On August 17, 1999, the Izmit (Kocaeli) Earthquake tore through
Kocaeli, Turkey, resulting in over 15,000 deaths and 27,000
injuries; 200,000 people were left homeless. The electric power
system, nearly destroyed, sustained over US$70 million in damage.
Another earthquake, November 12, to the east of Izmit at Duzce,
added to the lifeline systems damage, impacting the communications
system, water and wastewater system, ports, railway, road, and
bridges. The Earthquake Investigation Committee of the Technical
Council of Lifeline Earthquake Engineering (TCLEE), American
Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE), established to initiate,
organize, train for, coordinate, and evaluate the performance of
lifelines following earthquakes, sent volunteers to Turkey to
gather data to provide information for practitioners to improve the
performance of the lifeline systems. Their findings are contained
in this report. The topics include: seismology, geology, and
geotechnical issues; electric power; airports; telecommunications;
water and wastewater; transportation (highways and bridges); liquid
fuel facilities; railway; ports; hospitals; social impacts; and
emergency response and recovery.
General
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