A rapidly growing population, industrialization, modernization, luxury life style, and overall urbanization are associated with the generation of enhanced wastes. The inadequate management of the ever-growing amount of waste has degraded the quality of the natural resources on a regional, state, and country basis, and consequently threatens public health as well as global environmental security. Therefore, there is an existent demand for the improvement of sustainable, efficient, and low-cost technologies to monitor and properly manage the huge quantities of waste and convert these wastes into energy sources. Innovative Waste Management Technologies for Sustainable Development is an essential reference source that discusses management of different types of wastes and provides relevant theoretical frameworks about new waste management technologies for the control of air, water, and soil pollution. This publication also explores the innovative concept of waste-to-energy and its application in safeguarding the environment. Featuring research on topics such as pollution management, vermicomposting, and crude dumping, this book is ideally designed for environmentalists, policymakers, professionals, researchers, scientists, industrialists, and environmental agencies.

This book describes a simplified approach to the modelling and process design of a fixed bed hybrid bioreactor for wastewater treatment. In this work a simplified model for hybrid bioreactor is developed to determine output parameters like exiting substrate concentration in bulk liquid, average substrate flux in the biofilm, effective and total biofilm thickness. The model is based on mass balance of both carbonaceous substrate and biomass under suspended and attached growth simultaneously along with substrate mass transport into the biofilm. The proposed model has also been validated with the results obtained from experimental study with municipal wastewater considering as a low strength wastewater with no inhibition. There is a flexibility of the proposed model making it a versatile one to find out the exiting substrate concentration both in hybrid bioreactor as well as in a completely mixed biofilm reactor (CMBR). The book caters to academics and practitioners working in the field of advanced wastewater treatment.

Reviews of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology attempts to provide concise, critical reviews of timely advances, philosophy and significant areas of accomplished or needed endeavor in the total field of xenobiotics, in any segment of the environment, as well as toxicological implications.

This volume addresses the latest results of the Major Water Program of the Chinese Government which aims at the restoration of polluted water environments and sustainable management of water resources in China. It specifically summarizes the results of the BMBF-CLIENT project "Management of Water Resources in Urban Catchments" and the related MoST project "Key Technologies and Management Modes for the Water Environmental Rehabilitation of a Lake City from the Catchment Viewpoint" in Chaohu. The project is conducted by the Helmholtz-Centre for Environmental Research UFZ, Technische Universitat Dresden, German and Chinese companies (WISUTEC, AMC, bbe Moldaenke, itwh, OpenGeoSys e.V., HC System and EWaters) in close cooperation with Tongji University, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology of Academy of Sciences, Institute for Hydrobiology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Chaohu Lake Management Authority. The book explains the development of concepts and solutions for sustained water quality improvement in Chaohu, combining urban water resource management, decentralized sanitation solutions, methods in water quality assurance, environmental information systems and groundwater modeling.

Integrated Regional Modelling: Experimental and Numerical Study of High Ozone Events in the Alpine Region; J. Graf, et al. Global and Longrange Transport: A Three Dimensional Hemispheric Air Pollution Model Used for the Arctic; J. Christensen. New Developments: A Fast Lagrangian Particle Model for Use with Three-dimensional Mesoscale Models; W. Physick, P. Hurley. Accidental Release: A Mesoscale Boundary Layer Meteorological Model for Inhomogeneous Terrain; S.M. Daggupaty, et al. Model Assessment and Verification: Improving the Science of Regulatory Dispersion Models for Shortrange Applications; J.C. Weil. Video Session: Designing an Air Quality Network for Brisbane Using a Mesoscale Model; W. Physick, et al. Poster Session: Vertical Diffusion Parameter in the Atmospheric Boundary Layer; L.E. Venegas. Special Session: Athenian Photochemical Smog Intercomparison of Simulations (APSIS). Special Session: Air Pollution Transport and Diffusion over Coastal Urban Areas (Athens). 94 additional articles. Index.

This text provides an in-depth appraisal of the key environmental issues for packaging and how these considerations are increasingly affecting trends and developments in the packaging industry. It is aimed at all those concerned with the manufacture, use and distribution of packaging, including raw materials suppliers, packaging convertors, fillers, packers and retailers. In particular, it should be helpful to all management - commerical, technical or those concerned with human resources. It will also be of interest to those involved in the management of waste - local governments, waste management organizations and materials recyclers.

