A multi-disciplinary analysis of the evolution of water politics and policy by an international team of distinguished experts. Water management in the Middle Ages in Europe, its evolution in the USA, the elaboration of the European Water Framework Directive, the British experience of water management, the over-exploitation of African aquifers, and the evolution of the water situation in Southern Africa are all examined.
This volume underlines the fact that only an integrative and interdisciplinary understanding can lead to genuinely improved water management practices that will not benefit some social groups at the expense of others.

Assessment of freshwater sediments can determine whether chemical concentrations are sufficient to cause adverse effects on aquatic organisms or organisms higher in the food chain, including humans. This book presents methods for assessing sediments and includes an integration of physical, chemical, and biological information. It examines the elements of quality assurance and control programs, considerations for the conduct of field surveys, screening-level analyses, chemical analyses, toxicity tests for assessing biological impacts, assessments of benthic invertebrate community structure, surveys of fish tumors and abnormalities, and data presentation and interpretation techniques.

This all-new revised edition of a modern classic is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the "green" process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, covering all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems. This is becoming increasingly more important for not only our world's industries, but our world's populations, as pure water becomes more and more scarce. "Blue is the new green." This is an all-new revised edition of a modern classic on one of the most important subjects in engineering: Water. Featuring a total revision of the initial volume, this is the most comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the process of desalination in industrial and municipal applications, a technology that is becoming increasingly more important as more and more companies choose to "go green." This book covers all of the processes and equipment necessary to design, operate, and troubleshoot desalination systems, from the fundamental principles of desalination technology and membranes to the much more advanced engineering principles necessary for designing a desalination system. Earlier chapters cover the basic principles, the economics of desalination, basic terms and definitions, and essential equipment. The book then goes into the thermal processes involved in desalination, such as various methods of evaporation, distillation, recompression, and multistage flash. Following that is an exhaustive discussion of the membrane processes involved in desalination, such as reverse osmosis, forward osmosis, and electrodialysis. Finally, the book concludes with a chapter on the future of these technologies and their place in industry and how they can be of use to society. This book is a must-have for anyone working in water, for engineers, technicians, scientists working in research and development, and operators. It is also useful as a textbook for graduate classes studying industrial water applications.

Dyes, pigments and metals are extensively used in food, paper, carpet, rubber, plastics, cosmetics, and textile industries, in order to color and finish products. As a result, they generate a considerable amount of coloured wastewater rich in organic, inorganic, and mineral substances which are continuously polluting the water bodies and affecting human and aquatic life. Besides these industries, urban and agricultural activities also generate effluents high in biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). In recent years, considerable research work has been done in this area and is underway to eliminate heavy metals particularly mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), lead (Pb), selenium and cadmium (Cd) and synthetic dyes from polluted waters which have high toxicity and carcinogenicity. Currently a number of methods are in operation to decontaminate the polluted waters. Among several purification technologies, use of nanoparticles/composites have gained much attention as efficient purification technology due to its many advantages such as simple synthesis, special chemical and physical properties, unique photocatalytic activity and beneficial antimicrobial properties and high efficiency. The book Environmental Nanotechnology for Water Purification comprehensively covers and provides new insights on all nanoparticles, composites and advanced methods employed in water purification.

Lavishly illustrated with 98 full-color figures, this book describes waterborne microorganisms-bacteria, viruses, protists, and others-of concern to water operators, as well as techniques for isolation and detection, chemistry, and disinfection. This third edition includes new sections on advancing microbiology laboratories and effective data communication, color drawings to accompany genera descriptions, 30 additional photographs, and a new appendix on decontamination of new mains.

