The International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia (ICTY) was established in 1993 and is due to complete its trials by 2011. Easily the most credible and prodigious of the international tribunals established in this period, the ICTY is by far the most important source of case law on international criminal law. This is reflected in the citations it receives by other courts and by learned commentators. Long after its dissolution, the ICTY will most likely serve as an important frame of reference for the International Criminal Court and other courts dealing with international crimes, including national courts.
The publication of this book coincides with the year of cessation of trial activity at the ICTY. Its purpose is to mark this significant milestone in international law with a series of in-depth, critical reflections on the institution's legacy by eminent scholars and practitioners. In the course of seventeen chapters, the contributing authors analyze the main features of the ICTY's work in an unprecedented examination of the institution's legitimacy, core principles, methodologies, unstated assumptions, political circumstances, and impact-and indeed, its legacy.

This book continues the three-volume series edited by Sir Arthur Watts and published in 1999 and 2000. It contains the final product of the International Law Commission (ILC)'s work over the decade 1999-2008. The ILC's work is frequently cited by international and national courts, by governments, practitioners, and academic authors.
The present volume includes the full text, and commentaries where applicable, of ILC texts adopted during the period under review, on such important topics as State responsibility, diplomatic protection, nationality in relation to the succession of States, unilateral acts of States, the fragmentation of international law, as well as several topics relevant to international environmental law, including prevention of transboundary harm from hazardous activities, international liability in case of loss from transboundary harm arising out of hazardous activities, and the law of transboundary aquifers. It further updates the existing series with the inclusion of a chapter on the United Nations Convention on Jurisdictional Immunities of States and their Property.
Each text is accompanied by an authoritative introduction, a note on the preparatory work, a carefully selected bibliography, and the relevant resolutions of the General Assembly.

Ending humanitarian atrocities has become as important for the United Nations as preventing interstate war. This book examines the transformation of UN operations, analysing its changing role and structure. Ramesh Thakur asks why, when and how force may be used, and argues that the growing gulf between legality and legitimacy is evidence of an eroded sense of international community. He considers the tension between the United States, with its capacity to use force and project power, and the United Nations, as the centre of the international law enforcement system. He asserts the central importance of the rule of law and a rules-based order focused on the United Nations as the foundation of a civilised system of international relations. This book will be of interest to students of the United Nations and international organisations in politics, law and international relations departments, as well as policymakers in governmental and non-governmental international organisations.

Proliferation of WMD technologies is by no means a new concern for the international community. Indeed, since the signing of the Nuclear Non-proliferation Treaty in 1968, tremendous energies have been expended upon diplomatic efforts to create a web of treaties and international organizations regulating the production and stockpiling of WMD sensitive materials within states, as well as their spread through the increasingly globalized channels of international trade to other states and non-state actors.
However, the intervention in 2003 by Western powers in Iraq has served as an illustration of the importance of greater understanding of and attention to this area of law, as disagreements over its content and application have once again lead to a potentially destabilizing armed intervention by members of the United Nations into the sovereign territory of another member state. Other ongoing disputes between states regarding the character of obligations work assumed under non-proliferation treaty instruments, and the effect of international organizations' decisions in this area, form some of the most contentious and potentially destabilizing issues of foreign policy concern for many states.
This book provides a comprehensive analysis of international law and organizations in the area of WMD proliferation. It will serve both as a reference for understanding the law as it currently exists in its political and economic context, as well as an analysis of areas in which amendments to existing law and organizations are needed.

Postwar multilateral cooperation is often viewed as an attempt to overcome the limitations of the nation-state system. However, in 1945, when the United Nations was founded, large parts of the world were still under imperial control. Building States investigates how the UN tried to manage the dissolution of European empires in the 1950s and 1960s-and helped transform the practice of international development and the meaning of state sovereignty in the process. Eva-Maria Muschik argues that the UN played a key role in the global proliferation and reinvention of the nation-state in the postwar era, as newly independent states came to rely on international assistance. Drawing on previously untapped primary sources, she traces how UN personnel-usually in close consultation with Western officials-sought to manage decolonization peacefully through international development assistance. Examining initiatives in Libya, Somaliland, Bolivia, the Congo, and New York, Muschik shows how the UN pioneered a new understanding and practice of state building, presented as a technical challenge for international experts rather than a political process. UN officials increasingly took on public-policy functions, despite the organization's mandate not to interfere in the domestic affairs of its member states. These initiatives, Muschik suggests, had lasting effects on international development practice, peacekeeping, and post-conflict territorial administration. Casting new light on how international organizations became major players in the governance of developing countries, Building States has significant implications for the histories of decolonization, the Cold War, and international development.

