As the nineteenth century became the twentieth and the dangers
of rampant nationalism became more evident, people throughout the
world embraced the idea that a new spirit of internationalism might
be fostered by better communication and understanding among
nations. Cultural internationalism came into its own after the end
of World War I, when intellectuals and artists realized that one
way of forging a stable and lasting international peace was to
encourage international cultural exchange and cooperation.
In "Cultural Internationalism and World Order, " noted historian
Akira Iriye shows how widespread and serious a following this idea
had. He describes a surprising array of efforts to foster
cooperation, from the creation of an international language to
student exchange programs, international lecture circuits, and
other cultural activities. But he does not overlook the tensions
the movement encountered with the real politics of the day,
including the militarism that led up to the World War I, the rise
of extreme strains of nationalism in Germany and Japan before World
War II, and the bipolar rivalries of the Cold War.
Iriye concludes that the effort of cultural internationalism can
only be appreciated only in the context of world politics. A
lasting and stable world order, he argues, cannot rely just on
governments and power politics; it also depends upon the open
exchange of cultures among peoples in pursuing common intellectual
and cultural interests.
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