Everyone has a view about animal ethics. Each of us, for example, has an opinion about whether we should eat meat; whether animals should be used for scientific research, or whether the use of animals in sport is acceptable. But very few of us stop to wonder about the basis of our views, or to rationalise them. In this book, Madeleine Campbell aims to enable us to do so, by addressing a series of questions such as `When does animal use become abuse?'; `Why do we treat some animals differently from others?'; `Are there some things which we should never do to animals?', and `Just because we can, should we?'. Drawing on her experience as a Veterinarian; a European Diplomate in Animal Welfare Science, Ethics and Law; a researcher and teacher, the author takes ethical argument beyond academia and applies it to the question which currently dominates societal debate about human-animal interactions: what (if anything) is a reasonable use of an animal? Animals, Ethics, and Us offers a stripped back, balanced and moderate perspective, based on logical argument, philosophical principles and sound science. It is a thought-provoking read aimed at a broad readership including informed owners and animal enthusiasts, as well as useful a primer for students of animal ethics, welfare and veterinary medicine.

Anatomy and Histology of the Laboratory Rat in Toxicology and Biomedical Research presents the detailed systematic anatomy of the rat, with a focus on toxicological needs. Most large works dealing with the laboratory rat provide a chapter on anatomy, but fall far short of the detailed account in this book which also focuses on the needs of toxicologists and others who use the rat as a laboratory animal. The book includes detailed guides on dissection methods and the location of specific tissues in specific organ systems. Crucially, the book includes classic illustrations from Miss H. G. Q. Rowett, along with new color photo-micrographs. Written by two of the top authors in their fields, this book can be used as a reference guide and teaching aid for students and researchers in toxicology. In addition, veterinary/medical students, researchers who utilize animals in biomedical research, and researchers in zoology, comparative anatomy, physiology and pharmacology will find this book to be a great resource.

A respected resource for decades, the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals has been updated by a committee of experts, taking into consideration input from the scientific and laboratory animal communities and the public at large. The Guide incorporates new scientific information on common laboratory animals, including aquatic species, and includes extensive references. It is organized around major components of animal use: *Key concepts of animal care and use. The Guide sets the framework for the humane care and use of laboratory animals. *Animal care and use program. The Guide discusses the concept of a broad Program of Animal Care and Use, including roles and responsibilities of the Institutional Official, Attending Veterinarian and the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. *Animal environment, husbandry, and management. A chapter on this topic is now divided into sections on terrestrial and aquatic animals and provides recommendations for housing and environment, husbandry, behavioral and population management, and more. *Veterinary care. The Guide discusses veterinary care and the responsibilities of the Attending Veterinarian. It includes recommendations on animal procurement and transportation, preventive medicine (including animal biosecurity), and clinical care and management. The Guide addresses distress and pain recognition and relief, and issues surrounding euthanasia. *Physical plant. The Guide identifies design issues, providing construction guidelines for functional areas; considerations such as drainage, vibration and noise control, and environmental monitoring; and specialized facilities for animal housing and research needs. The Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals provides a framework for the judgments required in the management of animal facilities. This updated and expanded resource of proven value will be important to scientists and researchers, veterinarians, animal care personnel, facilities managers, institutional administrators, policy makers involved in research issues, and animal welfare advocates.

Laboratory Animals: Regulations and Recommendations for the Care and Use of Animals in Research, Second Edition, is the only publication to offer a global compilation of standards on the care, welfare and use of animals in research. The book provides updated information that will be of great interest to professionals across laboratory animal science and biomedical research. Users will find a broad picture of the regulations required in other areas of the world that will be essential to appropriately manage animal care and use programs.

Laboratory Animal Anaesthesia, Fourth Edition provides a basic guide to anaesthesia for a very diverse audience needing content, with straight-forward, structured style of writing. Updated with effects of anaesthetics in different laboratory species, including sources of dose rates will be incorporated into tabular material. New information on pain assessment and pain management will be covered, and an increased emphasis on rats and mice for anaesthesia and perioperative care. With newly revised, full color illustrations to facilitate best learning, Laboratory animal Anesthesia, Fourth Edition provides procedures, key points and invaluable advice from a well-known and respected veterinary anesthetist and scientist with over 30 years of experience in the field.

