This book is a comprehensive work on utilization of overburden waste, ash, tailings, and other processed waste produced by mining industry. It details various laboratory tests to identify the suitability of mine waste. It explains varied usage of different types of mine waste as in concrete pavements, bricks and to enhance fertile characteristics of waste lands. Various physico-mechanical properties of mine waste material and their optimum percentage for replacement with sand and coarse aggregate along with additives for optimum strength of concrete / bricks are discussed. Key features: Covers the technical approach in terms of testing and characterizing mine waste Focusses on effective use of mining waste to make sustainable and ecofriendly mining Presents analysis of physical properties of iron ore waste and their usage Describes testing methods for each type of mine waste and its physical property characterization for every application Includes detailed study to use iron ore waste and tailings in concrete pavements This book is aimed at researchers, professionals and graduate students in mining, geotechnical, and civil engineering.

Provides insight to extremophiles. Unveils the mysticism of extreme environments. Explores applications of extremophiles in biorefineries. Throws light on the advancement of industrially important extremozymes. Explores applications in biofilms and microbial corrosion.

The depletion of fossil fuel reserves and concerns for environmental degradation due to the fossil fuel burning have led the scientific community to look for alternative renewable energy sources. Among the available renewable energy sources, bioenergy derived from biomass and waste resources have great potential to not only prevent environmental pollution but also be a carbon neutral energy source. In addition, adaptation of this technology could streamline new green products, alternative energy sources into real-world applications and promote a circular economy towards zero-waste approach. This book tries to bridge the existing knowledge gap in the area of bioenergy resources. The first two chapters provide introduction to the anaerobic digestion (AD) technologies and direct interspecies electron transfer in AD. The next three chapters are on biomass pretreatment technologies for process improvement. The sixth to eighth chapter discuses biogas and other by-product production from specific wastes such from dairy, food and agricultural solid waste. The following two chapters focuses on the downstream processing of anaerobic digestate and on biochar production. Integration of AD in biorefineries using bioelectrochemical systems, syngas fermentation and electricity production are discussed in the next three chapters. The final two chapters elaborates on life cycle assessment of AD based technologies.

Despite frequent claims that waste is being reduced, consumer-reliant economies, everyday consumption and the waste industry continue to produce and demand more waste. Combining a lucid style with robust empirical and theoretical research, this book examines the root causes of the global waste problem, rather than simply the symptoms. It challenges existing waste policies, highlighting what needs to change if we are to get serious in tackling this global problem. It concludes with policy implications for shifting waste from an 'end-of-pipe' concern to being at the heart of the debate over decarbonisation.

integrating legacy, pathogenic and emerging contaminants and their removal techniques. appealing both to beginners and experts, owing to a diverse level of chapters as well as topics. with numerous case studies illustrating the proof of concepts. providing implications for policy, guidelines, and regulation.

This book consolidates and summarizes smart technologies like IoT, edge computing, and AI used in different aspects of waste material management, mitigation, and recycling for a sustainable environment. One of the cases explains how IoT-based systems and wireless sensors can be used to continuously detect common pollutants such as volatile organic compounds (VOCs), carbon monoxide, and particulate matter (PM) and how the data collected are used to assess the overall air quality and determine actions for improvements. A collection of practical case studies, this book provides a comprehensive knowledge in smart waste management to readers in universities, research centers, and industries.

Unlike most books on the subject, which offer only formulaic solutions to particular problems, Biological Treatment of Hazardous Wastes provides professionals with a conceptual framework within which to develop effective treatments tailored to any hazardous waste scenario they may encounter.
A complete guide to the biological treatment of a wide variety of hazardous waste problems-- for engineers, scientists, and technical personnel
Written by an author team comprising twenty-five North American and European experts, the text delineates the complex factors involved in the design of successful in situ and ex situ biotreatment approaches. Offering a balanced presentation of basic principles and engineering practices, it progresses from basic microbiological, biochemical, hydrogeological, and engineering principles to the development of design methodologies and specific hazardous waste scenarios--many of them based on the numerous case studies found throughout the book. Topics covered in detail include:
* Reactors, including suspended growth, fixed-film, membrane biofilm, and bioslurry reactors
* Anaerobic and aerobic systems
* Hydrogeologic and microbial factors associated with in situ biodegradation
* Biofiltration of VOC vapors
* Composting
* Natural attenuation