Global Environmental Sustainability: Case Studies and Analysis of the United Nations' Journey toward Sustainable Development presents an integrated, interdisciplinary analysis of sustainable development, addressing global environmental problems in the contemporary world. It critically examines current actions being taken on global and local scales, particularly in relation to the UN's efforts to promote sustainable development. This approach is supported by empirical analysis, drawing upon a host of interweaving insights spanning economics, politics, ecology, environmental philosophy, and ethics, among others. As a result, it offers a comprehensive and well-balanced assessment of the overall perspective of sustainable development supported by in-depth content analysis, theoretical evaluation, empirical and actual case studies premised on solid data, and actual field work. Also, the book marks a milestone in placing the Covid-19 pandemic into a perspective for understanding the universality of human collective environmental behavior and action. By utilizing in-depth analysis, both quantitative and qualitative, and challenging the status quo of what is expected in the global approach to sustainable development, Global Environmental Sustainability provides the theory and methodology of empirical sustainable development which is especially germane to our advanced society today, which is deeply entrenched in a crisis of environmental morality. More particularly, it serves as a salient source of moral reconstitution of society grounded in empirical reality to liberate man's excessive spirit of individualism and self-aggrandizement to the detriment of the environment. Epistemologically, the book furnishes a remarkable tour de force with a new level of analytical insight to help researchers, practitioners, and policymakers in sustainability and environmental science, as well as the many other disciplines involved in sustainable development, to better understand sustainability from a new perspective and provides a methodological direction to pursue solutions going forward.

The Yearbook contains documentary materials of a legal character concerning the United Nations and related intergovernmental organizations (IGOs). The present volume covers activities in 2016 and contains: legislative texts and treaties, or provisions thereof, concerning the legal status of the UN and related IGOs; a general overview of the legal activities of the UN and related IGOs; selected treaties concerning international law concluded under the auspices of the organizations concerned; selected decisions of administrative tribunals of the UN and related IGOs; selected legal opinions of the UN and related IGOs; a list of judgments, advisory opinions and selected decisions rendered by international tribunals; selected decisions of national tribunals relating to the work of the UN and related IGOs

"A firsthand account of the perils of American diplomacy at the UN during Jeane Kirkpatrick's tenure, written from Gerson's position as her expert in international law." - Kirkus Reviews Allan Gerson, legal counsel to former United States Ambassador to the United Nations Jeane Kirkpatrick, elaborates on the crucial role Kirkpatrick played in re-establishing the USA's prestige in world affairs. Additionally, Gerson argues that Kirkpatrick had key influence in frustrating Soviet expansionism, thereby contributing to the liberation of Eastern Europe.

The UN has suffered from its earliest days as a result of persistent financial problems, which left it on the edge of apparent bankruptcy. This book looks at the history of the regular and peace keeping budgets. It focuses on the role of the US, simultaneously the UN's biggest contributor of funds and its largest debtor. It examines possible solutions against the background today of the UN attempting to reform itself to meet the challenges posed by globalization and an increasing number of civil wars.

