well as those in the early years of their teaching career. Although A Practical Guide to Teaching Physical Education in the Secondary School, 3rd Edition can be used successfully on its own, it is also a companion to Learning to Teach Physical Education in the Secondary School, 5th Edition and can be used to reinforce the basic teaching skills covered in that core textbook.

This book presents the current advances and emerging trends in digital technologies for learning and education through a number of invited chapters on key research areas. It addresses information and communications technology (ICT) in a global context, reporting on emerging trends and issues in four areas - basic education, technical and vocational education, distance and continuing education and higher education -, as these four areas represent the primary contexts in which ICT is used to support learning and instruction. This book provides a brief overview of the potential benefits of ICT used in education and some of the best approaches in which different ICTs have been used in education thus far in a global context. It also presents the expertise and the most current research and practices of recognized international educators and researchers in the field of ICT in education. Third, this volume is both informative and transformative in its coverage of the conceptual and practical impact of technology on current educational practices, making it a valuable resource for policymakers, educators and educational researchers around the globe.

HEALTH, SAFETY, AND NUTRITION FOR THE YOUNG CHILD, Eleventh Edition, covers contemporary health, safety, nutrition and environmental issues that influence and support the development and well-being of infants and young children. This comprehensive, engaging, full-color resource guides you in implementing effective, developmentally appropriate classroom practices. Concepts are backed by the latest empirical research and linked to the new NAEYC Professional Preparation Standards, and the author emphasizes the importance of respecting and partnering with families to help children establish healthy lifestyle practices and achieve their full learning potential. Information is presented in a way that facilitates comprehension, application and retention, and features to promote learning are included throughout the text. Highlights include chapter objectives, review questions, Stop and Check questions to assess your understanding of key concepts, Connecting to Everyday Practice and Case Study features to apply chapter content to real-world challenges and Partnering with Families resources you can download and share with families. Ideal for current or aspiring early childhood educators and professionals, the text features up-to-date research and information on key topics including children's mental health, emergency and disaster preparedness, healthy dietary and physical activity practices, food safety, childhood obesity, bullying and fostering resilient behaviors, chronic and acute health conditions, environmental quality and safety and children with special medical needs. Numerous checklists, tables, figures, activities and lesson plans serve as practical resources you can use in your daily interactions with children and families.

Making Meaning is a synthesis of theory, research, and practice that explicitly presents art as a meaning making process.

This book provokes readers to examine their current understandings of language, literacy and learning through the lens of the various arts-based perspectives offered in this volume; provides a starting point for constructing broader, multimodal views of what it might mean to "make meaning"; and underscores why understanding arts-based learning as a meaning-making process is especially critical to early childhood education in the face of narrowly-focused, test-driven curricular reforms. Each contributor integrates this theory and research with stories of how passionate teachers, teacher-educators, and pre-service teachers, along with administrators, artists, and professionals from a variety of fields have transcended disciplinary boundaries to engage the arts as a meaning-making process for young children and for themselves.

"Entrepreneurship that is something you learn in practice." "Entreprene- ship is learning by doing." This is often heard when you tell others that you teach entrepreneurship, but maybe entrepreneurship is more "doing by learning." Nevertheless, in entrepreneurship practice and theory are int- woven. For this reason the Learning Cycle introduced by Kolb (1984) is an often used teaching approach. According to this Learning Cycle there are four phases ("cycle") that are connected: 1. Concrete experience ("doing," "experiencing") 2. Reflection ("reflecting on the experience") 3. Conceptualization ("learning from the experience") 4. Experimentation ("bring what you learned into practice") In teaching you can enter this cycle at any stage, depending on the students. And that brings us to the different types of students. Based on Hills et al. (1998) a plethora of student groups can be distinguished (of course this list is not exhaustive), e.g: Ph.D. students, who do a doctoral programme in Entrepreneurship; the emphasis is on theory/science. DBA students, who do a doctoral programme that is, in comparison to the Ph.D. more practice oriented. MBA students, who take entrepreneurship as one of the courses in their programme. Most of the time MBA students are mature students, who after some work experience return to the university; the programme is practice oriented.

When it comes to science, many of today's children experience narrow and impoverished learning opportunities, which, as professor Judah Schwartz writes in the preface to this book, lead ultimately to a mere caricature of science. As a curative to this prevalent and unfortunate situation, this well-written and thought-provoking book presents the state of the art in science education for kindergarten and primary schools. It begins with a thorough theoretical discussion on why it is incumbent on the science educator to teach science already at first stages of childhood. It goes on to analyze and synthesize a broad range of educational approaches and themes such as: inquiry-based teaching; learning through authentic problems; scaffolding; situated learning; learning through projects; non-verbal knowledge; and informal learning.

