The advances in Xenophontic studies of the last generation have
still not resulted in a definitive literary treatment of the
Hellenica 1-2, so Xenophon's description of the Peloponnesian War
deserves closer examination. This book aims to show that Xenophon
has crafted his narrative in such a way as to reinforce the opinion
of Thucydides, whose work he continued, that the development of the
Peloponnesian War depended to a great extent on Persian money, but
the factors that ultimately determined its outcome were the moral
virtues and the skills of the military leaders of Athens and
Sparta. Regarding Athens, Xenophon wants to show that despite
Persia's support of Sparta, Athens lost the war because of its
troubled relationship with Alcibiades; the moral disintegration of
the Athenians who condemned illegally the Arginousai generals and
the appointment of generals who were greatly inferior. Concerning
Sparta, Xenophon leads his readers to believe that in spite of- not
because of- the interference of Persia in the Peloponnesian War the
moral and military qualities of Lysander and Callicratidas were
what turned the course of the war either in favor of or against
Sparta in each phase of the war.
General
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