For over 25 years, The Annual Review of United Nations Affairs (ARUNA) has been the print source for researchers needing a comprehensive document collection that highlights the work of the United Nations' six principal organs each year. Recognized as the only print and bound collection for these documents, ARUNA is an essential reference for academic researchers and policy-makers. Coverage spans important resolutions and decisions, focusing on the significant documents and collaborative work of the United Nations. Selected reports of intergovernmental bodies and expert groups are also included and documents are grouped together by subject matter for easy reference. Each year, a new guest author provides an introduction to the set, analyzing the major themes covered throughout that year. ARUNA provides an in-depth view to an organization that today has more the 63,000 employees located in nearly 175 countries and is responsible for implementing the decisions of the governing bodies. This particular edition (2006-07): The past year has been one of the most tumultuous and challenging in the U.N.'s history and, indeed, in the modern history of the entire globe. This year's edition of ARUNA presents the story of that tumult as well as the story of the U.N.'s efforts to resolve both global conflicts and internal controversy. Specifically, this year's set of volumes includes documents related to the U.N.-based World Food Programme, whose management provoked an international scandal last year. However, most the 2006-07 edition of ARUNA focuses on the more critical issues affecting millions of lives around the world in the past year: the Darfur genocide, climate change, the Palestinian refugee crisis, West Africa's political and social instability. By providing the full text of both the resolutions addressing these topics and the U.N. reports concerning them, ARUNA 06/07 delivers a unique resource for students, scholars, and practitioners. The series' topic-based organization of the materials and subject index lend invaluable guidance to all researchers. This year, Dr. Edward Luck , the Director of the Center on International Organization of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, is contributing an introductory essay that will illuminate this year's varied and troubling world events. For more specific information regarding this bound volume please contact Customer Service at +44(0)1536741727. About this Volume This particular volume (Vol. 1): In a relatively the highlights of the U.N.'s 2006-2007 session. This one-volume review of those highlights takes the form of three useful texts: a thumbnail chronology/table of those highlights, a new preface by Muller and Sauvant, a new introduction by Dr. Edward Luck (Director of the Center on International Organization of the School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University), and the first half of the session's GA resolutions (from September 2006 until the end of that calendar year). The major topics addressed by those resolutions are the global sex trade, the refugee crisis triggered by the conflict in Darfur, Israel's human rights abuses in their treatment of Palestinians, the disarmament and non-proliferation of nuclear weaponry, economic development in Africa, and the AIDS crisis throughout the developing world, but especially in Africa and the Caribbean. For more specific information regarding this title please contact Customer Service at +44(0)1536741727.

For over 25 years, The Annual Review of United Nations Affairs (ARUNA) has been the print source for researchers needing a comprehensive document collection that highlights the work of the United Nations' six principal organs each year. Recognized as the only print and bound collection for these documents, ARUNA is an essential reference for academic researchers and policy-makers. Coverage spans important resolutions and decisions, focusing on the significant documents and collaborative work of the United Nations. Selected reports of intergovernmental bodies and expert groups are also included and documents are grouped together by subject matter for easy reference. Each year, a new guest author provides an introduction to the set, analyzing the major themes covered throughout that year. ARUNA provides an in-depth view to an organization that today has more the 63,000 employees located in nearly 175 countries and is responsible for implementing the decisions of the governing bodies. This particular edition (2006-07): The past year has been one of the most tumultuous and challenging in the U.N.'s history and, indeed, in the modern history of the entire globe. This year's edition of ARUNA presents the story of that tumult as well as the story of the U.N.'s efforts to resolve both global conflicts and internal controversy. Specifically, this year's set of volumes includes documents related to the U.N.-based World Food Programme, whose management provoked an international scandal last year. However, most the 2006-07 edition of ARUNA focuses on the more critical issues affecting millions of lives around the world in the past year: the Darfur genocide, climate change, the Palestinian refugee crisis, West Africa's political and social instability. By providing the full text of both the resolutions addressing these topics and the U.N. reports concerning them, ARUNA 06/07 delivers a unique resource for students, scholars, and practitioners. The series' topic-based organization of the materials and subject index lend invaluable guidance to all researchers. This year, Dr. Edward Luck , the Director of the Center on International Organization of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, is contributing an introductory essay that will illuminate this year's varied and troubling world events. This particular volume (Vol. 2): This volume consists solely of G.A. resolutions from the second half of the G.A.'s 61st session (January to September of 2007). This collection of recent resolutions focus primarily on the following topics: BLHuman Rights abuses by the governments of Myanmar, Israel, and Iran. BLThe use of torture by officers and agents of a government. BLAfrica: development, infectious diseases, U.N. intervention in regional conflicts, the U.N.'s Centre for Human Rights and Democracy in Central Africa, U.N. funding of the Sierra Leone and Rwanda tribunals, and cooperation between the U.N. and the African Union. BLCombatting poverty worldwide. BLCombatting the defamation of Islam by media sources. BLCombatting denials of the Holocaust. BLThe imperative that governments observe human rights principles while conducting the global war against terrorism. BLThe imperative that U.N. peacekeepers refrain from sexual exploitation. BLClimate change and natural disasters. BLGlobalization, development in the poorest countries, fair trade practices, and the fight aganst poverty generally. BLThe U.N.'s internal management of its own financial practices. For more specific information regarding this title please contact Customer Service at +44(0)1536741727. About this Volume This particular edition (2006-07): The past year has been one of the most tumultuous and challenging in the U.N.'s history and, indeed, in the modern history of the entire globe. This year's edition of ARUNA presents the story of that tumult as well as the story of the U.N.'s efforts to resolve both global conflicts and internal controversy. Specifically, this year's set of volumes includes documents related to the U.N.-based World Food Programme, whose management provoked an international scandal last year. However, most the 2006-07 edition of ARUNA focuses on the more critical issues affecting millions of lives around the world in the past year: the Darfur genocide, climate change, the Palestinian refugee crisis, West Africa's political and social instability. By providing the full text of both the resolutions addressing these topics and the U.N. reports concerning them, ARUNA 06/07 delivers a unique resource for students, scholars, and practitioners. The series' topic-based organization of the materials and subject index lend invaluable guidance to all researchers. This year, Dr.Edward Luck , the Director of the Center on International Organization of the School of International and Public Affairs at Columbia University, is contributing an introductory essay that will illuminate this year's varied and troubling world events. For more specific information regarding this title please contact Customer Service at +44(0)1536741727.