Covers intricacies of e-waste management with an outlook towards checkpoint of sustainable development goals (SDGs) in 2025 Describes the global status of e-waste recycling and management with country-specific contributions Includes focus on policy tools such as EPR, ARF, policy gaps, and the informal sector activities Offers detailed information about advanced green and smart technologies for e-waste valorisation and management Explores urban mining, sustainability, and circular economic approaches

An enormous amount of synthetic dyes is used annually in the textile, leather, plastics, paper, and dye industries due to their coloring properties. Although dyes give color to materials, they are prone to increase the level of pollution in the environment. The colored wastewater produced in industrial sectors is released into water bodies, posing threats to the ecosystem. To reduce the adverse effects of dyes in the environment, it is necessary to implement feasible and cost-effective strategies. '"Dye Biodegradation Mechanisms and Techniques - Recent Advances'' provides fundamental principles and pathways of bio-based mechanisms in dye removal. This edition firstly discusses dye classification and pollution, then concentrates on the application of fungi, mesophilic bacteria, microflora, and enzymes in dye degradation. This book also highlights the performance of sequential batch reactor systems, moving bed biofilm reactors, and hybrid bioreactors for dye biodegradation

The threat from global warming is growing and human activity is a major contributor to the problem. It is clear that we must change our wasteful behavior before it is too late. The Tzu Chi Foundation believes it can make a difference in addressing this critically important challenge. Over the last three decades it has embraced the cause of recycling and conserving resources to ensure a cleaner environment for future generations. Tzu Chi has mobilized tens of thousands of people in this campaign, expanding from Taiwan to 19 countries and territories around the world. Co-Existing with the Earth, Tzu Chi's Three Decades of Recycling tells the story of this uniquely effective grassroots effort and examines the reasons for its success. It also relates the stories of individual recycling volunteers and explains why they chose to join this international movement.

Cogeneration can now turn up to 90% of the fuel burned into usable energy – compared to just 52% of the fuel typically burned in a local power plant and in a separate existing hot water heating system. The fifth edition of this comprehensive reference provides a wealth of information to assist you in evaluating the feasibility and potential benefits of cogeneration for your facility. Covered are recent regulatory developments and their impact, system selection and sizing, permitting requirements, operation and maintenance, financing, technology basics, micro turbines, absorption chillers, distributed generation, and numerous case histories. This new edition is updated with new material and comes with access to a useful program that can help determine the economic value of applying cogeneration for your clients’ benefit.

Covers recent progress on green catalysts derived from biomass Explores biomass conversion to different resources Introduces utilization of bio-waste in environmental aspects Discusses biomass applications in different types of energy Proposes microbial waste biomass as a resource of renewable energy

Gives a systematic comprehensive examination of all aspects of the shotcrete process (only book to do so) Provides an authoritative authorship from both industry and research Combines concrete technology with practical aspects of the shotcrete placement method Illustrates subject matter with case studies

This volume focuses on the collection of waste and waste streams as an integral aspect of sustainable waste management. The authors take economic models and behavioral studies into account to go beyond just descriptions of waste collections technologies and collection route design. Models and tools for sustainable waste collection are described in detail, and the authors provide a comprehensive, integrated methodology to design waste collection systems that reduce environmental impacts, are economically viable, and achieve buy-in and participation from target populations. Part I of the book provides fundamentals and context on waste hierarchy, including waste prevention, reduction and reuse, waste collection itself, and steps such as preparation for recycling, recycling, treatment, and landfilling. Background in environmental, social, and economic concerns surrounding waste collection is also provided here. Part II addresses tools for design, operation, and maintenance of waste collection systems. Part III focuses on how the tools presented in Part II can be used to support sustainability assessments and decisions that consider the entire life cycle of waste and the role of waste collection programs in waste prevention, reduction, reuse, recycling, treatment, and disposal. Part IV addresses the challenges of developing sustainable waste management systems and addresses the role of waste collection in sustainable waste management in the future.

