The works of the German Romantic authors Novalis (Friedrich von
Hardenberg) and Friedrich Holderlin were profoundly affected by
their loss of belief in endings and ultimacies. They wrote during
an age of intellectual crisis, when apocalyptic expectations had
reached their pitch and the volatile ideas generated by the French
Revolution seemed to challenge even the passing of time itself.
In "Delayed Endings," Alice A. Kuzniar demonstrates how Novalis
and Holderlin exemplified the Romantics' new way of narrating time,
and how their method of nonclosure, or the deliberate avoidance of
resolution and the strategies that bring it about, united the
narrative, semantic, and thematic strains of their work. Novalis's
Heinrich von Ofterdingen not only lacks a conclusion but even has a
ruptured and disoriented beginning. Sharing Novalis's obsession
with deferred endings, Holderlin's late verse fragments and
revisions reflect his questioning of ultimate human endings. Just
as the persona in his hymn "Patmos" is within close proximity of
friends but forever separated from them by treacherous alpine
gorges, so too is God near yet incomprehensible.
Novalis and Holderlin represent a generation of writers who no
longer perceived themselves as participants in a world of
meaningful temporal progression. Introducing Novalis and Holderlin
as masters in the art of sustained deviation and displacement,
Alice Kuzniar demonstrates how Romantic writers foreshadowed modern
critical thought in their mistrust of completed artifice and their
circumvention of the reader's desire for closure.
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