Animal welfare is attracting increasing interest worldwide, but particularly from those in developed countries, who now have the knowledge and resources to be able to offer the b est management systems for their farm animals, as well as potentially being able to offer plentiful resources for companion, zoo and laboratory animals. The increased attention given to animal welfare in the West derives la rgely from the fact that the relentless pursuit of financial reward and efficiency has lead to the development of intensive animal production systems that offend the conscience of many consumers in those countries. In devel oping countries, human survival is still a daily uncertainty, so that provision fo r animal welfare has to be balanced against human welfare. Welfare is usua lly provided for only if it supports the output of the animal, be it food, work, clothing, sport or companionship. In reality there are resources for all if they are properly husbanded in both developing and developed countries. The inequitable division of the world s riches creates physical and psychological poverty for humans and animals alike in all sectors of the world. Liv estock are the world s biggest land user (FAO, 2002) and the population, particularly of monogastric animals, is increasing rapidly to meet the need of an expanding human population. Populations of animals managed by humans are therefore increasing worldwide, so there is the tendency to allocate fewer resources to each one."

v Preface The quality of animal models used in biomedical research has increased substantially since the first successful microinjection of foreign DNA frag ments into a mouse zygote in the early 1980s. New well-defined animal models, developed either by micro injection techniques or by homologous recombination in embryonic stem (ES) cells, have become widely available and several classical animal models have now been replaced by these transgenic models. Transgenic animals also fulfill increasingly important roles in other fields, like livestock production or in biopharming. The potential benefits of this technology are overwhelming. It is not surprising that many research groups have rushed to jump on this wagon of scientific progress. However, no matter how important these developments are, they can not relieve us of the moral obligations towards the animals. It is generally recognized that animal use is allowed only if the harmful effects are out weighed by the potential benefits of the experimental results. But what are the harmful effects? What is the impact of trans genesis on the well-being of animals? In order to gain more insight into this aspect of trans genesis the European Commission (DGXII) has funded a 12-month project with the aim of col lecting information on the production and use of transgenic animals in EU Member States and, more specifically, to obtain information as to what extent specific welfare problems may arise and whether or not studies are being performed on the incidence of welfare problems."

1. 1 Experimental Diabetes in the Sand Rat 1. 1. 1 Zoology Experimental diabetes has been used in numerous animals, of which rodents have been predominant because of their ease of maintenance and handling (Herberg 1979), but some species of ape and monkey have also occasionally been used (Brunk 1971; Malaisse and Malaisse-Lagae 1970). Herberg et al. (1976) divided rodent species into two groups based on the similarity of their metabolic response to the induction of diabetes to the onset of diabetes mellitus in man. In one of these groups (mouse, Mongolian gerbil, Tuco tuca), the response of the metabolism to the induction of diabetes was similar to the changes seen in the onset of adult-type diabetes mellitus in man; while the other group, which included the sand rat, spiny mouse, Chinese hamster, and Djungarian hamster, responded to diabetes induction in a way suggestive of juvenile insulin-dependent diabetes. Such a subdivision is not without prob lems, however, particularly since difference occur not only between the various species of a group (Herberg et al. 1976), but, in our experience, also between animals of the same species (for instance the sand rat). Hence, the zoology of animals used for experimental purposes must also be taken into account. 1 The sand rat is classified as follows: Species: obesus Genus: Psammomys Subfamily: Gerbillinae Family: Cricetidae Suborder: Myomorpha Order: Rodentia Subclass: Placentalia Class: Mammalia Subphylum: Vertebrata Phylum: Chordata Psammomys obesus was first described by the zoologist P. J."

