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Books > Humanities > Philosophy > Topics in philosophy > Ethics & moral philosophy
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Massacres and Morality - Mass Atrocities in an Age of Civilian Immunity (Paperback)
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Massacres and Morality - Mass Atrocities in an Age of Civilian Immunity (Paperback)
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Most cultural and legal codes agree that the intentional killing of
civilians, whether in peacetime or war, is prohibited. This is the
norm of civilian immunity, widely considered to be a fundamental
moral and legal principle. Yet despite this fact, the deliberate
killing of large numbers of civilians remains a persistent feature
of global political life. What is more, the perpetrators have often
avoided criticism and punishment. Examining dozens of episodes of
mass killing perpetrated by states since the French Revolution late
eighteenth century, this book attempts to explain this paradox. It
studies the role that civilian immunity has played in shaping the
behaviour of perpetrators and how international society has
responded to mass killing. The book argues that although the world
has made impressive progress in legislating against the intentional
killing of civilians and in constructing institutions to give
meaning to that prohibition, the norm's history in practice
suggests that the ascendancy of civilian immunity is both more
recent and more fragile than might otherwise be thought. In
practice, decisions to violate a norm are shaped by factors
relating to the norm and the situation at hand, so too is the
manner in which international society and individual states respond
to norm violations. Responses to norm violations are not simply
matters of normative obligation or calculations of self-interest
but are instead guided by a combination of these logics as well as
perceptions about the situation at hand, existing relations with
the actors involved, and power relations between actors holding
different accounts of the situation. Thus, whilst civilian immunity
has for the time being prevailed over 'anti-civilian ideologies'
which seek to justify mass killing, it remains challenged by these
ideologies and its implementation shaped by individual
circumstances. As a result, whilst it has become much more
difficult for states to get away with mass murder, it is still not
entirely impossible for them to do so.
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