This Volume 2 contains essential contributions highlighting the use of biotechnology in dye removal. It begins with an overview of activated sludge process for dye removal along with its limitation is carried out and describes the fundamental concepts of dye-containing textile wastewater treatments, particularly microbial and enzymatic approaches, including the most usual textile wastewater treatments and their trends. It discusses the role microbial biofilms play when employed in the integrated treatment system for effective detoxification, degradation and complete mineralization of pollutants in dye waste effluents. It assesses the most recent advances in the biotransformation of synthetic dyes from wastewater, especially anthraquinone-typed dyes. Phycoremediation as an emerging and efficient technology in dye removal, remediation strategies used by microalgae, and the role of fungi in the dye removal are presented.

This book describes all parts of belt conveyors, their functions and different types presented one after the other with necessary illustrations covering all the basic aspects so that the reader can obtain an overall understanding of their operation and implementation within the field of bulk material handling, mining and mineral processing. Dedicated study of this work will also enable engineers to carry out minor repairs on their own without having to wait for maintenance personnel. This is an introductory preliminary book for beginners in the field of bulk material handling, mining and mineral processing, written in lucid, easy-to-understand language, well-illustrated, and with self-explanatory descriptions that do not compromise in maintaining academic standards while dealing with the subject matter. A salient feature of this book is that all the new terminology used to describe the components and their functions has been included and explained. Much of the content of this book has been tested and evaluated positively by graduate and postgraduate students and professional engineers of several bulk material handling plants during training programs over the last twenty-five years in India.

Some of the more difficult environmental problems facing the Department of Defense (DOD) include (1) chemical weapons destruction, (2) explosive waste remediation, and (3) unexploded ordnance clearance and extraction. It is conceivable that $50 to $100 billion will be spent by DOD for these three programs, offering unusual opportunities for environmental engineering and related firms.
Military installations are similar to small cities in terms of population, industrial activities, and some types of contaminated sites. However, some cover an area larger than a small state. DOD has operated industrial facilities on its installations for several decades that have generated, stored, recycled, or disposed of hazardous wastes. Many of these activities have contaminated the nearby soil and groundwater. To study and clean up contaminated sites, DOD established the Installation Restoration Program (IRP) in 1975. In 1984, the IRP was made part of the Defense Environmental Restoration Program.
The Secretary of Defense delegated cleanup responsibility to the Army, Navy, the Air Force, and the Defense Logistics Agency (DLA). Cleanup actions are usually accomplished under contract with private firms, which are monitored by the services. Most cleanup actions are funded through the Defense Environmental Restoration Account (DERA) and the Base Realignment and Closure Account. Congress established DERA in 1984 to fund the cleanup of inactive contaminated sites on DOD installations.
The technology to clean up the conventional hazardous wastes on DOD sites are the same as those utilized for industrial sites, and well-documented by this publisher.
However, there are three DOD programs that require the utilization of somewhat unusual or different technologies that have not been as well documented. These three programs are:
1. Chemical weapons destruction
2. Remediation of explosives contaminated soils and lagoons
3. Unexploded ordnance detection, clearance, and extraction
This book discusses the current and potential treatment technologies involved in these three programs.

This book details microbial remediation of azo dyes from wastewater including information on existing methods and technologies, their graduation, the emergence of new technologies, industrial practices, and real-case studies. Emphasis is placed on industrial applications and the elimination of toxic pollutants from wastewater through bacterial approach. Specific aspects discussed include effective separation through new adsorbents / newcomers, ion exchange process, coagulation / formulations, separations, and biological methods from wastewater. This book explains a paradigm shift towards the recovery of materials and energy from azo dye containing wastewater. Features: Provides information on the topic of prokaryotic-based technologies for azo dye degradation in wastewater treatment plant. Describes microbial enzymes and their role in bioremediation of environmental pollutants. Covers industrial acid mine tailing wastes, plastic wastes, distillery, and pulp paper industry effluent. Discusses critical insight into limitations of related technologies. Explains concepts through illustrations, figures, tables, and trivia boxes. This book aims at Researchers, Professionals, Graduate Students in Bioremediation and Environmental Protection, Waste Management, Applied Microbiology, Botany and Plant Biotechnology.

