Mintz has discovered a new sub-genre of fiction: the novel of
vocation. In the nineteenth century, he maintains, work ceased to
be merely what one did for a living or out of a sense of duty and
became a vehicle for self-definition and self-realization. The
change was prepared for by the growth of professions and the
increase in middle-class career opportunities, He shows how George
Eliot, in particular, linked these new social possibilities to the
older Puritan doctrine of calling or vocation, achieving in her
late novels a fictional structure that could encompass the
conflicting energies of the age. In the idea of vocation she found
a way to explore how far it is possible to be ambitious both for
oneself and for a large cause, and a way to probe the
contradictions between ambitious, self-defining work and the older
institutions; of family, community, and religion.
The book is solidly grounded in cultural and historical
reality. Although Mintz concentrate on George Eliot and especially
"Middlemarch," he also examines the conceptions of self and work in
Victorian biographies and autobiographies and the emergence in
late-nineteenth-century fiction of the idea of the vocation of
art.
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