Games and simulations have emerged as new and effective tools for educational learning by providing interactivity and integration with online resources that are typically unavailable with traditional educational resources. Design, Utilization, and Analysis of Simulations and Game-Based Educational Worlds presents developments and evaluations of games and computer-mediated simulations in order to showcase a better understanding of the role of electronic games in multiple studies. This book is useful for researchers, practitioners, and policymakers to gain a deeper comprehension of the relationship between research and practice of electronic gaming and simulations in the educational environment.

As digital devices play a more critical role in daily life than ever, more opportunities arise for innovative learning technologies-a trend on full display in the Educational Media and Technology Yearbook for 2012. This latest edition, volume 37, from the Association for Education, Communication, and Technology (AECT) notes the most current trends in the field of learning design and technology, taking into account the implications for both formal and informal learning. The majority of articles train their focus on graduate and professional goals, including an analysis of doctoral programs in educational technology and new collaborative learning platforms. Library science is a featured component of this analysis and Library Science programs are featured prominently in this analysis. Mediagraphy and profiles of leaders in the field are also included.

Most contemporary political philosophers take justice-rather than legitimacy-to be the fundamental virtue of political institutions vis-a-vis the challenges of ethical diversity. Justice-driven theorists are primarily concerned with finding mutually acceptable terms to arbitrate the claims of conflicting individuals and groups. Legitimacy-driven theorists, instead, focus on the conditions under which those exercising political authority on an ethically heterogeneous polity are entitled to do so. But what difference would it make to the management of ethical diversity in liberal democratic societies if legitimacy were prior to or independent from justice? This question identifies a widely underexplored issue whose theoretical salience shows how the understanding of what constitutes the primary question of political philosophy has a deep impact on how practical political questions are interpreted and addressed. What difference would it make, for example, whether the difficulties concerning the safeguard of human rights were couched in terms of the justice or of the legitimacy of the documents and treaties sanctioning their implementation. How should the issue of the quality of democracies be addressed whether one assigned priority to the justice or legitimacy of democratic institutions? Addressing these and other topical questions, the book offers a new theoretical angle from which to consider a number of pressing social and political issues. This book was previously published as a special issue of the Critical Review of Social and Political Philosophy.

This book discusses the significance of flexible scripting to structure CSCL against the framework of "Script theory of guidance" and reports on findings from two empirical studies on the effects of flexible scripting on collaboration in CSCL scenarios. In the first empirical study flexibility was accomplished through adaptivity, and through adaptability in the second. The results of these studies show that adaptive and adaptable scripts enhanced the quality of collaborative knowledge construction processes as well as learners' collaboration skills, compared to inflexible scripts. The findings presented in this book will contribute to theory building of the scripting approach in CSCL. The authors propose two innovative ways of achieving flexible scripting and address the mechanisms by which adaptive versus adaptable script influences collaborative knowledge construction. Moreover, the adaptive and adaptable scripting approaches provide hands-on examples for practitioners and contribute to their understanding of teaching design in CSCL settings.

Cine-scapes explores the relationship between urban space, architecture and the moving image. While an impressive amount of research has been done with regards to the way in which architecture is portrayed in film, this book offers a new perspective.... What happens if we begin to see the city as a place for an embodied visual consumption; a visual apparatus or, perhaps, a system that is based on movement, light and the body, and which we can explore in kinematic, kinetic, and kinaesthetic ways? Using film as a lens through which we look at urban spaces and places, Richard Koeck reveals the filmic and cinematic phenomena and spatial qualities that are present in postmodern landscapes, and which are perhaps otherwise disregarded or merely passively consumed. Drawing on the author's extensive knowledge derived from architectural and film practice, Cine-scapes: offers insight into architecture and urban debates through the eyes of a practitioner working in the fields of film and architectural design emphasizes how filmic/cinematic tendencies take place or find their way into urban practices can be used as a tool for educators, students and practitioners in architecture and urban design to communicate and discuss design issues with regard to contemporary architecture and cities Cine-scapes ignites new ways of seeing, thinking and debating the nature of architecture and urban spaces.

"Why do they have to keep on changing things?" It's a characteristic complaint from teachers and leaders in all parts of the UK, but especially in England. Our political system means we are locked into short-term cycles. Politicians come and politicians go. In education departments it means there is a revolving door of ministers, each often eager to implement their own priorities and projects. Civil servants jump, new directions are announced, plans are made ... and then suddenly the minister is promoted, moved to a new department, or dismissed. It's no wonder that lurches in education policy can feel so bewilderingly frequent and uncoordinated. And it's also no wonder that teachers can become demoralised, be left feeling deskilled, and feel cynical about the role of politicians. So how can we change this? This book collects the views of serving school and college leaders, of policy-makers, and of former education secretaries. It asks them what they would do if they were in charge, and it asks those who were once in charge what they would do differently. 'If I Were Education Secretary ...' provides a fascinating glimpse into education policy as it is now - but also a template for how it could become more powerfully coherent in the future, moving a good education system to genuinely world class.