Notes in the Category C: Reflections on Laboratory Animal Care and Use addresses how to improve laboratory animal care and use, also characterizing the current state of the industry and speculating on its long-term future. It offers analysis from a professional who has spent a lot of time in the trenches, also highlighting new approaches to produce further advances in the field. As the proper care and use of lab animals is critically important to scientists and those who depend on data generated from those animals, this comprehensive book is an ideal resource on the topic. Physicians, patients and their families, consumers, federal and non-profit research funding entities, health advocacy organizations, the FDA, EPA, regulatory approval agencies, and companies that invest billions in R&D to create new diagnostics, drugs, vaccines and medical devices will find this an informative addition for their work.

For critical care of laboratory rodents, there is a scarcity of sources for comprehensive, feasible, and response-oriented information on clinical interventions specific to spontaneous and induced models of disease. With the more complex cases that need critical care management, many treatment approaches to veterinary emergencies cannot be applied directly to the laboratory rodent. The first text of its kind devoted to the challenges of critical care management for laboratory rodents, Critical Care Management for Laboratory Mice and Rats provides a specialized resource for all veterinary, husbandry, technical, and research professionals who utilize rodent models for biomedical research. The book covers the varied approaches to laboratory rodent patient care, health assessments, characteristics of specific disease models, monitoring and scoring of disease parameters, and humane interventions. Giving primary consideration to preservation of animal health and welfare, the text also considers how best to balance welfare with the achievement of proposed scientific objectives. Organized into five chapters, this full-color book covers the following topics: General Approaches for Critical Care Critical Care Management for Laboratory Mice Critical Care Management for Laboratory Rats Special Considerations for Critical Care Management in Laboratory Rodents Resources and Additional Information The author provides treatment guidelines with the expectation that they will be applied with apt professional judgment, allowing for further modification of clinical recommendations for improved patient-based care and welfare for research animals.

This combination manual and downloadable resources provide much-needed training on the proper handling of rats used in biomedical research. The downloadable resources include narrated video clips that demonstrate and describe each procedural technique. The manual contains handouts with color illustrations and descriptive text for each technique, including the purpose and application of the procedure, recommended skills, and necessary supplies. It can be used as a training resource and refresher for lab animal veterinarians, veterinary technicians, animal care staff, trainers, and research investigators and staff who work with rats.

Key features Contains 28 updated tables designed as quick, easy-to-use references for New and Old World species Provides over 100 photographs and illustrations, most now in color, depicting aspects of nonhuman primate biology, behavior, management practices, diseases, and technical procedures Gives a concise overview of regulatory considerations for the use of nonhuman primates in biomedical research Expands the Veterinary Care chapter to include new sections on nutritional support, behavioral conditions, dental care, and updated information on anesthetic and analgesic drugs Presents step-by-step descriptions of common and advanced sampling techniques Includes extensive resource lists for vendors of animals, feed, sanitation supplies, caging, anesthetic equipment, and veterinary and research supplies Extensively updated to include current literature, The Laboratory Nonhuman Primate, Second Edition, continues to serve as a quick reference source for technicians, caretakers, veterinarians, researchers, and students working with primates in biomedical research. It provides details on basic husbandry and covers biologic characteristics, regulatory compliance, common diseases, and anesthetic management. The text gives easy-to-follow descriptions of basic technical procedures including restraint, intubation, tuberculin skin testing, and collection of blood and urine samples. It also reviews advanced sampling procedures including collection of bone marrow, cerebrospinal fluid, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and rectal mucosal biopsy. The Laboratory Nonhuman Primate presents information in a clear, concise format to allow readers to incorporate concepts and techniques into the standard operating procedures of a facility.