Troubleshooting granular filters can take hours and frustrate even the most experienced water operators. Find and solve filter problems fast with this handbook. Authored by a filter designer and consultant who holds several patents in filtration, this book has all the information needed to troubleshoot granular media filters, understand how they work, and maintain optimum filter performance.Table of Contents1. Introduction2. Driving Head3. Plenum/Flume Hydraulics4. Filter Support Gravel5. Filter Media6. Underdrain7. Optimizing Backwash8. Filter Controls9. Gravity Filter Troubleshooting Procedures10. Pressure Filters11. Filter Maintenance12. SummaryAppendix: Water Treatment Chemistry and Jar Testing ProceduresAppendix: Troubleshooting ChecklistsAppendix: Historical Records

Industrial Biofouling discusses the the challenges--and to a lesser extent, the benefits--of biofilms on industrial processing surfaces. It addresses the operating problems caused by establishment and growth of microorganisms, thereby enabling effective equipment design and operation that minimizes biofouling.

The practical guide on what to do right when biological influences cause a sequencing batch reactor to go wrong

This richly illustrated, straightforward guide carries forth the legacy established by previous editions in the "Wiley Wastewater Microbiology" series by focusing attention on the mixed gathering of organisms cohabitating within a sequencing batching reactor (SBR), and the key roles their biology plays in this wastewater processing tank's function. With a clear, user-friendly presentation of complex subject matter, "Troubleshooting the Sequence Batch Reactor" first teaches plant operators how to differentiate the positive and expected organismal dynamics present in optimal SBR performance from the negative and damaging ones that create unhealthy sludge, and a stoppage in SBR operations. Next, Troubleshooting the Sequence Batch Reactor delivers all the tools necessary to get an SBR back on track and running safely. In this book you'll get:

Short-course situations tested by the author for the past fifteen years

Accessible material aimed at operators instead of design and consulting engineers

Essential information for understanding biological conditions such as aerobic, anoxic, and anaerobic/fermentative at the treatment process

Examination of the properties of protozoa (single-celled) and metazoa (multi-celled) organisms, and their significance in wastewater treatment

Devoid of overwhelming scientific jargon, chemical equations, and kinetics, this book simplifies details to provide quick instruction for plant operators on how to make more informed day-to-day process control decisions, how to troubleshoot confidently when SBR conditions become compromised, and how to act decisively when the problem is ultimately identified.

Water operators will find a wealth of hands-on information on the operation and maintenance of pretreatment, rapid-rate granular media filtration, slow-sand filtration, and diatomaceous-earth filtration systems in this book. This practical guide provides recommended procedures for operating, monitoring, and maintaining all types of filters used for conventional water treatment. Learn how to mix and feed chemicals, monitor filter performance during difficult water episodes, backwash and return filters to service, inspect and maintain filters for optimal performance. These procedures are tested and time-proven by hundreds of water utilities and filtration experts to provide high filter efficiency, excellent water quality, long filter runs and minimum downtime. The book also gives advice on what not to do-and why-so you can avoid water quality problems, filter damage, and treatment problems in the future.

This handy field reference contains all the information, charts, graphs, formulas, and definitions that are needed by wastewater system operators in performing their daily duties.
This guide compiles information from wastewater operations manuals, handbooks, standards, and many other information sources. Major sections include math, conversion factors, chemistry, safety, collection, pumps and motors, flow, wastewater treatment, biosolids, discharge, disinfection, abbreviations, and acronyms.
Information is grouped based on how it would be used by the operator. Thus, all the information you need relating to pumps will be found in its own chapter and all information on biosolids in another. The guide's small size (4-1/4 in. x 7-1/4 in.) and sturdy cover means you can throw it in your truck and go Low price means every operator can have a personal copy.

