Archibald Henry Sayce (1845-1933) became interested in Middle
Eastern languages and scripts while still a teenager. Old Persian
and Akkadian cuneiform had recently been deciphered, and at the
same time Indo-European studies had emerged as a lively field, with
publications by scholars including Grimm, Bopp and Schleicher.
Assyrian offered opportunities to historians of the Semitic
languages similar to those provided by Avestan to
Indo-Europeanists, and Sayce's grammar, published in 1872, was
aimed at such an audience. Only transliteration was used, as
cuneiform would be both expensive and redundant for philological
purposes. In his preface, Sayce acknowledges the recent work of
Oppert, Hincks, and Smith (whose translation of part of the epic
tale of Gilgamesh attracted considerable publicity later that
year). Sayce considers the place of Assyrian in the Semitic
language family and its development over time, and reviews the
archaeological evidence and scholarly literature, before presenting
its phonology, morphology, syntax and prosody.
General
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