Key features: Serves as the detailed, authoritative source of the clinical chemistry of the most commonly used laboratory animals Includes detailed chapters dedicated to descriptions of clinical chemistry-related topics specific to each laboratory species as well as organ/class-specific chapters Presents information regarding evaluation and interpretation of a variety of individual clinical chemistry end points Concludes with detailed chapters dedicated to descriptions of statistical analyses and biomarker development of clinical chemistry-related topics Provides extensive reference lists at the end of each chapter to facilitate further study Extensively updated and expanded since the publication of Walter F. Loeb and Fred W. Quimby's second edition in 1999, the new The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals, Third Edition continues as the most comprehensive reference on in vivo animal studies. By organizing the book into species- and organ/class-specific chapters, this book provides information to enable a conceptual understanding of clinical chemistry across laboratory species as well as information on evaluation and interpretation of clinical chemistry data relevant to specific organ systems. Now sponsored by the American College of Laboratory Animal Medicine (ACLAM), this well-respected resource includes chapters on multiple laboratory species and provides pertinent information on their unique physiological characteristics, methods for sample collection, and preanalytical sources of variation for the particular species. Basic methodology for common procedures for each species is also discussed. New Chapters in the Third Edition Include: The Laboratory Zebrafish and Other Fishes Evaluation of Cardiovascular and Pulmonary Function and Injury Evaluation of Skeletal Muscle Function and Injury Evaluation of Bone Function and Injury Vitamins Development of Biomarkers Statistical Methods The Clinical Chemistry of Laboratory Animals, Third Edition is intended as a reference for use by veterinary students, clinical veterinarians, verterinary toxicologists, veterinary clinical pathologists, and laboratory animal veterinarians to aid in study design, collection of samples, and interpretation of clinical chemistry data for laboratory species.

Laboratory animals, including birds, play an important role in biomedical research. The humane care and management of these animals is an ongoing concern. A new addition to the acclaimed Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference series, The Laboratory Bird is the first publication dedicated to the care and use of avian species in the research setting. Covering avian species such as chickens, ducks, doves, parrots, and songbirds that are commonly used as research models, the book is divided into focused chapters that cover a broad range of topics, including: General avian biology and physiology Husbandry Regulations and regulatory compliance regarding the use of birds in research Experimental methods Veterinary care Along with discussing applicable regulations, the book also details issues of health management and quarantine approaches. The final chapter provides resources such as organizations, publications, vendors, and diagnostic laboratories. With its focus on the care of a diverse group of avian species in biomedical research settings, The Laboratory Bird is a valuable reference for animal care and veterinary technicians, laboratory animal veterinarians, trainees in laboratory animal medicine, and research staff members, as well as individuals involved in laboratory work who lack experience in working with birds.

Contemporary, thought-provoking yet utterly practical, this book provides an introductory text covering the use and misuse of behaviour tests applied to animals. By including illustrative examples from a variety of species, the book inspires the animal scientist to think about what a given behavioural test can be used for and how the results can be interpreted. This text includes: the dos and don'ts of running behaviour tests and interpreting the results; many clear, simple illustrations which make the information readily accessible, down to earth, practical advice yet a thorough, evidence-based approach; information on behaviour tests for a whole range of species from companion, farm, zoo, laboratory and wild animals; succinct yet comprehensive text, designed to be read cover to cover and stimulate further reading. This book is an essential item in the researcher's toolkit when embarking on and devising any animal behaviour test and is valuable to students, established researchers, teachers and practitioners of applied ethology, animal welfare science, and veterinary science.

With laboratory animals, especially rabbits, playing such an important role in biomedical research, the humane care of these animals is an ongoing concern. The Laboratory Rabbit, Second Edition presents basic information and common procedures in detail to provide a quick reference for caretakers, technicians, and researchers in a laboratory setting.

Now in full color, the second edition of this book illustrates management practices and technical procedures with numerous figures and tables. It includes updated tables on anesthetic agents, methods of euthanasia, recommended needle sizes, injection sites, approximate values for injection, and sedative and immobilization agents. Plastic comb-bound for convenient and frequent use, this guide also provides sources and suppliers of additional information on rabbits, feed, and sanitation supplies.