A practical guide to wastewater bacteria and the roles they perform in wastewater treatment
Communicating material in a practical manner for operators and technicians who regulate and troubleshoot their wastewater treatment processes, Wastewater Bacteria discusses the effective control and proper operation of aerobic (activated sludge) and anaerobic (anaerobic digesters) biological treatment units to ensure that an adequate, active, and appropriate population of bacteria is present in each treatment unit. It is a hands-on guide to understanding the biology and biological conditions that occur at each treatment unit.
Avoiding unnecessary technical jargon and chemical equations, Wastewater Bacteria, the fifth book in the Wastewater Microbiology Series, explores and explains:
* Bacteria and the wastewater environment
* Enzymes and sludge production
* Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur bacteria
* Floc formation and filamentous organisms
* Nitrification and denitrification
* Sulfate reduction, fermentation, and methane production
* Toxicity
* Foam and malodor production
The goal of Wastewater Bacteria is to enable plant operators to achieve the twofold basic objectives of wastewater treatment-to degrade organic wastes to a level where a significant, dissolved oxygen demand is not exerted upon receiving waters and to remove nutrients to levels where photosynthetic organisms in receiving waters are limited in their growth. This straightforward manual equips plant technicians to meet these objectives with essential information to understand the biological processes and organisms involved in wastewater treatment.

This book explores desalination technologies in the United States, which are increasingly used for municipal and industrial water supplies and reclamation of contaminated supplies. An issue for Congress is the federal role in desalination research, demonstration and full-scale facilities, and regulatory requirements. Constraints on wider adoption include financial, environmental, regulatory issues and concerns. Desalination processes generally treat seawater or brackish water to produce a stream of freshwater, and a separate, saltier stream of water that has to be disposed (often called waste concentrate). Its attractions include creation of a new freshwater source from otherwise unusable waters, and its independence from precipitation, runoff, storage, and recharge. Many states (most notably Florida, California and Texas) and cities are actively researching and investigating the feasibility of large-scale desalination plants for municipal water supplies.

A practical, hands-on guide to using the microscope to analyze activated sludge in wastewater treatment
The microscope provides the wastewater treatment plant operator with a special tool for process control and troubleshooting of the activated sludge process. The operator can "read" the organisms and use them as "bioindicators" to determine if operational conditions are acceptable or not acceptable. Written for plant operators and technicians and avoiding unnecessary technical jargon, "Microscopic Examination of the Activated Sludge Process explores" and explains:

• Microscopy, including microscopic measurements and techniques
  
• Directions for preparing and applying microbiological stains and immobilizing agents and techniques for preparing wet mounts and smears
  
• How to identify various types of organisms, including: floc particles and foam; protozoa; rotifers; worms and worm-like organisms; crustaceans; filamentous organisms; and algae and fungi
  
• The collection, evaluation, and presentation of observations
  This straightforward guide includes figures, tables, worksheets, photomicrographs, and black-and-white drawings of many living, microscopic components of the activated sludge process. It equips plant operators and technicians to monitor, regulate, and troubleshoot the treatment processes and also serves as a valuable resource for research professionals and sanitary engineers in wastewater treatment.

THE DRINKING WATER BOOK takes a level-headed look at the serious issues surrounding America's drinking water supply. Unlike water purifier manufacturers and public health officials, Ingram presents unbiased reporting on what's in your water and how to drink safely. Featuring all the latest scientific research, the book evaluates the different kinds of filters and bottled waters and rates specific products on the market.‚A[ The completely revised comprehensive guide to making tap and bottled water safer, covering the toxins in our water, how to test for them, and how to get rid of them.‚A[ Honestly and thoroughly tackles a subject vital to ongoing environmental, health, and safety concerns.‚A[ Shows how to avoid bogus safety tests, scams, and unnecessary expenditures.‚A[ Details which toxins aren't regulated by federal and state water standards.