For more specific information regarding this title please contact Customer Service at +44(0)1536741727.

For more information regarding this title please contact Customer Service at +44(0)1536741727.

In 2016, the International Organization for Migration (IOM) became part of the United Nations. With 173 member states and more than 400 field offices, the IOM-the new 'UN migration agency'-plays a key role in migration governance. The contributors in this volume provide an in-depth and comprehensive insight into the IOM, its transformation, current structure and projects, as well as its capacity, self-understanding and political agenda.

This book offers a comprehensive practitioner's guide to negotiating at the United Nations. Although much of the content can be applied broadly, the guide focuses on navigating multilateral negotiations at the UN. The book is a tool to help new UN negotiators, explaining basic negotiation concepts and offering insight into the complexities of the UN system. It also offers a playbook for cooperation for negotiators at any level, exploring the dynamics of relationships and alliances, the art of chairing a negotiation, and the importance of balancing the power asymmetries present in any multilateral discussion. The book proposes improvements to the UN negotiation process and looks at the impact of information technologies on negotiation dynamics; it also shares stories from women UN delegates, illustrating what it means to be a female negotiator at the UN. This book is an exploration of the power of the individual in any negotiation, and of the responsibility all negotiators have in wielding that power to speak for a better world. This book will be of much interest to students of diplomacy, global governance, foreign policy, and International Relations, as well as practitioners and policymakers.

This book unfolds an exploratory journey intended to scrutinise the suitability of entanglements and relations as a mode of thinking and seeing peacebuilding events. Through a reflection upon the UN's limited results in the endeavour towards securing lasting peace in war-torn scenarios, Torrent critically engages with three relevant debates in contemporary peacebuilding literature, including the inclusion of 'the locals', the achievement of organisational system-wide coherence and the increasingly questioned agential condition of peacebuilding actors. Inattentive to the relational vulnerability of involved stakeholders, it is suggested that the UN seeks to secure a totalising modern distory, defined in the book as a story that undoes other stories. Whilst affirming the entangled ontogenesis of actors and processes in the conflict-affected configuration, Entangled Peace also delves into a cautionary argument about what the author refers to as entanglement fetishism, namely the celebratory, normative, deterministic and exclusionary projection of a relational world. Inspired by Alfred North Whitehead, Entangled Peace is an invitation to speculate over the peacebuilding milieu, and by extension the broader theatre of the real, as radical openness, in which events emanate from the collision of an infinite multiplicity of possible worlds.