This volume is a collection of the papers presented at the International Seminar on Advanced Nuclear Energy Systems toward Zero Release of Radioactive Wastes, which was held in Japan in November 2000.
Scientists and engineers working in academia, research organizations and industry came together to discuss the role and contributions of nuclear energy to the environmental issues in the new millennium. It provided a forum for open discussions about the pursuit of solutions for the reduction of nuclear wastes based on the accelerator and fusion technologies, in addition to the advanced fission technology to harmonize the nuclear energy systems with the global environment. It also promoted future international collaboration in the following research fields: the role of nuclear energy in the new millennium; waste management; transmutation of minor actinides and fission products; advanced fission systems, accelerator driven systems, fusion systems, nuclear database, and advanced nuclear fuel cycles for transmutation of wastes.

Published originally as a special issue (volume 40/3-4) of the international journal "Progress in Nuclear Energy."

This book presents the proceedings of the first International Upcycling Symposium 2020, held on 4th September 2020 at De Montfort University (DMU) in Leicester, UK (online), as a joint effort between DMU, Lund University, Nottingham Trent University and Newcastle University. This book presents state of the art of research and practice in "upcycling" at the international level. The subject of this book, upcycling, is a term to describe the processes of creating or modifying a product from used or waste materials, components and products, which is of equal or higher quality or value than the compositional elements. This book describes new theories, approaches and scientific research findings related to upcycling and presents examples of upcycling practice, across multiple sectors, scales and contexts. Bringing together research from over 35 multidisciplinary experts, the book discusses state-of-the-art knowledge and practices on upcycling in different geographical, economic, socio-cultural and technological contexts at an international level. Readers will gain fundamental understanding of upcycling with its varied definitions and forms across sectors and scales, and to be informed of the latest upcycling research and practices including valuable ideas, theories, projects, experiences and insights by global experts.

This book reviews the consequences of improper disposal of greywater into the environment and the most appropriate treatment technologies for developing countries, focusing on the potential to reuse greywater as a production medium for biomass and bio-products. It also describes the quantities and qualitative characteristics, as well as the common practice of discharging greywater in developing countries, and highlights the associated health risks. Further, it compares the management of greywater in developed and developing countries and explores the advantages and disadvantages of various treatment technologies, discussing the reuse of greywater for irrigation purposes in arid and sub-arid countries, especially in the Middle East. The book shows the benefits of greywater and introduces low-cost technologies based on the available local facilities can be used to discharge, reuse, and recycle it.

With both nickel and cobalt featuring heavily in modern industry, there is an ongoing and intense interest in ore supplies and processing, applications development, and recycling. This book presents a collection of authoritative papers covering the latest advances in all aspects of nickel and cobalt processing, including fundamentals, technology, operating practices, and related areas of Platinum-Group Metals (PGM) processing. Special emphasis is given to the treatment of sulphide and laterite ores, concentrates, and secondary materials for the production of nickel and cobalt.

This book addresses recycling technologies for many of the valuable and scarce materials from spent lithium-ion batteries. A successful transition to electric mobility will result in large volumes of these. The book discusses engineering issues in the entire process chain from disassembly over mechanical conditioning to chemical treatment. A framework for environmental and economic evaluation is presented and recommendations for researchers as well as for potential operators are derived.

This book describes the huge efforts by the Chinese Government concerning the restoration and future sustainable management of Chinese water systems. It presents the results of a Sino-European joint project concerning the Songhuajiang-Liaohe River Basin (SLRB) in Northeast China conducted by the Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences (CRAES), the Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Germany, and the Natural Environment Research Council as represented by the Centre for Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), UK. The book explains in great detail the development of risk assessment and corresponding management methods for (i) controlling water pollution, (ii) assessing river health and ecological restoration options, (iii) characterizing persistent organic pollutants (POPs), and (iv) protecting fragile groundwater resources. It also describes the implemented demonstration sites of SLRB during the project course as well as lessons learnt on efficient project management and the dissemination of knowledge and technologies.