In the past few years, there has been a considerable increase in the number of new and emerging pollutants in the limited water resources around the world, posing a serious threat to human health and the ecosystems. These pollutants, which are also referred to as new chemicals without regulatory status, are poorly understood and therefore not properly monitored or effectively removed from wastewater using conventional methods. Relevant topics addressing these challenges are presented in this book containing 12 chapters, which are consequently divided into two sections (Section 1: Pollutants in Wastewater; Section 2: Wastewater Remediation Strategies). The first section provides a systematic review of recent detection methods suitable for the rapid and accurate identification of some emerging pollutants from wastewater. Further development in the book fairly complement the first part by providing solutions for the removal of the emerging pollutants from wastewater and restoration of usable water; innovative approaches encompassing inter-disciplinary processes supported by sustainable technologies are therefore the focus of the second part of the book. The enhancement of bioreactor systems with consideration of volumetric organic loads, membrane configurations and reactor types has been highlighted by authors as strategies to ensure increased biomass proliferation, high effluent production rates and high quality effluents. The development of smart materials for pollutants removal from wastewater being a promising trend for remediation of water pollution, could not be ignored in this book, which aims to emphasize on the latest sustainable and effective technologies. This has been taken care in a few chapters which explore the synthesis of nanocomposite for various applications; in one, the synthesis of nanocomposite hydrogels (NCHs) has been contemplated to produce adsorbents with improved thermomechanical, electrical, optical, swelling properties and adsorption capacity contrasted with the traditional polymeric hydrogel; while a separate chapter covers a brilliant approach consisting to combine nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes and organic polymers to develop effective antimicrobial compounds with the potential to exhibit microbicidal activities against bacteria and fungi. The ability to predict and assess the performance of the treatment process is very important to ensure that the system remains effective. This is the topic of two chapters that cover the use of models to predict the feasibility of reactions and the structural suitability of adsorbents. The book therefore covers a complete set of information for an inter-disciplinary approach to wastewater monitoring and treatment.

Desalination technologies utilise various forms of energy to produce freshwater. The first chapter of this book provides an exergy analysis of desalination systems. The second chapter provides an exergy analysis of the indoor environment and its impact on human thermal comfort in connection with temperature, heat and mass transfer. The third chapter reviews different studies conducted on exergy analysis from biomass. The last chapter provides a system exergy analysis of an oxy-fuel combustion power plant integrated with carbon dioxide capture, transport and storage.

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. THE DEFINITIVE GUIDE TO DESALINATION PLANT OPERATION AND MAINTENANCEThis Water Environment Federation and WateReuse Association publication describes state-of-the art operation, maintenance, and troubleshooting methods for reverse osmosis brackish and seawater desalination plants for municipal water supplies. All plant components are discussed in detail, from intake and pretreatment to discharge management. Best practices for maintaining plant equipment are also provided. Real-world examples illustrating the latest technologies and their practical implementation are included throughout this authoritative resource. Desalination Engineering covers: Source water open and subsurface intakes Source water pretreatment -- chemical conditioning, dissolved air flotation clarifiers, and granular media, membrane, and cartridge filters Reverse osmosis system operation Reverse osmosis system troubleshooting Post-treatment -- lime and carbon dioxide, calcite conditioning, remineralization, and disinfection Desalination plant discharge management Equipment maintenance -- pumps, air blowers, motors, bearings, valves, mechanical seals, mechanical drives, chemical feed systems, automatic samplers

Publisher's Note: Products purchased from Third Party sellers are not guaranteed by the publisher for quality, authenticity, or access to any online entitlements included with the product. An in-depth guide to reverse osmosis desalinationThis Water Environment Federation and WateReuseAssociation publication provides comprehensive information on the planning and engineering of brackish and seawater desalination projects for municipal water supplies. After a brief overview of widely used desalination technologies, Desalination Engineering focuses on reverse osmosis desalination. The book discusses basic principles, planning and environmental review of projects, design and selection of key desalination plant components, desalinated water posttreatment, and concentrate management. Guidelines on sizing and cost estimation of desalination plant facilities are also included in this practical resource. COVERAGE INCLUDES: Source water quality characterization Fundamentals of reverse osmosis desalination Planning considerations Environmental review and permitting Intakes for source water collection Intake pump stations Source water screening and conditioning Sand removal, sedimentation, and dissolved air flotation Pretreatment by granular media filtration Pretreatment by membrane filtration Comparison of granular media and membrane pretreatment Reverse osmosis separation Post-treatment of desalinated water Desalination plant discharge management Desalination project cost estimates