The importance of protecting the environment against pollution is an objective which gained international acceptance in the recent years. According to the first principle of the Declaration of the United Nations Conference on the Human Environment which took place in Stockholm in 1972, "man .... bears a solemn responsibility to protect and improve the environment for present and future genera tions." The United Nations again in their desire to improve the sanitation conditions allover the world decided to proclaim the period between 1981-1990 as the "International Drinking Water Supply and Sanitation Decade." Although attempts have been made by inter national organizations to prevent pollution, it is difficult to say that these attempts gave satisfactory results in developing countries. The most common reasons of failure are: a) To find solutions to their environmental problems, develop ing countries usually seek the assistance of engineers and scientists from developed countries. Many times, how ever, either out of ignorance of the local condition or due to financial motivations, these experts come out with solutions which are far from being considered as the "most appropriate." As a result, the basic objective of protecting the environment is not achieved. b) Attempts made by developed countries to "export" their wastes - especially the hazardous ones - to the developing world, is another danger - and sometimes reason of failure encountered in the field of Environmental Management."

Presents holistic approach for urban mining considering varied types of wastes Describes contemporary integrated approaches for waste management with specific case studies Provides technical, social, and environmental aspects of solid and liquid wastes Considers aspects of sustainability and circular bioeconomy Incorporates case studies on water and wastewater management

This second volume on ''Inorganic-Organic Composites for Water and Wastewater Treatment'' reviews research findings on advanced materials and methods for purification. Considering the fact that new emerging pollutants are released into the environment and water bodies, it is necessary to develop more advanced techniques in order to treat them. The utilization of metal - organic framework in view of applications, synthesis, properties like adsorption, characterization of the electronic and geometric aspects, and hybrid systems is reiewed in this book, and the advantages/disadvantages, shortcomings including future prospects associated with metal-based nanoparticles and nanocomposites for water decontamination are discussed. In addition, the use of carbon quantum dots, supramolecular ion-exchange resins, multifunctional composite aerogels, algal biomass valorization and titania-containing composites in treatment processes are also presented.

Since the emergence of climate and global warming onto the international agenda, research in sustainability has been underpinned by the development in energy and environmental science. Highlighted 30 years ago by the Brundtland Commission, 'sustainable development' was defined as: meeting the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs. This has very much defined the scope and aims of this conference.This conference proceedings book contains the selected papers presented in the 2015 International Conference on Sustainable Development (ICSD2015) held in September 25-27, 2015, in Wuhan, Hubei, China. The conference positions itself as an international forum for researchers all over the world to come together to share and discuss their findings and contributions in all aspects of sustainability; including theory, methodology and applications covering a wide spectrum of topics and issues. The conference proceedings put together a total of 119 papers in sustainable development, covering issues in environmental, energy, and economical aspects of the subjects.

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose, mainly derived from the food waste of shrimp and crabs. Chitosan is the most important derivative of chitin. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and versatile chemical and physical properties, chitin and chitosan derivatives are used in a wide variety of applications, including water treatment, cosmetics and toiletries, food and beverages, healthcare/medical, and agrochemicals. Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy covers all major aspects of chitin and chitosan, including structure, biosynthesis, biodegradation, properties of chitin and derivatives, applications, and market. It offers a special focus on the bioeconomy, which is the renewable segment of the circular economy. Describes the structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of chitin and chitosan Covers chitin- and chitosan-based products Details valorization of these materials Presents information on shell biorefineries Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy serves as a reference for polymer scientists and engineers and is also accessible to economists and advanced students.