This book looks at the centerpiece of the international women's rights discourse, the Convention on the Elimination of all Forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW), and asks to what extent it affects the lives of women worldwide. Rather than assuming a trickle-down effect, the author discusses specific methods which have made CEDAW resonate. These methods include attempts to influence the international level by clarifying the meaning of women's rights and strengthening the Convention's monitoring procedure, and building connections between international and domestic contexts that enable diverse actors to engage with CEDAW. This analysis shows that while the Convention has worldwide impact, this impact is fundamentally dependent on context-specific values and agency. Hence, rather than thinking of women's rights exclusively as normative content, Zwingel suggests to see them as in process. This book will especially appeal to students and scholars interested in transnational feminism and gender and global governance.

The analysis of UNESCO's audio-visual archives for their digitization has brought to light a forgotten album of 38 contact sheets and accompanying texts by Magnum photographer, David "Chim" Seymour - a reportage made in 1950 for UNESCO on the fi ght against illiteracy in Italy's southern region of Calabria. A number of his photographs appeared in the March 1952 issue of UNESCO Courier in an article written by Carlo Levi, who had gained worldwide fame with his novel Christ Stopped at Eboli (1945). L'analyse des archives audio-visuelles de l'UNESCO en vue de leur numerisation a permis de decouvrir un album oublie comprenant 38 planches-contact et des textes d'accompagnement du photographe de Magnum David " Chim " Seymour - un reportage realise en 1950 pour l'UNESCO sur la bataille contre l'analphabetisme en Calabre, une region du sud de l'Italie. Un certain nombre de ses photographies ont ete publiees dans le numero de mars 1952 du Courrier de l'UNESCO avec un article de Carlo Levi, dont le roman Le Christ s'est arrete a Eboli (1945) lui avait valu une renommee internationale

This Commentary provides the first comprehensive legal article-by-article analysis of the provisions of the Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD). The Convention is the key international human rights instrument exclusively devoted to persons with disabilities and the centerpiece of international efforts to address inequalities and barriers they encounter to the full enjoyment of human rights. The book discusses the Convention's position within existing international human rights law and within the framework of the United Nations measures to protect the rights of people with disabilities. Starting with the background of all the Convention's articles, including the travaux preparatoires, this Commentary examines each provision's substance and interpretation, and explores the significance of each right, its legal scope and relationship with other international legal norms and principles. A unique contribution also analyzes the Optional Protocol to the Convention. In addition to enriching academic studies of international human rights law, the book provides insights into the practical operation of the Convention's provisions by assessing the practice of the CRPD Committee, the activities of relevant international and regional human rights bodies in enforcing the rights of persons with disabilities and the contracting parties' implementation practices. Relevant European Court of Human Rights, the Court of Justice of the European Union and, if appropriate, other regional jurisdictions' case law, as well as the jurisprudence of domestic courts, are taken into consideration. Contributions from leading scholars and international experts make this book an indispensable resource for lawyers, academics, students, journalists, international organizations, NGOs and other stakeholders wanting to better understand the rights of people with disabilities. Furthermore, it makes a valuable contribution to appraising the impact of the Convention in the legal orders of contracting parties and to charting the way forward in the protection of the rights of persons with disabilities.

The International Criminal Tribunal for the former Yugoslavia (ICTY) struggled to apprehend and try high-profile defendants like the Serbian leader Slobodan Milo evi, and often received more criticism than praise. This volume argues that the underappreciated court has in fact made a substantial contribution to Bosnia and Herzegovina s transition to democracy. Based on more than three years of field research and several hundred interviews, this study brings together multiple research methods, including surveys, ethnography, and archival materials, to show the court s impact on five segments of Bosnian society, emphasizing the role of the social setting in translating international law in domestic contexts. Much of the early rhetoric about the transformative potential of international criminal law helped foster unrealistic expectations that institutions like the ICTY could not meet, but judged by more realistic standards, international law is seen to play a modest yet important role in postwar transitions. The findings of this study have implications for the study of international courts around the world and the role law plays in contributing to social change.