Role of Atmospheric Models in Air Pollution Policy and Abatement Strategies: Multipollutant Modeling and Policy: Dressing the Emperor and Avoiding False Paradigms; R.L. Dennis. Meteorological Aspects of Ozone Episodes in Southern Ontario: A Mesoscale Model Investigation; R.S. Tangirala. Integrated Regional Modeling: Meteorological Modeling in Sydney, Australia: Case Study of Smog Event; P.J. Hurley, et al. Lake Breezes and Their Impact on Groundlevel Ozone Transport over Southwestern Ontario and Southeastern Michigan; D.M.L. Sills, P.A. Taylor. Global and Longrange Transport: Sulfur Deposition in Asia: An Assessment of the Present Situation and Future Scenarios; G.R. Carmichael, R.L. Arndt. The European Long Range Tracer Experiment (ETEX): Preliminary Evaluation of Model Intercomparison Exercise; G. Archer, et al. New Developments: Mesoscale Modeling of Clouds and Aerosol Particles; A.I. Flossmann. Accidental Releases: Validation of a Combination of Two Models for Longrange Tracer Simulations; J. Brandt, et al. Model Assessment and Verification: Air Pollution in Coastal Cities; D.G. Steyn. Poster Session: Use of the UB/NMC Model for the Simulation of the Lifecycle of Chernobyl Radioactive Cloud; M. Dacic, B. Telenta. 74 additional articles. Index.

This book aims to identify the challenges presented by current urban environmental governance practices in fast growing Indian cities, to propose changes to the current governance implementation strategies, and to explore the best practices to achieve sustainable urban models through Indian and global perspectives. With a focus on the city of Bengaluru, the book draws on extensive reviews of literature and data to present current trends and statuses of environmental resource use in growing urban centres of India.The book analyzes the situations that impact urban environmental governance decisions and outcomes and proposes solutions to address these issues for long-term sustainability. Policy makers, researchers, academics and development practitioners in environmental politics and urban governance will find this work of great interest. The book starts by examining different urban environmental threats on global and domestic levels, and provides evidence for the effectiveness of sustainable efforts to curb the impact of crisis-like scenarios. Then the book discusses the role of institutional regimes in influencing urban environmental outcomes through policies, and analyzes the role of various actors in the evolution of urban environmental governance from a legal perspective at global and local scales. In the final chapters, the book explores the trends and status of environmental resource management in Bangalore Metropolitan Area (BMA), and examines the dynamics of local institutions and governance structures for regulating environmental governance for promoting effective sustainable environmental governance in Bengaluru.

This book comprehensively introduces fundamentals and applications of fermentative hydrogen production from organic wastes, consisting of eight chapters, covering the microbiology, biochemistry and enzymology of hydrogen production, the enrichment of hydrogen-producing microorganisms, the pretreatment of various organic wastes for hydrogen production, the influence of different physicochemical factors on hydrogen production, the kinetic models and simulation of biological process of fermentative hydrogen production, the optimization of biological hydrogen production process and the fermentative hydrogen production from sewage sludge. The book summarizes the most recent advances that have been made in this field and discusses bottlenecks of further development. This book gives a holistic picture of this technology and details the knowledge through illustrative diagrams, flow charts, and comprehensive tables. It is intended for undergraduate and graduate students who are interested in bioenergy and wastes management, researchers exploring microbial fermentation process, and engineers working on system optimization or other bioenergy applications.

Focusing on the problems of pollution reduction and containment, this book discusses various waste management practices that have resulted from increasingly stringent government regulations. Several chapters deal with the practical applications of pollution and contaminant control technology to specific industries, including printing, semi-conductor manufacturing, leather tanning, aluminum smelting and wood preserving Techniques for site remediation, treatment of wastewater, management of underground and storage tanks, asbestos abatement, waste treatment for petroleum and synthetic fuel and incineration of medical wastes are also covered.

This book addresses the developing area of biomass for technological applications. Written by leading researchers in the field, the book differs from other literature available by providing a detailed, in-depth discussion of the characteristics of these materials. The use of biomass for technological applications is a rapidly growing area in materials engineering and green bioprocesses. In this approach, pre-treatments focus on the bioavailability of nutrients and facilitate the use of biomass for delivering byproducts (e.g. enzymes) and for bioenergy production, both of which are discussed at length in this book. In this regard, it explores various aspects of the structural complexity of residual biomass produced by agricultural, industrial and livestock activities for biotechnological purposes, and assesses both conventional and emerging pre-treatments (e.g. biological, enzymatic and physical-chemical). This book reveals the advantages of these techniques, both individually and in combination, making it an excellent resource for all readers interested in cutting-edge applications of biomass.