The propagation of wild animals in captivity is playing an increasingly important role in the conservation of species. This is particularly true of primates, many of which are threatened or endangered in their natural habitat. Unfortunately, primate mortality during the neonatal period is often high in captivity, often because of suboptimal management. Significant improvements in infant survival can be made with a better knowledge of neonatal biology and rearing procedures. The aim of this book is to provide a reference text on the normal growth of 18 primate species commonly held in captivity for propagation or research, and on the housing, feeding, management, and preventative medicine techniques that enable this normal growth. Up-to-date information, scattered widely through the scientific literature, is here gathered together and presented in an easily accessible form for those involved in rearing primates in captivity.

Fungal growths affect both human and animal well-being. Many natural pathogens of laboratory animals alter host physiology, rendering the host unsuitable for experimental uses. While the number and prevalence of few pathogens have declined considerably, many still turn up in laboratory animals and represent unwanted variables in research. Investigators using laboratory animals in biomedical experimentation should be aware of the profound effects that many of these agents can have on research. What does the future hold regarding the natural pathogens of laboratory animals? The selection of an animal model must carefully address issues of the type of human disease to mimic, the parameters to follow, and the collection of the appropriate data to answer those questions being asked. Overall, animal models of fungal infection will continue to deepen our understanding of how these infections occur. This book provides a valuable source of information to biological and biomedical scientists and to clinical and doctoral researchers working in the area of fungal infections and diseases of laboratory animal species.

For over thirty years, rodents have been used in the study of many human and animal diseases. The rat in particular continues to serve as an experimental model for drug safety and efficacy tests for the treatment of neurological disorders, heart disease, diabetes, breast, liver and other cancers. With the more recent advent of transgenic technology, an impressive amount of new knowledge about transmissible spongiform encephalopathies has been accumulated. It is likely that the principles learned from the study of these prion diseases will be applicable to elucidating the causes of more common neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s diseases. As a result of this and, more importantly, because of increasingly complicated legislation governing the use of animals in regulated procedures, there is a need for experimenters (both experienced and those new to the laboratory) to improve their skills continuously and to become au fait with all aspects of preparatory techniques. The Rat Nervous System provides an accessible guide to the dissection and perfusion of rats, placing particular emphasis on the preparation of nervous tissue for further study in the laboratory including biochemical analysis and microscopic study. Logically structured with highly illustrated chapters covering gross anatomy, anatomy of the nervous system, anaesthesia, biological fixation and tissue extraction, the book provides a comprehensive introduction to those techniques required to provide consistent, high-quality tissues for subsequent investigation. Animal husbandry of a high standard, together with minimisation of discomfort, is essential if the information sought by the investigator is to be valid and reproducible; an overview of these topics is therefore also incorporated in this volume.

Sources of clinical treatment information on nonhuman primates are generally scattered across journals, textbooks, conferences, personal conversations, and more. However, when a clinician on the treatment floor is faced with a patient requiring an immediate treatment decision, time spent on making an informed decision becomes a critical factor.

An alternative to conducting a literature search in time-sensitive situations, the Pocket Handbook of Nonhuman Primate Clinical Medicine supplies guidance and initial direction on diagnosis and treatment, including working doses based on past case experience. It is the frank, to-the-point nature of the writing that makes readers feel as if they had just asked a colleague how to approach a clinical problem and obtained a quick, "what you need to know" answer. The chapter authors draw on personal experience to describe commonly encountered clinical conditions and how to treat these cases including not only the "dos" but also the "don ts." This format gives readers easy access to clinical signs, diagnostic criteria, and options for treatment.

The Pocket Handbook of Nonhuman Primate Clinical Medicine is a convenient, concise, case-based handbook written by and for clinicians in charge of the diagnosis and treatment of nonhuman primate patients. Available in both print and electronic formats, this handbook saves readers from having to wade through pages of data and case studies to find answers when time is a factor on the clinic floor.