Desalination refers to any of several processes that remove excess salt and other minerals from water. Water is desalinated in order to convert salt water to fresh water so it is suitable for human consumption or irrigation. Most of the modern interest in desalination is focused on developing cost-effective ways of providing fresh water for human use in regions where the availability of fresh water is limited. This book reviews research in the field of desalination including the growth of scientific and commercial interest to cogenerative and hybrid technologies for desalination and power generation; Membrane Distillaion (MD) process as a new membrane technology used for desalination and recycling; two alternative systems for conventional reverse osmosis desalination plants by incorporating the use of gravitational potential energy and others.

Water disinfection is the deactivation, removal or killing of pathogens in order to avoid their growth and reproduction. If disinfection is not achieved, diseases such as typhoid and paratyphoid enteric fevers, cholera, hepatitis and diarrhoea can alter human health. Chlorination is the most commonly used disinfection method currently used, but chlorine compounds react with substances present in water, such as amino acids, ammonia, organic matter, iron, and manganese. The result of such reactions are an extensive range of disinfection by-products (DBPs) like trihalomethanes (THMs), haloacetic acids (HAAs), chlorophenols and chloramines. These DBPs could cause human health problems, endanger aquatic life and stay in the environment for long periods. This book presents current research in the study of water disinfection.

The book presents a thorough overview of the latest trends and challenges in renewable energy technologies applications for water desalination, with an emphasis on environmental concerns and sustainable development. Emphasis is on the various uses of renewable energy, as well as economics & scale-up, government subsidies & regulations, and environmental concerns. It provides an indication on how renewable energy technologies are rapidly emerging with the promise of economic and environmental viability for desalination. Further it gives a clear indication on how exactly to accelerate the expansion and commercialization of novel water production systems powered by renewable energies and in what manner environmental concerns may be minimized. This book is all-inclusive and wide-ranging and directed at decision makers in government, industry and the academic world as well as students.

This new edition of a very successful standard reference is expanded and fully reworked. The book explains and quantifies the processes whereby streams cleanse themselves, reducing their pollutant load as a natural process. Mechanisms of purification in running waters have always been critical with regard to clearly identified pollution sources. This new edition explains the self-purifying function of streams and rivers in light of recent EPA rules on nonpoint pollutants and total maximum daily loads (TMDLs). It also covers basic concepts such as biological oxygen demand (BOD). Also new in this edition is an extended discussion of how streams originate and how they fit into the geomorphology of the earth and other water supply sources.

Information is presented on aquatic life, including macroinvertebrates and their role as bioindicators of stream health. Chapter review tests and answers are included so that the readers can evaluate their mastery of the concepts presented. Stream Ecology and Self-Purification: An Introduction, 2nd Edition serves as a practical introduction to ecology combined with an explanation of how streams absorb and react to pollution. This text will prove valuable to water and wastewater plant operators, watershed managers, trainers, environmental students, water quality professionals, and will be an excellent preparation aid to wastewater/water operator licensing exams.

This book introduces readers to desalination processes and technologies, covering both commercial desalination technologies (MSF, MED, MVC/TVC, RO and EDR), as well as newly developed technologies (MD, HDH, SS) and alternative driving energies, such as solar and nuclear. The author presents the material in the form of questions and answers in order to be accessible to readers with a wide variety of backgrounds. The book includes special sections in RDI with novel ideas particularly in solar desalination (water from Sun). Presents a unique, wide range of questions and answers in desalination processes and technologies; Includes over 200 colored illustrations, photos and specifications of typical commercially operating desalination plants; Covers conventional driving energies and alternatives as solar and nuclear energies; Includes selected RDI topics in desalination and typical RDI proposals.