Generating waste is a human condition. There is, however, very little real knowledge about this important issue, as the mishandling of wastes threatens lives and the environment. Therefore, I strongly recommend Professor Gillespie's book, as it is an in-depth, extremely competent holistic overview of waste which covers both its management, and its economic impact. The language is accessible to all interested in these issues, and the book gives a unique insight into waste policy, with great attention to detail that showcases Gillespie's vast knowledge in all environmental matters.' - Malgosia Fitzmaurice, Queen Mary University of London, UK'Nature knows no waste, only humans do. The modern industrial world seems to have forgotten that natural and human systems are inextricably linked. Waste has been externalized causing huge environmental, economic and social costs. This book aims for reversing the trend. Taking a comparative and contextual perspective, Gillespie shows how smart policies can lead to minimizing waste and to creating material flows consistent with ecological flows. An important book, rich in detail, very accessible and with a powerful message.' - Klaus Bosselmann, University of Auckland, New Zealand From human waste to nuclear waste, the question of how we must manage what we no longer want, in terms of either recycling or disposal, is one of the most pressing issues in environmental law. Alexander Gillespie addresses the gaps in previous literature by incorporating economics, philosophy and the ideal of sustainable development in order to provide context to the surrounding legal and policy considerations for the management of waste. The book's premise is that all forms of waste are expanding exponentially, and are often of a hazardous nature. The author examines the size of the problem, considers how it is evolving, and assesses the legal and political implications. He then shows that existing solutions to reducing consumption and recycling are limited, and concludes by discussing potential ways forward. Students and scholars with an interest in environmental law at the national, regional and international level will find this book to be of use. The book will also be of interest to practitioners looking to solve the issues surrounding waste and recycling.

This volume explores the processes by which hazardous waste policies are formulated and implemented. A collection of papers by distinguished scholars in the field, this is the first treatment of the subject to address both the international and the domestic policy arenas. Also the most current discussion of the topic available, the book includes several articles which deal with the landmark 1984 amendments to the Resource Conservation and Recovery Act. An important adjunct to courses in environmental politics, public policy, and intergovernmental relations, this book sheds new light on the complex political process by which hazardous waste politics are developed, enacted into law, enforced, and reassessed.

Technology has long been an essential consideration in public discussions of the environment, with the focus overwhelmingly on creating new tools and techniques. In more recent years, however, activists, researchers, and policymakers have increasingly turned to mobilizing older technologies in their pursuit of sustainability. In fascinating case studies ranging from the Early Modern secondhand trade to utopian visions of human-powered vehicles, the contributions gathered here explore the historical fortunes of two such technologies-bicycling and waste recycling-tracing their development over time and providing valuable context for the policy successes and failures of today.

This book provides the detail information about nanoparticles, their types, characterization techniques such as TEM, FESEM, AFM, XRD etc. nanogenotoxicity, metal and metal oxide nanoparticle's toxicity, physical and chemical characterization of nanomaterials, entry routes, cell-nano interaction studies, possible impacts to the human kind, and on the methods of evaluating the toxicity. It puts together comprehensive and up-to-date information about sustainable approaches in making an eco-friendly environment using advanced nanotechnologies. It educated readers about the new frontiers and scope of employing various state-of-art nano-technologies to clean-up and save our environment. This book will be of interest to teachers, researchers, environmental biotechnologists, capacity builders and policymakers. Also the book serves as additional reading material for undergraduate and graduate students of agriculture, environmental sciences, environmental engineering and biotechnology.

Discharges of heavy metals, toxic organics and variable strength conventional pollutants from industrial (and other nondomestic) sources can have negative impacts on the operation of POTWs. Such discharges can result in an " interference" at a POTW. The book considers the sources of and contaminants causing interference, the impact on the POTW, and the mitigation techniques available for interference prevention.

The risks dealt with in this study are set in the context of current radioactive contamination issues in the Arctic, the operation and infrastructure of the Russian Nuclear fleet, and the world-wide decommissioning of nuclear submarines. The risks involve those of spent nuclear fuel, and low and intermediate level liquid and solid wastes. Risk assessment and monitoring techniques are also dealt with.

Japan was ahead of the rest of the world when it introduced intermediate processing of municipal waste by such means as incineration in the 1960s. Owing to the small land area of the country and the difficulty in securing landfill sites, the incineration ratio of municipal combustible waste had reached 100% by the 1990s. Along with the landfill of incineration residues, proprietary technologies such as high salt leachate treatment, desalination treatment, by-product recycling, a focus on the resource of incineration residues, sea surface landfill sites, and covered type landfill sites have spread and developed since then. This book describes the introduction of incineration facilities starting in the 1960s, landfill technology, and issues arising after 1990 following the introduction of the facilities. The necessity of a total system from incineration to landfill is explained as well. The volume is a valuable resource for countries that plan to introduce intermediate processing such as incineration and for countries that are developing a waste management policy.