This volume is a collection of chapters all contributed by individuals who have presented their ideas at conferences and who take moderate stands with the use of animals in research. Specifically the chapters bear of the issues of: notions of the moral standings of animals, history of the methods of argumentation, knowledge of the animal mind, nature and value of regulatory structures, how respect for animals can be converted from theory to action in the laboratory. The chapters have been tempered by open discussion with individuals with different opinions and not audiences of true believers. It is the hope of all, that careful consideration of the positions in these chapters will leave reader with a deepened understanding--not necessarily a hardened position.

This bestseller has been an essential book for all those working with laboratory animals since it was first published in 1994. This fourth edition retains all the classic features that have made it a must-have reference including emphasis on best practice in order to improve animal welfare. The contents have been thoroughly updated and reorganised to make sure it is a really practical book for day-to-day use in the laboratory. The first section of the book covers principles applicable to all species, for example husbandry, handling and the education and training required by scientists and technical staff working with animals in the laboratory. Later chapters focus on specific species or groups of species.

New to this edition: - Reflects changes in European legislation and their impact on national legislation- Covers recommendations for the education and training of those carrying out animal experiments across Europe - New chapters on ethical considerations and balancing animal welfare with science- New information on environmental enrichment for laboratory animals- Covers advancements in anaesthesia and analgesia and techniques- Spiral bound for ease-of-use as a bench-top reference

This book is ideal for all personnel carrying out scientific procedures using animals, particularly during training and also for the new researcher. It will also be essential reading for study directors designing research programmes, animal technicians and veterinarians working with laboratory animal species.

The seminal reference on the care of laboratory and captive animals, "The UFAW Handbook on the Care and Management of Laboratory and Other Research Animals" is a must-have for anyone working in this field. The UFAW Handbook has been the definitive text since 1947. Written for an international audience, it contains contributions from experts from around the world. The book focuses on best practice principles throughout, providing comprehensive coverage, with all chapters being peer reviewed by anonymous referees. As well as addressing the husbandry of laboratory animals, the content is also of great value to zoos and aquaria.

Changes for the eighth edition: Revised and updated to reflect developments since publication of the previous edition. New chapters on areas of growing concern, including: the 3Rs; phenotyping; statistics and experimental design; welfare assessment; legislation; training of people caring for lab animals; and euthanasia. All material combined into one volume for ease of reference.

This book is published on behalf of UFAW (The Universities Federation for Animal Welfare), with whom we also publish the UFAW/Wiley-Blackwell Animal Welfare Book Series. This major series of books provides an authoritative source of information on worldwide developments, current thinking and best practice in the field of animal welfare science and technology. For details of all of the titles in the series see www.wiley.com/go/ufaw.

Like other books in the Laboratory Animal Pocket Reference Series, this guide covers all aspects pertaining to the use of these organisms including their basic biology, humane care and management, husbandry, life support systems, regulatory compliance, technical procedures, veterinary care, and water quality management. In the relatively brief span of only a few decades, the zebrafish has gone from being mainly a hobby fish to a mainstream model animal employed by scientists to study everything from stem cells to the basis of behavioral changes induced by drug addiction. This rapid advance has been fueled largely by numerous and impressive advances in technology, along with detailed characterization of the animal on a genetic and molecular level. These developments have allowed scientists to leverage the many advantages of the zebrafish system to address many important questions in biology and human genetics and disease. However, there are few accepted and established standards for husbandry, management, and care for the fish in laboratory settings and even fewer comprehensive and constantly reliable resources. To this end, the goal of this handbook is to provide managers, veterinarians, investigators, technicians, and regulatory personnel with a concise yet thorough reference on zebrafish biology, care, husbandry, and management. The aim of the book is not to set standards, but rather to arm those working with the fish with scientifically grounded principles and fundamental information that can be used to design sound fish care programs. This handbook is organized into seven chapters: Biology Husbandry Life Support Systems Management Veterinary Care Experimental Methodology Resources The final chapter, Resources, provides the zebrafish user with lists of sources of additional information on the zebrafish model, as well as key references, professional organizations, and suppliers of equipment and supplies used in zebrafish husbandry and care.