Aquaculture - also known as fish or shellfish farming - refers to
the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of plants and animals in all
types of water environments including ponds, rivers, lakes, and the
ocean. Researchers and aquaculture producers are “farming” all
kinds of freshwater and marine species of fish, shellfish, and
plants. Aquaculture produces food fish, sport fish, bait fish,
ornamental fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae, sea vegetables, and
fish eggs. Aquaculture includes the production of seafood from
hatchery fish and shellfish which are grown to market size in
ponds, tanks, cages, or raceways. Stock restoration or
“enhancement” is a form of aquaculture in which hatchery fish
and shellfish are released into the wild to rebuild wild
populations or coastal habitats such as oyster reefs. Aquaculture
also includes the production of ornamental fish for the aquarium
trade, and growing plant species used in a range of food,
pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biotechnology products.
Aquaculture is a relatively new industry in the western world as
it’s only been in the last 30-40 years that it has become a major
industry. Since the 1970’s, global aquaculture production has
been growing rapidly at a rate of about 9% per year. Today,
aquaculture produces at least 50% of the world’s seafood and will
likely continue to grow its production into the foreseeable future
as the demand for fish protein increases and the ability of wild
fish stocks to meet the demand continues to dwindle due to
overfishing and insufficient regulation. In fact, aquaculture is
now the fastest-growing form of food production on the planet.
Aquaculture is often called the “Blue Revolution” and carries
the mantra that if you farm fish instead of catching them then you
will relieve the pressure on wild stocks. This is the natural
progression in food production and follows the terrestrial model
where humans stopped hunting animals and started farming them in
order to create a reliable food supply. However, there are
limitations to the ideals of the “Blue Revolution” because
pressure on wild fish stocks is only relieved if the same people
that are catching the fish start farming them instead and if the
fish that you are producing don’t require more wild fish to
produce. This introductory covers issues associated with
sustainable aquaculture development, culture systems, hatchery
methods, and nutrition management.
General
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