Different chemical substances as well as several physical and
biological parameters can be detected through measurements of the
refractive index (RI). For this reason, RI sensors have gained
considerable attention by the sensor community. Fiber-based
refractometric devices are attractive, owing to the inherent
advantages over their counterparts based on other techniques. For
example, they can be multiplexed on a single fiber network and are
suitable for in situ and remote RI measurements. Moreover, they are
compact and lightweight. In addition, the amount of sample needed
to carry out the measurements can be very small. The resolution of
fiber-based RI sensors can be as high as 10 to the power 5. So far,
different alternatives have been proposed to design RI sensors with
conventional optical fibers. These include core-exposed or tapered
fibers, fiber Bragg gratings (FBGs), long period gratings (LPGs),
interferometers made with FBGs or LPGs, Refractive index sensors
based on core diameter mismatch etc. The advent of micro structured
optical fibers has also opened new possibilities for RI sensing.
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