In accordance with Article 102 of the Charter and the relevant General Assembly Resolutions, every treaty and international agreement registered or filed and recorded with the Secretariat since 1946 is published in the United Nations Treaty Series. At present, the collection includes about 30,000 treaties reproduced in their authentic languages, together with translations into English and French, as necessary. Conformement a l'article 102 de la Charte et aux resolutions pertinentes de l'Assemblee generale, tous les traites et accords internationaux enregistres ou classes aupres du Secretariat depuis 1946 sont publies dans le Recueil des traites. Actuellement, la collection comprend environ 30.000 traites reproduits dans leur langue d'origine, avec des traductions en anglais et en francais, si necessaire.

On November 10, 2017, Pope Francis became the first pontiff in the nuclear era to take a complete stand against nuclear weapons, even as a form of deterrence. At a Vatican conference of leaders in the field of disarmament, he made it clear that the possession of the bomb itself was immoral. A World Free from Nuclear Weapons presents the pope's address and original testimony from Nobel Peace Prize laureates, religious leaders, diplomats, and civil society activists. These luminaries, which include the pope and a Hiroshima survivor, make the moral case against possessing, manufacturing, and deploying nuclear arms. Drew Christiansen, a member of the Holy See delegation to the 2017 United Nations conference that negotiated the Treaty to Prohibit Nuclear Weapons, helps readers to understand this conference in its historical context. A World Free from Nuclear Weapons is a critical companion for scholars of modern Catholicism, moral theology, and peace studies, as well as policymakers working on effective disarmament. It shows how the Church's revised position presents an opportunity for global leaders to connect disarmament to larger movements for peace, pointing toward future action.

Since emerging in 2006 from a ten-year Maoist insurgency, the 'People's War', Nepal has struggled with the difficult transition from war to peace, from autocracy to democracy, and from an exclusionary and centralized state to a more inclusive and federal one. The present volume, drawing on both international and Nepali scholars and leading practitioners, analyzes the context, dynamics and key players shaping Nepal's ongoing peace process. While the peace process is largely domestically driven, it has been accompanied by wide-ranging international involvement, including initiatives in peacemaking by NGOs, the United Nations and India, which, throughout the process, wielded considerable political influence; significant investments by international donors; and the deployment of a Security Council-mandated UN field mission. This book shines a light on the limits, opportunities and challenges of international efforts to assist Nepal in its quest for peace and stability and offers valuable lessons for similar endeavors elsewhere.

This book traces the history of UNESCO from its foundational idealism to its current stature as the preeminent international organization for science, education, and culture, building a well rounded understanding of this important organization. The book: * provides an overview of the organization and its institutional architecture in the context of its humanistic idealism * details the subsequent challenges UNESCO faced through cold war and power politics, global dependence and interdependence, and the rise of identity and culture in global politics * analyses the functioning of UNESCO administration, finance, and its various constituencies including the secretariat, member-states, and civil society * explores the major controversies and issues underlying the initiatives in education, sciences, culture and communication * examines the current agenda and future challenges through three major issues in UNESCO: Education or All, digital divide issues, and norms on cultural diversity * assesses the role of UNESCO in making norms in complex world of multiple actors and intersecting issue-areas. Reflecting on UNESCO's vision, its everyday practices, and future challenges; this work is an essential resource for students and scholars of international relations and international organizations.

This book traces the trajectory and different meanings of the concept of peacebuilding in the United Nations since the early 1990s. It analyses how that concept gained life in a particular context and the implications of this process for the Organisation's support to societies affected by armed conflict in general and for peace operations in particular. Departing from tenets about the influence of ideas in world politics and engaging with the critique of the liberal peace scholarship, the book provides a theoretically informed narrative of how peacebuilding acquired different meanings while remaining largely motivated, justified, legitimated and informed by a proactive and top-down agenda of promoting liberal democratic institutions, norms and values as a remedy to the challenges faced by societies affected by armed conflict. The book will appeal to scholars, policymakers and practitioners in peacebuilding and post-conflict development.