Aeschines, orator and statesman of Athens, 390 or 389-314 BCE,
became active in politics about 350. In 348 he was a member of a
mission sent to the Peloponnese to stir up feeling against the
growing power of king Philip of Macedon; but in 347, when part of a
peace-making embassy to Philip, was won over to sympathy with the
king, and became a supporter of the peace policy of the Athenian
statesman Eubulus. On a second embassy in 346 to ratify a peace
Aeschines' delaying tactics caused the famous orator Demosthenes
and Timarchus to accuse him of treason, a charge which he
successfully rebutted in the strong extant speech "Against
Timarchus." In 344-343, when Demosthenes accused him again in a
speech, Aeschines replied in the fine extant speech having the same
title "On the False Embassy" and was again acquitted. In 336, when
Ctesiphon proposed that Demosthenes should be awarded a crown of
gold for state service, Aeschines accused him of proposing
something which would violate existing laws. At the trial
Aeschines' extant speech "Against Ctesiphon" was answered by
Demosthenes in his masterpiece "On the Crown." Aeschines,
discredited, left Athens and set up a school of rhetoric at Rhodes.
He died in Samos.
As examples of Greek oratory the speeches of Aeschines rank
next to those of Demosthenes, and are important documents for the
study of Athenian diplomacy and inner politics.
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