This book examines the diverse use of visual representations by teachers in the science classroom. It contains unique pedagogies related to the use of visualization, presents original curriculum materials as well as explores future possibilities.

The book begins by looking at the significance of visual representations in the teaching of science. It then goes on to detail two recent innovations in the field: simulations and slowmation, a process of explicit visualization. It also evaluates the way teachers have used different diagrams to illustrate concepts in biology and chemistry.

Next, the book explores the use of visual representations in culturally diverse classrooms, including the implication of culture for teachers use of representations, the crucial importance of language in the design and use of visualizations and visualizations in popular books about chemistry. It also shows the place of visualizations in the growing use of informal, self-directed science education.

Overall, the book concludes that if the potential of visualizations in science education is to be realized in the future, the subject must be included in both pre-service and in-service teacher education. It explores ways to develop science teachers representational competence and details the impact that this will have on their teaching.

The worldwide trend towards providing science education for all, coupled with the increased availability of color printing, access to personal computers and projection facilities, has lead to a more extensive and diverse use of visual representations in the classroom. This book offers unique insights into the relationship between visual representations and science education, making it an ideal resource for educators as well as researchers in science education, visualization and pedagogy."

Engaging College and University Students outlines creative and effective course organization and teaching-learning strategies for higher education courses. By describing specific instructional best practices, rather than addressing general questions about teaching in higher education, the author presents a valuable resource for educators to consult in the moment. The author explores the challenges of engaging students in online settings and draws comparisons with face-to-face strategies of engagement. By organizing the strategies according to course progress, and offering corresponding rubrics for assessment, this guide for instructors offers a solid foundation for an ever-changing teaching and learning landscape.

First published in 1987, Common Knowledge offers a radical departure from the traditionally individualistic psychologies which have underpinned modern approaches to educational theory and practice. The authors present a study of education as the creation of 'common knowledge' or shared understanding between teacher and pupils. They show the presenting, receiving, sharing, controlling, negotiating, understanding and misunderstanding of knowledge in the classroom to be an intrinsically social communicative process which can be revealed only through close analysis of joint activity and classroom talk. Basing this analysis on a detailed examination of video-recorded school lessons with groups of 8 to 10-year-olds, they show how classroom communications take place against a background of implicit under-standing, some of which is never made explicit to pupils, while there develops during the lessons a context of assumed common knowledge about what has been said, done, or understood. This wide-ranging study makes an important contribution to the current debate about both teaching methods and the structure of education. It is essential reading for educationalists and developmental psychologists and has a clear practical relevance to teachers and teacher trainers.

This book reviews the current state of theoretical accounts of the what and how of science learning in schools. The book starts out by presenting big-picture perspectives on key issues. In these first chapters, it focuses on the range of resources students need to acquire and refine to become successful learners. It examines meaningful learner purposes and processes for doing science, and structural supports to optimize cognitive engagement and success. Subsequent chapters address how particular purposes, resources and experiences can be conceptualized as the basis to understand current practices. They also show how future learning opportunities should be designed, lived and reviewed to promote student engagement/learning. Specific topics include insights from neuro-imaging, actor-network theory, the role of reasoning in claim-making for learning in science, and development of disciplinary literacies, including writing and multi-modal meaning-making. All together the book offers leads to science educators on theoretical perspectives that have yielded valuable insights into science learning. In addition, it proposes new agendas to guide future practices and research in this subject.

Anyone who spends time with children knows that praise works. It is a powerful motivator - praising children for good behaviour or good work builds self- esteem and self-confidence. Children love to collect stickers, certificates and rewards so what better way is there to shape behaviour, encourage good work habits and produce confident learners? Teachers and parents alike know that praise is effective we use it every day and we see the positive effect that it has on our children.

However, constructivist practitioners would argue that praise in any form creates hierarchies and competition in the classroom, has little effect on genuine learning and is invasively judgemental rather than supportive. Constructivists would further argue that self-esteem cannot be built by external agency teachers and parents can only create an appropriate environment in which a robust sense of self can grow and develop.

This book challenges traditional, embedded thinking about the role of praise. It questions the assumptions we make about developing self-esteem, about the ability of children to form their own independent judgements and the choices that children make regardless, rather than because of, contingent praise.

What happens when children are praised? Read this book, listen to what children really think and challenge your own assumptions.

Features include:

• Case studies and children s work samples;
• Points for reflection which could be used for CPD sessions;
• Appendices containing behaviour policy samples;
• Pupil, teacher and parental perspectives.

This book is aimed at practising and training Primary school teachers. It would also be suitable for NQTs who are starting to shape their own practice, experienced teachers who want to develop and question their own practice and students on BA Hons and PGCE courses.

Why can't I stop my students from being noisy as they leave my classroom? What can I do when a student is texting on their phone in my lesson? How can I stop a student from constantly tapping their pen while I am talking? Sound familiar? Chewing gum, dropping litter, swearing, late homework and disruptive behaviour in class are just a few of the issues that teachers have to face every day in the classroom. How you choose to respond to these incidents, however minor they may first seem, can have a dramatic impact on the overall quality of your lessons. There is no one answer to behaviour and classroom management as different approaches have to be taken depending on the lesson, the groups of students and even the time of day. This highly practical book guides you through the choices that you need to make when confronted with the sorts of issues that you might face in your classroom. Dealing with the nitty gritty reality of behaviour management, it covers the common problems teachers encounter on a day to day basis and provides a series of realistic and practical solutions and their likely outcomes. Placing you at the centre of the decision making process, it allows you to experiment with a range of options in a reflective and engaging manner to see which of your choices may work and why others may not. This scenario based approach not only lets you explore the various options available to you, but also enables you to see the consequence of your actions. Written by an experienced teacher, this fun and interactive book is essential reading for all trainee and qualified teachers who want a fresh approach to behaviour management in their classrooms.

Creativity for a New Curriculum: 5-11 provides an account of what creativity really means in the context of children s learning in the primary school, and describes in practical terms what teachers can do to foster it. At a time of curriculum development and change, it focuses on the opportunity to build a new curriculum that is inclusive of creativity and is fit for the twenty-first century.

The value of fostering creative thinking and problem solving abilities in education is widely recognised for its capacity to confer an independence and ability to function effectively in life. As such, encouraging children to be creative thinkers and problem solvers should be an integral part of everyday teaching and learning across all subjects.

Building upon the research and practices of a group of educators studying creativity across the curriculum and coordinated by the author, this book provides primary teachers and trainee teachers with easy to understand explanations of what creativity means in the context of the subjects of the curriculum for young children. It introduces ideas for how to nurture and support it, and explores issues associated with fostering it, such as assessment. Chapters cover areas including:

• A brief history of creativity and pedagogy, including common misconceptions
• Strategies for creative learning as well as creative teaching
• Creativity in English
• Creativity in Mathematics
• Creativity in Science and Design and Technology
• Creativity in Art and Music
• Creativity in History and the Humanities
• Creativity in ICT
• International perspectives on creativity

Creativity for a New Curriculum: 5-11 is an ideal source of information for teachers, teacher trainers, students on teaching programmes and anyone interested in developing opportunities for creativity across the primary school curriculum.

An essential part of children's development in the early years involves creative engagement through language, gestures, body movements, drawing, music, and creating shared meanings in playful contexts. Supporting Children's Creativity through Music, Dance, Drama and Art brings together contributions from a range of early years practitioners and professionals, sharing their 'creative conversations' and helping readers to implement the themes of the Early Years Foundation Stage framework in a creative way. Including a new chapter to explore the relationships between music and movement, this second edition has been fully updated and covers: How to incorporate music-making and storytelling in the classroom How to use stories of practice to inspire reflection and change How to extend, challenge and sustain children's interests How to make use of the 'Talking Table' and 'Helicopter' approaches How to become an effective play-partner How to improve practice with interactive strategies and music for well-being How to use observation to inspire planning and learning projects. Appealing to all with an interest in early years practice, this new edition demonstrates how parents, carers and practitioners can put excitement and inspiration back into the learning process, guiding them to encourage and support the creative capacities of young children.

Improving Pupils Motivation Together provides a refreshing and much-needed focus on how motivation can be enhanced by teachers and teaching assistants working both individually and collaboratively. Written in an accessible and engaging manner, the book explores various theories of motivation from a range of perspectives, applying academic theory to real life classroom situations. Using a combination of case studies and empirical research, this book demonstrates how teachers and TAs can successfully enhance the motivation of their students through collaborative practice. Improving Pupils Motivation Together starts by introducing theories of learning and motivation and goes on to offer insight in areas including: Collaboration and ways to collaborate; Motivation and giftedness; Assessment for Learning; Learning goals and learning objectives; Common pupil responses; Research in Action. Improving Pupils Motivation Together is an ideal resource for both teachers and teaching assistants working with pupils who are difficult to motivate and who find learning challenging. Further, this book will be highly useful for teachers managing their support staff, and for trainee teachers looking to develop their skills in motivating and engaging pupils.